Abstract: Upon recovering a fluorochemical surfactant from a fluorochemical-containing aqueous solution, there is provided a method for recovering the fluorochemical surfactant from the aqueous solution containing the surfactant. In the method, the fluorochemical surfactant is recovered by subjecting the aqueous solution containing the fluorochemical surfactant to a filtration treatment step with a reverse osmosis membrane so as to obtain from the aqueous solution, a concentrated aqueous solution in which the concentration of the fluorochemical surfactant is increased.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a fluoroalkylcarboxylic acid of the formula RfCOOH wherein Rf is a C1-16 fluoroalkyl group, which comprises oxidizing a fluoroalkyl alcohol of the formula RfCH2OH wherein Rf is as defined above using nitric acid. The process according to the present invention produces a fluoroalkylcarboxylic acid with high selectivity at low costs.

Abstract: Sulfonamide-containing hydroxyethylamine compounds are effecive as retroviral protease inhibitors, and in particular as inhibitors of HIV protease.

Abstract: Ionic compounds with a freezing point of up to 100° C. are formed by the reaction of an one amine salt of formula (I) R1R2R3R4N+X−, such as choline chloride with an organic compound (II) capable of forming a hydrogen bond with X; such as urea, wherein the molar ration of I to II is from 1:1.5 to 1:2.5. R1, R2, R3 and R4 may be H, optionally substituted C1 to C5 alkyl, optionally substituted C6 to C10 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C6 to C12 aryl, optionally substituted C7 to C12 alkaryl, or R1 and R2 taken together may represent a C4 to C10 optionally substituted alkylene group, thereby forming with the N atom of formula I a 5 to 11-membered heterocyclic ring and all of R1, R2, R3 and R4 are not identical, X− may be NO3−, F, Cl−, Br−, I−, BF4−, ClO4−, CN−, SO3CF3−, or COOCF3−. The ionic compounds are useful as solvents, and electrolytes for example in electroplating, electrowinning, and electropolishing, and as catalysts.

Abstract: Fluorinated emulsifiers can be recovered from an aqueous phase containing small amounts of fluoropolymer particles by treating the aqueous phase with a small amount of a nonionic surface-active agent, bringing the aqueous phase adjusted in this way into contact with an anionic exchanger resin, and liberating the adsorbed emulsifier from the exchanger resin. The finely divided fluoropolymer can be precipitated quantitatively in the untreated aqueous phase or the eluate using flocculating agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fluorination method for the synthesis of halofluoroorganic compounds which can be used, inter alia, as precursors in the synthesis of 2,3-unsaturated fluoroorganic carbonyl compounds comprising a fluorine substituent in the 2 position.

Abstract: Fluorinated emulsifier acids can be isolated from wastewater by firstly removing fine solids and/or material which can be converted into fine solids from the wastewater, preferably by precipitation, subsequently bringing the wastewater into contact with an anion-exchange resin and eluting the adsorbed emulsifier acids from the latter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for removing fluorinated emulsifying agent acids from waste waters, characterized in that the finely dispersed solids in the waste water are stabilized with a nonionic or cationic surfactant or an analogous acting surface active substance, the fluorinated emulsifying agent acids are subsequently bonded on an anion exchange resin and the fluorinated emulsifying agent acids are eluted from the latter.

Abstract: The invention concerns a selective hydrodehalogenation method characterised in that it comprises a step which consists in contacting a substrate including a sp 3 hybridisation carbon atom bearing an electro-attracting group and at least a fluorine atom, and a halogen atom heavier than fluorine, with a reagent comprising: an aqueous phase, a base, a group VIII metal as hydrogenation catalyst, and hydrogen dissolved in the aqueous phase, at a concentration in equilibrium with a gas phase whereof the partial pressure in hydrogen is not less than 50 kPa, advantageously ranging between 50 kPa and 2.10 7 Pa. The invention is applicable to organic synthesis.

Abstract: Fluorinated carboxylic acid, used as a surfactant in fluoropolymerization in aqueous media, can be recovered by scrubbing from the exhaust gas of the dryer during polymer drying and, after concentration and treatment with alumina, directly reused in fluoropolymerization in aqueous media.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nucleophilic reagent which is useful for grafting a substituted difluoromethyl group onto a compound containing at least one electrophilic function, or for the synthesis of oxysulphide-containing and fluorine-containing organic derivatives, wherein said reagent comprises: a) a fluorocarboxylic acid of formula Ew—CF2—COOH where Ew represents an electron-withdrawing atom or group, at least partially salified with an organic or inorganic cation, and b) a polar aprotic solvent; and in that the content of releasable protons carried by its various components, including their impurities, is at most equal to half the initial molar concentration of the said fluorocarboxylic acid. A synthetic process uses this reagent by heating in order to graft a substituted difluoromethyl group onto various compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of formula I or pharmaceutical acceptable salts thereof wherein R1 is C4-12 alkyl, C4-12 alkenyl, C4-12 alkynyl, —(CH2)h—C3-8 cycloalkyl, substituted and unsubstituted —(CH2)h-aryl, substituted and unsubstituted —(CH2)h-het, R2 is substituted and unsubstituted C1-12 alkyl, substituted and unsubstituted C2-12 alkenyl, substituted and unsubstituted C2-12 alkynyl, substituted and unsubstituted —(CH2)h—C3-8 cycloalkyl, substituted and unsubstituted —(CH2)h—C3-8 cycloalkenyl, substituted and unsubstituted —(CH2)h-aryl, substituted and unsubstituted —(CH2)h-heterocyclic ring, substituted and unsubstituted —(CH2)i—X—R4 (X is —O—, —S(═O)j—, —NR7—, —S(═O)2NR8—, or —C(═O)—), and —(CH2)iCHR5R6. The compounds are inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases involved in tissue degradation.

Abstract: A process that can be used for isolating a fluorinated alkanoic acid from an aqueous solution also containing inorganic fluorides is provided. This process comprises (A) acidifying an aqueous solution comprising an ammonium or metal salt of a fluorinated alkanoic acid to produce an acidified solution, (B) heating the acidified solution to produce an organic layer and an aqueous layer, (C) separating and recovering the organic layer from the aqueous layer, (D) optionally washing the organic layer with an acid solution, (E) optionally isolating the fluorinated alkanoic acid, and (F) further optionally converting the fluorinated alkanoic acid to its ammonium or alkali metal salt.

Abstract: Esters and other carboxylic acid derivatives of 3,3,4,4-tetrahydroperfluoroalkylcarboxylic acids are made by the iron promoted reaction of an ester of bromodifluoroacetic acid or other carboxylic acid derivatives and a (perfluoroalkyl)ethylene. The resulting products may be converted to the corresponding alkali metal or ammonium carboxylate slits which are useful as surfactants in fluoroolefin polymerizations.

Abstract: Novel mixtures of perfluoroalkyl halides and derivatives thereof are described. These mixtures contain some compounds with a straight perfluoroalkyl group and some with a branched perfluoroalkyl group. Methods of preparation and use are also described.

Abstract: A process that can be used for isolating a fluorinated alkanoic acid from an aqueous solution also containing inorganic fluorides is provided. This process comprises (A) acidifying an aqueous solution comprising an ammonium salt of a fluorinated alkanoic acid to produce an acidified solution, (B) heating the acidified solution to produce an organic layer and an aqueous layer, (C) separating and recovering the organic layer from the aqueous layer, (D) optionally washing the organic layer with an acid solution, (E) optionally isolating the fluorinated alkanoic acid, and (F) further optionally converting the fluorinated alkanoic acid to its ammonium salt.

Abstract: The process for the recovery of highly fluorinated carboxylic acids from off-gas streams, in which the off-gas is brought into contact with an alkaline washing solution of density >1.15 g/cm3 so that the salt of the highly fluorinated carboxylic acid settles out as a separate phase, proceeds particularly advantageously when the alkaline washing solution is a potassium carbonate solution.

Abstract: The invention has disclosed a trifluoroacetoxylation agent and a preparation process of the agent, which is safe and ease to handle, very useful in industry, and represented by the formula (1); wherein R1 to R4 are a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group and can be the same or different, R1 and R2 or R3 and R4 can bond to form a ring containing a nitrogen atom or a nitrogen atom and other hetero atoms, and R1 and R3 can bond to form a ring containing a nitrogen atom or a nitrogen atom and other hetero atoms.

Abstract: It has been discovered that it is possible to produce enantioselectively, a chiral 2-haloalkanoic acid or salt thereof, by subjecting a 2-halo-&agr;,&bgr;-alkenoic acid or salt, e.g., a 2-haloacrylic acid or salt, to asymmetric hydrogenation in the presence of an enantiometrically-enriched (BINAP)Ru(II) catalyst. In contrast to asymmetric hydrogenation of olefinic compounds having an electron rich, electropositive substituent in the 2-position, the substituent in the 2-position is an electronegative, electron-withdrawing halide substituent. The reaction is accelerated by inclusion of an alkali metal halide or quaternary ammonium halide in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Process for preparing dichlorofluoroacetylfluoride (CFCl.sub.2 COF) comprising the following steps:a) fluorination with hydrofluoric acid (HF) of the trichloroacetyl halide in a fixed or fluidized tubular bed reactor, filled with fluorination catalysts and having a temperature profile between the inlet of the reactants and the outlet of the reaction products, in the range from 175.degree. C. to 275.degree. C.b) distillation of the reaction products with trichloroacetylfluoride recycle and recovery of a mixture formed by HF and CFCl.sub.2 COF;c) separation of the HF/CFCl.sub.2 COF mixture components by cooling at temperatures lower than -10.degree. C., and optionally the HF recycle.

Abstract: Novel fluorine-containing carboxylic acid compounds of formula (II) are provided that can be reacted together with a base to produce industrially useful 3-(2-chloro-2-fluorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropanecarboxylic acid compounds of formula (I). The fluorine-containing containing carboxylic acid compounds of formula (II), if so desired, can be produced by reacting together a carboxylic acid compound of formula (III) and trichlorofluoromethane. In each of the formulas (I), (II), and (III), R is a lower alkyl group or a hydrogen atom.

Abstract: Mesogens are provided based on substituted unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic and methacrylic acid. Substitution of a variety of hydrophobic tails onto the carboxylic acid or acid derivative via the vinyl carbon proximal to the carbonyl of the carboxylic acid results in mesogens that are capable of forming thermotropic and single-phase lyotropic mesophases over a broad range of compositions. The mesophases can be polymerized to lock in the ordered phases.

Abstract: Mesogens are provided based on substituted unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic and methacrylic acid. Substitution of a variety of hydrophobic tails onto the carboxylic acid or acid derivative via the vinyl carbon proximal to the carbonyl of the carboxylic acid results in mesogens that are capable of forming thermotropic and single-phase lyotropic mesophases over a broad range of compositions. The mesophases can be polymerized to lock in the ordered phases.

Abstract: A partially-fluorinated surfactant having internal methylene groups and having the formula R.sub.f --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --R'.sub.f --COOM wherein m is 1-3, R.sub.f is perfluoroalkyl or perfluoroalkoxy, containing 3-8 carbon atoms, R'.sub.f is linear or branched perfluoroalkylene containing 1-4 carbon atoms, and M is NH.sub.4, Li, Na, K, or H is useful in polymerization of fluorinated monomers. High molecular weight can be achieved in homopolymerization of tetrafluoroethylene.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and a nucleophilic reagent which is useful for grafting a substituted difluoromethyl group onto a compound containing at least one electrophilic function, characterized in that it comprises:a) a fluorocarboxylic acid of formula Ew--CF.sub.2 --COOH where Ew represents an electron-withdrawing atom or group, at least partially salified with an organic or inorganic cation, andb) a polar aprotic solvent;and in that the content of releasable protons carried by its various components, including their impurities, is at most equal to half the initial molar concentration of the said fluorocarboxylic acid.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a method for liquid phase fluorination for perfluorination of a wide variety of hydrogen-containing compounds.

Abstract: Certain fluoroalkanoic acids and derivatives, including 2-fluoroisobutyric acid and 2-fluoroisobutyryl chloride, useful as intermediates for fungicides, and methods of preparing them.

Abstract: A method for preparing difluoroacetic acid fluoride, which comprises reacting a 1-alkoxy-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane of the formula HCF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 OR.sup.1 wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group in a gas phase in the presence of a metal oxide catalyst.

Abstract: Fluorinated alkene compounds useful for controlling nematodes, insects, and acarids that prey on agricultural crops, these compounds having the formula BrCF.sub.2 CFClCH.sub.2 CO--R where R is R.sub.1 or R.sub.2. R.sub.1 is --SR.sub.5, halogen, --NHOH or --NR.sub.5 R.sub.6, where R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are independently H; an aliphatic or aromatic group; an aliphatic amine group; an aliphatic carboxylic acid group; or R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 when taken with the N of R.sub.1 are an amino acid or a cyclic group or R.sub.1 is --OR.sub.5, where R.sub.5 is an aliphatic or aromatic group; an aliphatic amine group; or an aliphatic carboxylic acid group. R.sub.2 is --SR.sub.5 or --NR.sub.5 R.sub.6, where R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are independently H; an aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic group; an aliphatic amine group; an aliphatic carboxylic acid group; R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 when taken with the N of R.sub.2 are an amino acid or a cyclic group; R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 when taken with the N of R.sub.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a method for liquid-phase fluorination for perfluorination of a wide variety of hydrogen-containing compounds.

Abstract: An electro-sensitive composition comprising a fluorine compound having a predetermined structure, and an electrically insulating medium capable of dissolving this fluorine compound when a voltage is applied thereto, is disclosed. This electro-sensitive composition has a straight chain or cyclic fluorocarbon, and fluorine compound particles possessing dissociable polarity, dispersed in an electrically insulating medium; by means of the application of a voltage to this electro-sensitive composition, the transparency and viscosity thereof can be easily adjusted.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a compound which imparts a sufficient water repellency and a suitable oil repellency to substrates such as a fiber, a paper, a wood material, a hide, a leather, a resin, a glass, a metal, etc.The compound of the present invention is a fluoroalkylcarboxylic acid of the general formula (I), and its derivative of the general formula (II) (e.g. fluoroalkyl alcohol, fluoroalkyl carboxylic acid chloride, fluoroalkylcarboxylic acid amide and fluoroalkylamine).

Abstract: Fluorinated carboxylic acids can be recovered from materials which contain them by releasing, if necessary, the carboxylic acids with sufficiently strong acids, esterifying the released acids and distilling off the esters. The esters can be advantageously directly hydrolyzed with aqueous ammonia solution to give the corresponding ammonium salts.

Abstract: A process for the production of an optically active carboxylic acid (I), which comprises subjecting an olefinic carboxylic acid (II) to asymmetric hydrogenation using a complex as a catalyst consisting of an optically active phosphine (III) and a ruthenium compound.Complex of ##STR1## with a ruthenium compound ##STR2## According to the process of the present invention, optically active carboxylic acids can be produced with high yield.

Abstract: A process for preparing compounds corresponding to the formula RCFXC(O)Cl, in which X is fluorine or chlorine and R is fluorine or a perfluorinated C1- C10-alkyl group, preferably chlorodifluoroacetyl chloride, by photochemical oxidation of R122 (CF.sub.2 ClCHCl.sub.2) and the preparation of trifluoroacetyl chloride by photochemical oxidation of R123 (CF.sub.3 CHCl.sub.2) with oxygen under irradiation. The reaction is preferably carried out without pressurization and without addition of elemental chlorine.

Abstract: This invention pertains to perfluoropolyethers and perhalogenated chlorofluoropolyethers that can be prepared by fluorinating addition polymers made by polymerizing epoxides.

Abstract: Antistatic agents and their use in processing textiles or formed plastic substrates. The antistatic agent comprises a compound having a fluorocarbon moiety and an ethoxylated quaternary ammonium moiety. The antistatic composition increases the electrolytic conductivity of textile or plastic materials treated therewith, thereby increasing the rate of electrostatic charge dissipation thereof. The coatings remain effective after exposure of the treated substrate to an aqueous environment.

Abstract: Provided is a process for the production of 2-fluoroisobutyric acid or its ester, which comprises reacting 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid or its ester with thionyl chloride and a hydrogen fluoride source.

Abstract: Antistatic agents and their use in processing textiles or formed plastic substrates. The antistatic agent comprises a compound having a fluorocarbon moiety and an ethoxylated quaternary ammonium moiety. The antistatic composition increases the electrolytic conductivity of treated textile or plastic materials, thereby increasing the rate of electrostatic charge dissipation thereof. The antistatic agents remain effective after exposure of the treated substrate to an aqueous environment.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a method for liquid phase fluorination for perfluorination of a wide variety of hydrogen-containing compounds.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a method for liquid phase fluorination for perfluorination of a wide variety of hydrogen-containing compounds.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a method for liquid phase fluorination for perfluorination of a wide variety of hydrogen-containing compounds.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a method for liquid phase fluorination for perfluorination of a wide variety of hydrogen-containing compounds.

Abstract: Fluorinated carboxylic acids which do not have the required purity for use as emulsifier in the polymerization of fluorinated monomers can, if necessary after prior de-watering, be treated with oxidants, whereupon the isolation of the pure product is carried out by crystallisation or, preferably, by distillation.

Abstract: A process for preparing halogenated compounds of formula RCY(Z)CH.sub.2 CH(X)C(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 COR.sup.1 where X, Y and Z are halo, R is alkyl, halo, haloalkyl or aryl, and R.sup.1 is hydroxy, halo, alkoxy, alkyl or haloalkyl, or the residue of a pyrethroidal alcohol, in which a compound of formula CH.sub.2 =CHC(CH.sub.3).sub.2 COR.sup.1 is reacted with a sulphonyl halide of formula RCY(Z)SO.sub.2 X. The process avoids the use of volatile halocarbons in the production of valuable intermediates for insecticides.

Abstract: A process for separating acetone, dichloromethane and trifluoroacetic acid from a mixture of acetone, dichloromethane, and a trifluoroacetic acid/acetone azeotropeby (1) fractionally distilling the mixture of acetone, dichloromethane, and the trifluoroacetic acid/acetone azeotrope;(2) fractionally distilling the mixture of the trifluoroacetic acid/acetone azeotrope and free acetone;(3) adding at least about 16 parts of water to the trifluoroacetic acid/acetone azeotrope per 100 parts by volume of the trifluoroacetic acid/acetone azeotrope;(4) fractionally distilling the mixture of free acetone and the water/trifluoroacetic acid azeotrope;(5) adding at least about 10 parts of sulfuric acid to the water/trifluoroacetic acid azeotrope per 100 parts by volume of the water/trifluoroacetic acid azeotrope;(6) fractionally distilling the mixture of trifluoroacetic acid and the water/sulfuric acid complex.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of fluorinated carbonyl compounds from a fluorinated methyl or ethyl ether using tin tetrachloride as a catalyst. The fluorinated ether is contacted with the tin tetrachloride catalyst at a temperature between 0.degree. C. and 250.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl; ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2 is lower alkyl; R.sub.3 is phenyl, or phenyl substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, lower alkyl, and lower alkoxy; and R.sub.4 is hydrogen or methyl or the corresponding hydroxy acid of formula ##STR3## and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are as described above; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said acid, a C.sub.1-4 alkyl ester of said acid, an acetylamino-substituted-C.sub.1-4 alkyl ester of said acid, a phenyl-dimethylamino ester of said acid or a .alpha.-monoglyceride of said acid.The compounds of formulas I and II are useful as agents for the treatment of hyperproliferative skin diseases such as psoriasis.

Abstract: Flotation aids, for use in ore flotation and beneficiation processes, comprising polyamines in the presence of fluorosubstituted organic compounds, either mixed therewith or at least partially-neutralized thereby, such that the resulting compositions separate silicate impurities and the like while also modifying and/or suppressing the froth generated. The synergistic nature of such compositions, certain embodiments of which are structurally novel, provide a cost-effective route to higher yields and increased production rates.

Abstract: A 2-fluoroisobutyric acid ester can be obtained at a high yield in one pot by reacting a 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid ester with fluorosulfuric acid in the absence or presence of a hydrogen fluoride source, or by reacting a 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid ester with chlorosulfuric acid in the presence of a hydrogen fluoride source.