Abstract: The present disclosure provides a system for electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide, including: a reduction electrode unit to which carbon dioxide is supplied and including a metal-containing electrode; an oxidation electrode unit including a sacrificial electrode; and an electrolyte unit including an aprotic polar organic solvent and an auxiliary electrolyte, which is in contact with the reduction electrode unit and the oxidation electrode unit, and the carbon dioxide supplied to the reduction electrode unit is electrochemically reduced so as to produce an oxalate salt.

Abstract: A process for recausticizing green liquor in a sulphate or Kraft process for wood pulp production, in which a green liquor consisting of an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate as the major component and sodium sulphide is admixed with calcium oxide in a slaker and undergoes a reaction in a recausticizer to form an aqueous suspension containing sodium hydroxide and calcium carbonate as the major components, which suspension is filtered on a first filter and subsequently, after dilution with water in a dilution vessel, is fed over further filters two or three times and filtered to separate solids suspended therein, characterized in that after a first separation of calcium carbonate as the major component and calcium oxide as the minor component, carbon dioxide is added to the aqueous suspension at least during dilution in a dilution vessel and in particular in the dilution vessel (s) upstream of a second and/or a third filter.

Abstract: Low molecular weight gelators, methods of making such gelators, organogels comprising such gelators and systems and methods of using such gelators for the containment and/or remediation of a release and/or spill of a crude oil, a petroleum product and/or a chemical is described. In exemplary systems and methods, gels and/or emulsions formed from the combination and/or contact of such gelators and at least one of a crude oil, a petroleum product and a chemical from a release and/or spill into the environment can be used to recover these oils or chemicals while allowing the gelators to be recovered and reused to clean up or contain additional crude oil, petroleum products or chemicals.

Abstract: A biguanide derivative compound with N1-N5 substitution, which is represented by Formula 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a method of preparing the same, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same as an active ingredient are provided. The biguanide derivative may exhibit excellent effect on activation of AMPK? and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation in a low dose, compared to conventional drugs, and thus, may be useful to treat diabetes mellitus, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, fatty liver, coronary artery disease, osteoporosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome, metabolic syndrome, cancer, etc.

Abstract: The present disclosure is a method and system for production of carboxylic based chemicals, including carboxylic acids and salts. A method for producing at oxalic acid may include receiving an anolyte feed at an anolyte region of an electrochemical cell including an anode and receiving a catholyte feed including carbon dioxide and an alkali metal hydroxide at a catholyte region of the electrochemical cell including a cathode. Method may include applying an electrical potential between the anode and cathode sufficient to reduce the carbon dioxide to at least one reduction product and converting the at least one reduction product and the alkali metal hydroxide to an alkali metal oxalate via a thermal reactor. The method may further include receiving the alkali metal oxalate at an electrochemical acidification electrolyzer and converting the alkali metal oxalate to oxalic acid at the electrochemical acidification electrolyzer.

Abstract: The present disclosure is a method and system for production of carboxylic based chemicals, including carboxylic acids and salts. A method for producing at oxalic acid may include receiving an anolyte feed at an anolyte region of an electrochemical cell including an anode and receiving a catholyte feed including carbon dioxide and an alkali metal hydroxide at a catholyte region of the electrochemical cell including a cathode. Method may include applying an electrical potential between the anode and cathode sufficient to reduce the carbon dioxide to at least one reduction product and converting the at least one reduction product and the alkali metal hydroxide to an alkali metal oxalate via a thermal reactor. The method may further include receiving the alkali metal oxalate at an electrochemical acidification electrolyzer and converting the alkali metal oxalate to oxalic acid at the electrochemical acidification electrolyzer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of detoxifying asbestos of waste slate. The method includes concentrating the asbestos by introducing hydrochloric acid aqueous solution into waste slate powder to dissolve and remove a limestone component contained in the waste slate; and mixing the concentrated asbestos with oxalic acid and performing a low-temperature heat treatment. The waste slate is crushed and pulverized and powder of the crushed and pulverized waste slate is formed in a size in a range of 100 meshes to 300 meshes. The detoxified asbestos includes re-crystallized magnesium oxalate having a rhombohedral or amorphous shape.

Abstract: A engineered composition and method of delivery of said composition providing effective therapy for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes a system and method for co-producing a first product and a second product. The system may include a first electrochemical cell, at least one second reactor, and an acidification chamber. The method and system for co-producing a first product and a second product may include co-producing a carboxylic acid and at least one of an alkene, alkyne, aldehyde, ketone, or an alcohol while employing a recycled halide salt.

Abstract: A method for producing a high-quality barium titanyl salt includes using, as the fluids to be treated, at least two kinds of fluids, namely, a barium titanium mixed solution that is obtained by dissolving both a barium compound and a titanium compound in a solvent, a compound solution that is obtained by dissolving, in a solvent, a compound capable of deposing the barium and titanium contained in the barium-titanium mixed solution into a barium titanyl salt, and if necessary, one or more other fluids; and mixing these fluids together in a thin film fluid formed at least between two treating surfaces and to form a barium titanyl salt. The treating surfaces are so arranged as to face each other in an approachable/separable state with one of the treating surfaces and being capable of turning relatively to the other.

Abstract: The present disclosure is a method and system for production of oxalic acid and oxalic acid reduction products. The production of oxalic acid and oxalic acid reduction products may include the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to oxalate and oxalic acid. The method and system for production of oxalic acid and oxalic acid reduction products may further include the acidification of oxalate to oxalic acid, the purification of oxalic acid and the hydrogenation of oxalic acid to produce oxalic acid reduction products.

Abstract: Monosubstituted oxalic acid derivatives of the general formula (I) [A]+[O—C(O)—C(O)—O—X???(I) Wherein the meaning is for [A]+ a cation made from an organic moiety A having a formally positively charged heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur X is a C1 to C30 organic residue and wherein the following compounds (I) are disclaimed: Tetramethylammonium monomethyloxalate Methyltri(alkyl)ammonium monomethyloxalate Trimethyl(1-hydroxyethyl)ammonium monomethyloxalate Methyltriethylammonium monomethyloxalate Tetraethylammonium monomethyloxalate n-Propyltriethylammonium mono-n-propyloxalate n-Butyltriethylammonium mono-n-butyloxalate Benzyltriethylammonium monobenzyloxalate cyclohexyldimethylammonium monomethyloxalate Dimethyl-phenylammonium monomethyloxalate.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes a system and method for co-producing a first product and a second product. The system may include a first electrochemical cell, at least one second reactor, and an acidification chamber. The method and system for co-producing a first product and a second product may include co-producing a carboxylic acid and at least one of an alkene, alkyne, aldehyde, ketone, or an alcohol while employing a recycled halide salt.

Abstract: Provided are crystalline forms of O-desmethylvenlafaxine fumarate, methods for their preparation, and pharmaceutical composition thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes a system and method for co-producing a first product and a second product. The system may include a first electrochemical cell, at least one second reactor, and an acidification chamber. The method and system for co-producing a first product and a second product may include co-producing a carboxylic acid and at least one of an alkene, alkyne, aldehyde, ketone, or an alcohol while employing a recycled halide salt.

Abstract: The present disclosure is a method and system for electrochemically co-producing a first product and a second product. The system may include a first electrochemical cell, a first reactor, a second electrochemical cell, at least one second reactor, and at least one third reactor. The method and system for for co-producing a first product and a second product may include co-producing a glycol and an alkene employing a recycled halide.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte usable in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries including a solution of LiPF6/carbonate based electrolytes with low concentrations of LiFOP such that the thermal stability is increased compared to a standard lithium battery. A method of making lithium tetrafluorophospahte (LiF4C2O4, LiFOP) including, reacting PF5 with lithium oxalate, recrystallizing DMC/dichloromethane from a 1:1 mixture of to separate LiF4OP from LiPF6 to form a lithium salt. An electric current producing rechargeable Li-ion cell. The rechargeable lithium ion cell includes an anode, a cathode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising a solution of a lithium salt in a non-aqueous organic solvent containing lithium tetrafluorooxalatophosphate (LiPF4(C2O4), LiF4OP).

Abstract: A new method for preparing salts of metal cations and organic acids, especially divalent salts of alkaline earth metal ions from group II of the periodic system and carboxylic acids. The method comprising the use of a high temperature (about 90° or more) and, optionally. high pressure, in order to obtain a higher yield, purity and faster reaction speed than obtained with known synthesis methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the production of strontium salts of carboxylic acids. Novel strontium salts are also provided by the present method.

Abstract: Provided are crystalline forms of O-desmethylvenlafaxine fumarate, methods for their preparation, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof.

Abstract: A system and method for passive capture of ammonia in an enclosure containing material that gives off ammonia. The invention allows for the passage of gaseous NH3 through microporous hydrophobic gas-permeable membranes and its capture in a circulated acidic solution with concomitant production of a concentrated non-volatile ammonium salt.

Abstract: Disclosed are new colchicine solid complexes, methods of making the solid complexes as well as formulation prepared therefrom and uses thereof.

Abstract: A method of sequestering a greenhouse gas is described, which comprises: (i) providing a solution carrying a first reagent that is capable of reacting with a greenhouse gas; (ii) contacting the solution with a greenhouse gas under conditions that promote a reaction between the at least first reagent and the greenhouse gas to produce at least a first reactant; (iii) providing a porous matrix having interstitial spaces and comprising at least a second reactant; (iv) allowing a solution carrying the at least first reactant to infiltrate at least a substantial portion of the interstitial spaces of the porous matrix under conditions that promote a reaction between the at least first reactant and the at least second reactant to provide at least a first product; and (v) allowing the at least first product to form and fill at least a portion of the interior spaces of the porous matrix, thereby sequestering a greenhouse gas.

Abstract: The present invention provides crystalline and amorphous salts of O-desmethylvenlafaxine and processes for preparing said salts of O-desmethylvenlafaxine. The present invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising said salts of O-desmethylvenlafaxine.

Abstract: A PEPCK inhibitor can include identifying a molecule that has a size capable of fitting into and interacting with the PEPCK binding site and at least one of the following: (a) a first terminal substituent having co-planar atoms acting as metal ligands to the active site metal ion PEPCK; (b) at least one of an atom or substituent at positions 2 or 3 from the first terminal substituent includes a neutral carbon center or include an oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or other atom with similar physiochemical properties; (c) at least one of an atom or substituent at positions 2 or 3 from the first terminal substituent is devoid of an electropositive atom or substituents; or (d) a second terminal substituent opposite of the first terminal substituent, said second terminal substituent having an atom that is a hydrogen boding acceptor and/or is negatively charged.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel salts of the active substance rasagiline. The salts show excellent processability even after prolonged storage and an excellent storage stability usually superior to known salts after being processed into tablets.

Abstract: There are provided organic acid anion containing aluminum salt hydroxide particles represented by the following general formula (I): Ma[Al1-xM?x]bAzBy(OH)n.mH2O??(I) (wherein M is at least one cation selected from the group consisting of Na+, K+, NH4+ and H3O+, M? is at least one metal cation selected from the group consisting of Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Sn4+, Zr4+, Fe2+, Fe3+ and Ti4+, A is at least one organic acid anion, B is at least one inorganic acid anion, and a, b, m, n, x, y and z satisfy 0.7?a?1.35, 2.7?b?3.3, 0?m?5, 4?n?7, 0?x?0.6, 1.7?y?2.4, and 0.001?z?0.5, respectively.) The particles are in the shape of grains, pairs, rectangular parallelepiped, disks (go stones), hexagonal plates, rice grains or cylinders and have a uniform particle diameter.

Abstract: Disclosed are new colchicine solid complexes, methods of making the solid complexes as well as formulations prepared therefrom and uses thereof.

Abstract: A new method for preparing salts of metal cations and organic acids, especially divalent salts of alkaline earth metal ions from group II of the periodic system and carboxylic acids. The method comprising the use of a high temperature (about 90° or more) and, optionally. high pressure, in order to obtain a higher yield, purity and faster reaction speed than obtained with known synthesis methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the production of strontium salts of carboxylic acids. Novel strontium salts are also provided by the present method.

Abstract: A compound represented by the general formula below or a salt thereof is a useful intermediate in the production of a [2-(3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohexyl)phenyl]piperazine compound that has excellent cell adhesion inhibitory effect and cell invasion inhibitory effect and therefore is useful as a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for various inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases induced by the adhesion and invasion of leukocytes, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (particularly ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease), irritable bowel syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, asthma and atopic dermatitis. wherein R1 and R2 independently represent hydrogen or a protecting group for an amino group, or R1 and R2 bond together to form an optionally substituted pyrrole ring.

Abstract: A process for treating organic material, separating calcium and recovering phosphorus and to utilization of the obtained products and their use as a soil conditioner and a fertilizer as well as for providing carbon dioxide traps in gas cleaning. In the process, organic ingredients are separated from calcium-phosphate-containing ingredients, the calcium-phosphate-containing ingredients are dissolved in an acid-containing solution and/or the calcium is precipitated as a salt corresponding to the acid, and optionally phosphoric acid formed from a phosphate ion is separated. The invention also relates to a calcium-carbonate-containing product and a phosphoric-acid containing product, which are prepared by the process of the invention.

Abstract: A method of producing a near-infrared absorbing dye compound, useful for image forming materials, infrared heat-sensitive recording devices, optical film materials, and the like, containing a process of reacting a compound represented by formula (I) with peroxomonosulfuric acid or its salt. wherein R111, R112, R121, R122, R131, R132, R141 and R142 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group or an aromatic group; R103, R113, R123, R133 and R143 each independently represent a substituent; and n103, n113, n123, n133 and n143 each independently denote an integer from 0 to 4.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of oxalic acid dihydrate in which an aqueous solution of sodium oxalate is contacted with hydrochloric acid and the resulting mixture then cooled to precipitate oxalic acid, followed by optional recovery and recycling of the sodium oxalate and hydrochloric acid into the reaction chamber.

Abstract: This invention concerns a compound formed from a tertiary amine-carboxylic acid salt, where the carboxylic acid and tertiary amine are selected such that the catalyst salt is blocked at room temperature and becomes unblocked at an elevated temperature. The compound is useful as a heat activated urethane catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of oxalic acid dihydrate in which an aqueous solution of sodium oxalate is contacted with hydrochloric acid and the resulting mixture then cooled to precipitate oxalic acid, followed by optional recovery and recycling of the sodium oxalate and hydrochloric acid into the reaction chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a melanin concentrating hormone antagonist compound of Formula I: (I) wherein Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, L1, L2 and Q areas defined, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, enantiomer or mixture of diastereomers thereof useful in the treatment, prevention or amelioration of symptoms associated with obesity and Related Diseases

Abstract: Chiral hydroxyethylamine, hydroxyethylurea or hydroxyethylsulfonamide isostere containing retroviral protease and renin inhibitors can be prepared by multi-step syntheses that utilize key chiral amine intermediates. This invention is a cost effective method of obtaining such key chiral amine intermediates enantiomerically, diastereomerically and chemically pure. The method is suitable for large scale (multikilogram) productions. This invention also encompasses organic acid and inorganic acid salts of the amine intermediates.

Abstract: Chiral hydroxyethylamine, hydroxyethylurea or hydroxyethylsulfonamide isostere containing retroviral protease and renin inhibitors can be prepared by multi-step syntheses that utilize key chiral amine intermediates. This invention is a cost effective method of obtaining such key chiral amine intermediates enantiomerically, diastereomerically and chemically pure. The method is suitable for large scale (multikilogram) productions. This invention also encompasses organic acid and inorganic acid salts of the amine intermediates.

Abstract: A process for recovering carboxylic acids from an aqueous mixture such as a fermentation broth using a solvent containing at least one olefin without the need for first removing the spent microorganism cells is provided. A co-solvent which increases the partition coefficient of the solvent relative to the carboxylic acid may optionally be included.

Abstract: A method of making a cesium salt is described and involves reacting a cesium sulfate containing solution with lime to form 1) a solution containing at least cesium hydroxide and 2) a residue comprising calcium sulfate. The method further involves removing the residue from the solution and converting the cesium hydroxide that is present in the solution to at least one type of cesium salt. The present invention further relates to uses of the cesium salt as well as methods of making cesium hydroxide using lime. Also, methods of making alkali metal salts and alkali metal hydroxides are also described.

Abstract: Dicarboxylic acid crystals are prepared from a solution containing at least one organic dicarboxylic acid in a process in which at least one anionic polyelectrolyte having a molecular weight of at least 2000 is added to the solution before or during the crystallization.

Abstract: A solution process for the purification of calcium hydroxide, particularly from hydrated carbide lime, which is subsequently used as a feed stock for a high-value calcium product, preferably calcium carbonate. Precipitated calcium carbonate is formed by reaction of the purified calcium hydroxide solution with carbon dioxide in a plug-flow reaction system.

Abstract: Wood preservative systems comprising (a) a biocidal effective amount of (i) at least one di C.sub.8 -C.sub.12 alkyl quaternary ammonium carboxylate having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are a C.sub.8 -C.sub.12 alkyl group; R.sup.3 is a substituted or unsubstituted, interrupted or uninterrupted C.sub.1 -C.sub.100 group; l and q independently are 1, 2 or 3 and (l) (q) is 1, 2, or 3; and n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 50; (ii) at least one di C.sub.8 -C.sub.12 alkyl quaternary ammonium borate having the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are defined as above, and a is 2 or 3, but when a is 2, b is 0 or 1, and when a is 3, b is 0, 1, or 2; or (iii) a combination of (i) and (ii); and (b) a solvent are provided. These carboxylate quats as well as carboxylate quats wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl group and R.sup.2 is a C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 alkyl group are preferably prepared by an indirect or a direct synthesis.

Abstract: A solution process for the purification of calcium hydroxide, particularly from hydrated carbide lime, which is subsequently used as a feed stock for a high-value calcium product, preferably calcium carbonate. Precipitated calcium carbonate is formed by reaction of the purified calcium hydroxide solution with carbon dioxide in a plug-flow reaction system.

Abstract: An alkoxyphenylalkylamine derivative represented by the following formula: ##STR1## (wherein X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 may be either the same or different from each other and each represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and substituted with a phenyl group; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be either the same or different from each other and each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms and substituted with "a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group or an alkoxycarbonyl group" at the end, or, R.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds which are tetrahydronaphthalene derivatives of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an unbranched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) alkoxy group, a (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl) (C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkoxy) group or an aryl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkoxy) group,R.sub.2 represents a (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl group, an aryl group optionally substituted with at least one methoxy group, a pyridyl group or a benzodioxanyl group,R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a (C.sub.1 -C.sub.2) alkyl group, and n=0 to 3, or are addition salts with pharmaceutically acceptable acids. The compounds of the invention have anti-ischaemic activity.

Abstract: A method of preparing carboxylic acids or esters thereof by the oxidative cleavage of unsaturated fatty acids or esters thereof is carried out in a two-phase aqueous-organic system in which the organic phase contains the unsaturated fatty acid and/or the esters thereof and the aqueous phase contains hydrogen peroxide. The oxidative cleavage is carried out in the presence of a catalytic system including a catalyst belonging to the group constituted by tungstic and molybdic acids and alkaline salts thereof, and an onium salt which acts as a phase-transfer agent for the catalyst, and has the formula:(R.sub.2 R.sub.3 R.sub.4 R.sub.5 M).sup.+ Y.sup.-in which R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 represent hydrocarbon groups of which at least one must have more than 10 carbon atoms,M is N or P, andY.sup.- is an inorganic anion.

Abstract: Guanidine oxalate is used as a precipitating agent in the coprecipitation of multicomponent oxide powder precursors. A solution of a soluble inorganic salt is combined with a solution of guanidine oxalate. A resultant metal oxalate is precipitated from the solution and can thereafter be subjected to heat to convert the metal oxalate into a multicomponent ceramic powder.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for recovering oxalate from oxalate containing solutions containing complexes of iron and chromium. The method involves adjusting the pH of the solution to from about 1 to 2, adding calcium chloride in an amount equal to at least about 3 moles per mole of iron, and digesting the resulting calcium chloride treated solution at at least about 50.degree. C. for a sufficient time to form a solid consisting esssentially of calcium oxalate, followed by separating the solid from the resulting mother liquor.

Abstract: Oxalylhydroxamic acid derivatives of the formula IR.sup.1 --ON(R.sup.2)--CO--CO--X--R.sup.3 I,where the substituents have the following meanings:X is oxygen or sulfur;R.sup.1 issubstituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl;substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl or cycloalkylmethyl;substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl;R.sup.2 is hydrogen or alkyl;R.sup.3 issubstituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl;substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl;substituted or unsubstituted phenyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or phenoxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl;and their agriculturally useful salts; their manufacture; growth-regulating agents containing them; and methods of regulating plant growth.

Abstract: A process for producing oxalic acid, sodium oxalate or mixtures thereof comprises treating crude sodium oxalate solids or slurry, such as produced by the Bayer process in treating bauxite. The crude sodium oxalate solids or slurry include at least aluminum metal ions as well as other metal ions common to the Bayer process.