Abstract: The invention describes a process for the production of aromatic amines by the catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds, with the process being characterized by at least one catalytic hydrogenation step and the catalyst consists at least of a monolithic support and a catalytically active coating.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing fluorinated anilines starting from the corresponding chlorinated anilines, and also to the use of the fluorinated anilines.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of preparing amine stereoisomers, which comprises stereoselectively reducing a sulfinylimine that bears on the sulfinyl group a residue of an alcohol, thiol or amine, or reacting a sulfinylimine stereoisomer that bears on the sulfinyl group a residue of an alcohol, thiol or amine with a source of a nucleophile, to afford a sulfinylamine stereoisomer, followed by contacting the sulfinylamine stereoisomer with a reagent suitable for the cleavage of a sulfur-nitrogen bond, to afford an amine stereoisomer. It also provides novel intermediates useful in the method, and the use of certain of the intermediates in the preparation of sulfoxide and sulfinylamine stereoisomers.

Abstract: In the process of the present invention, xylylenediamine and/or cyanobenzylamine is produced by a catalytic liquid-phase hydrogenation of a phthalonitrile compound. The liquid-phase hydrogenation is performed by controlling the concentration of a benzamide compound to a specific level or lower. In a preferred embodiment, the concentration of a benzoic acid compound is further controlled to a specific level or lower. By the process, xylylenediamine and/or cyanobenzylamine is produced at high yields and the catalyst life is prolonged.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a continuous hydrogenation process in which a hydrogenable compound is dissolved in a working solution with hydrogen and a heterogeneous catalyst. At least part of the hydrogen-containing waste hydrogenation gas generated in the reaction is compressed and then recycled into the hydrogenation reactor. A jet pump is used for the compression of the waste hydrogenation gas and a liquid or gaseous feedstock of the hydrogenation process is used as the motive agent. Preferred motive agents are the hydrogenation gas or a working solution recycled into the process. The process is particularly suitable for performing the hydrogenation step in the anthraquinone process for the production of hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: In the process of the present invention for producing a xylylenediamine by a liquid-phase hydrogenation of a dicyanobenzene in the presence of a catalyst, the catalyst having its activity decreased during the course of use in the hydrogenation is reactivated and a pressure drop through a fixed bed catalyst layer is got rid of, thereby regenerating the catalyst for reuse in the subsequent hydrogenation of the dicyanobenzene to produce the xylylenediamine. The catalyst is regenerated by brought into contact with a hydrogen-containing gas under controlled temperature conditions.

Abstract: This invention encompasses novel methods of preparing sibutramine and sibutramine derivatives, and stereomerically pure sibutramine derivatives in particular. Examples of sibutramine derivatives include, but are not limited to, sibutramine metabolites such as desmethylsibutramine and didesmethylsibutramine. The invention further encompasses novel compounds useful in the synthesis of sibutramine derivatives.

Abstract: There are disclosed imine compounds of formula (7) and (11), and processes for preparing the same:

Abstract: In the method of the present invention, xylylenediamine is produced by a two-stage hydrogenation of a dicyanobenzene compound. In a first stage (a), the hydrogenation is performed until a conversion of nitrile groups reaches 90 mol % or higher and less than 99.9 mol %. In a second stage (b), the hydrogenation is further continued at temperatures 10° C. or more higher than in the step (a) until the conversion of nitrile groups reaches a level which is higher than that attained in the step (a) and equal to 99.5 mol % or more. In the present invention, a highly pure xylylenediamine containing a minimized amount of cyanobenzylamine is efficiently produced in a simple manner without needing a specific purification, and also without deteriorating the use efficiency of the catalyst while reducing the amount of the dicyanobenzene compound remaining not reacted and the generation of the intermediate cyanobenzylamine.

Abstract: A process for the hydrogenation of imines with hydrogen under elevated pressure in the presence of iridium catalysts and with or without an inert solvent, wherein the reaction mixture contains an ammonium or metal chloride, bromide or iodide and additionally an acid.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of formula I, 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the hydrogenation of nitrile functional groups to amine functional groups. It relates more particularly to a process for the complete or partial hydrogenation of dinitrile compounds to diamine or aminonitrile compounds. The invention relates to a process for the hydrogenation of nitrile functional groups to amine functional groups using hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst and of a strong inorganic base preferably deriving from an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. According to the invention, the process comprises a stage of conditioning the catalyst which consists in mixing the hydrogenation catalyst, a predetermined amount of strong inorganic base and a solvent in which the strong inorganic base is not very soluble. This solvent is an amine compound, such as hexamethylenediamine in the case of the hydrogenation of adiponitrile to HMD and/or aminocapronitrile.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing primary amines by hydrogenating nitrites in the presence of a catalyst comprising cobalt and optionally, in addition, nickel and also at least one further doping metal on a particulate support material, the cobalt and, if present, the nickel having an average particle size of from 3 to 30 nm in the active catalyst. The invention further relates to the use of the catalyst in a process for preparing primary amines by hydrogenating nitrites.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of a dinitronaphthalene isomer mixture, in which naphthalene and/or 1-nitronaphthalene is reacted with nitric acid in the presence of a zeolite.

Abstract: Liquid antiozonant mixtures obtained from the process comprising simultaneously reacting at least one unsubstituted and/or substituted paraphenylenediamine compound with a carbonyl compound mixture comprising acetone and at least one other carbonyl compound selected from the group consisting of ketones containing from 4 to about 12 carbon atoms, aldehydes containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof in the presence of a reductive alkylation catalyst is provided. Rubber compositions containing the liquid antiozonant mixtures is also provided.

Abstract: Liquid antiozonant mixtures obtained from the process comprising simultaneously reacting at least one unsubstituted and/or substituted paraphenylenediamine compound with a carbonyl compound mixture comprising acetone and at least one other carbonyl compound selected from the group consisting of ketones containing from 4 to about 12 carbon atoms, aldehydes containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof in the presence of a reductive alkylation catalyst is provided. Rubber compositions containing the liquid antiozonant mixtures is also provided.

Abstract: In the process of the present invention for producing a xylylenediamine by a liquid-phase hydrogenation of a dicyanobenzene in the presence of a catalyst, the catalyst having its activity decreased during the course of use in the hydrogenation is reactivated and a pressure drop through a fixed bed catalyst layer is got rid of, thereby regenerating the catalyst for reuse in the subsequent hydrogenation of the dicyanobenzene to produce the xylylenediamine. The catalyst is regenerated by brought into contact with a hydrogen-containing gas under controlled temperature conditions.

Abstract: An amino group of an &agr;-amino acid ester is protected as an imine, and it is then reacted with a halomethyllithium to obtain an N-protected-&agr;-aminohalomethylketone. Further, this N-protected-&agr;-aminohalomethylketone is treated with an acid to obtain an &agr;-aminohalomethylketone. This process is suited for industrial production, and can produce an &agr;-aminohalomethylketone and its related compounds economically and efficiently.

Abstract: Nitriles are hydrogenated to primary amines over an activated, alpha-Al2O3-containing, macroporous Raney catalyst based on an alloy of aluminum and at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt and nickel, and, if desired, one or more further transition metals selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, chromium and manganese, which is obtainable by a process comprising the steps in the order (a)-(f): (a) preparing a kneadable composition comprising the alloy, a shaping aid, water and a pore former; (b) shaping the kneadable composition to form a shaped body; (c) calcining the shaped body; (d) activating the calcined shaped body by treatment with aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution; (e) rinsing the shaped catalyst body with aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution; (f) rinsing the shaped catalyst body with water.

Abstract: There are disclosed are A diastereomer salt of formula (1): a process for producing the same, a process for producing optically active 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionic acid of formula (2′): a novel optically active amine compound of formula (4): a novel optically active amine compound of formula (8): an imine compound of formula (7) or (11):

Abstract: In a method for producing xylylenediamine by hydrogenating phthalonitrile separated from a gas produced by causing xylene to react with ammonia and oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst, (1) the gas is brought into contact with an organic solvent to trap phthalonitrile; (2) a liquid in which phthalonitrile is trapped is distilled, to thereby recover phthalonitrile and the organic solvent from the top of the column and separate at the bottom of the column impurities having boiling points higher than that of phthalonitrile; (3) the organic solvent is recovered from the top of the column and liquefied phthalonitrile of high purity is recovered at the bottom of the column; and (4) the phthalonitrile is hydrogenated after mixing with liquid ammonia and at least one solvent selected from aromatic hydrocarbon and saturated hydrocarbon. Thus, high-purity phthalonitrile is produced at high yield industrially efficiently.

Abstract: Processes for the preparation of Venlafaxine (IX) via the novel epoxy-nitrile intermediate (I), which when subjected to hydrogenation forms compound (X), and may subsequently be reduced to yield the desired product (IX). The epoxy-nitrile intermediate (I) itself may be synthesised via various alternative reaction strategies, from a range of starting materials. E.g. 4-methoxy-benzaldehyde (VI), upon treatment with cyclohexyl magnesium bromide yields compound (V). This in turn may be oxidised to yield compound (III), which forms compound (II) on treatment with an (x-keto-halogenation agent. Cyanation of compound (II), then yields the desired epoxy nitrile intermediate (I), from which Venlafaxine (IX) may be synthesised.

Abstract: The present invention provides a tritium-labeling method which allows the introduction of tritium at the last stage of preparation and thus the preparation of the tritium-labeled compound having a high specific radioactivity, and said compound prepared by the method.

Abstract: Certain chiral monophosphites and their monothio derivatives are suitable as ligands in the asymmetrical transition-metal-catalyzed hydrogenation, hydroborination and hydrocyanation of prochiral olefins, ketones and imines.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to (+)-cis-sertraline hydrochloride and methods of preparation. The present invention also includes processes for making sertraline having a cis/trans ratio greater than 3:1, greater than or equal to 8:1, or between about 8:1 and about 12:1, from the Schiff base of sertralone, sertraline-1-imine.

Abstract: This invention encompasses novel methods of preparing sibutramine and sibutramine derivatives, and stereomerically pure sibutramine derivatives in particular. Examples of sibutramine derivatives include, but are not limited to, sibutramine metabolites such as desmethylsibutramine and didesmethylsibutramine. The invention further encompasses novel compounds useful in the synthesis of sibutramine derivatives.

Abstract: The invention intends to provide means for producing halogenated aromatic methylamine useful as an intermediate in the production of agrochemical or medical preparations, by an industrially advantageous method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the hydrogenation of nitrile functional groups to amine functional groups. It relates more particularly to a process for the complete or partial hydrogenation of dinitrile compounds to diamine or aminonitrile compounds.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for carrying out a chemical reaction in a reactor, comprising passing a reaction mixture in liquid phase through at least one structured reactor element present in sad reactor, the internal surface of said reactor element that comes into contact with the reaction mixture being catalytically active, the improvement comprising passing said reaction mixture through the said at least one reactor element, said reaction mixture comprising at least one liquid and at least one gas in liquid phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for asymmetrically disubstituting carboxylic acid amides on the geminal carbonyl-C atom using two different grignard reagents in the presence of a metal alcoholate compound used as a catalyst and in the presence of another organometallic compound used as a co-catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing primary amines by hydrogenating nitrites in the presence of a catalyst comprising cobalt and optionally, in addition, nickel and also at least one further doping metal on a particulate support material, the cobalt and, if present, the nickel having an average particle size of from 3 to 30 nm in the active catalyst. The invention further relates to the use of the catalyst in a process for preparing primary amines by hydrogenating nitrites.

Abstract: Process for preparing vanillylamine or one of the salts thereof by reacting vanillin with hydroxylamine or the salts thereof in the presence of an organic salt, which may optionally be produced in situ, wherein the reaction is carried out in an inorganic or organic acid as diluent, and subsequently hydrogenating the resulting vanillyloxime with hydrogen in the presence of a suitable catalyst and an organic and/or inorganic acid.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an enantiomerically enriched chiral amine of formula (10), or the opposite enantiomer thereof, from an inline of formula (11) wherein (i) R1 is aryl, R2 is alkyl and R3 is aryl or aryl-CH2—, or (iii) R2 is linked with R1 and/or R3 to form one or more rings and R3 or R1 (if not in a ring) is H or a non-interfering organic group, the number of C atoms in each of R1, R2 and R3 being up to 30, comprises asymmetric hydrogenation of the imine in the presence of a base and, as catalyst, a ruthenium complex of a chiral diphosphine and a chiral diamine.

Abstract: Secondary amines of the formula (II) (X—CH2—)2NH  (II) where X is a C1-20-alkyl, C2-20-alkenyl or C3-8-cycloalkyl group which may be unsubstituted or substituted by C1-20-alkyl, C3-8-cycloalkyl, C4-20-alkylcycloalkyl, C4-20-cycoalkylalkyl, C2-20-alkoxyalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C7-20-alkylaryl, C7-20-aralkyl, C1-20-alkoxy, hydroxy, C1-20-hydroxyalkyl, amino, C1-20-alkylamino, C2-20-dialkylamino, C2-12-alkenylamino, C3-8-cycloalkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, aryl-C1-8-alkylamino, halogen, mercapto, C2-20-alkenyloxy, C3-8-cycloalkoxy, aryloxy and/or C2-8-alkoxycarbonyl, are prepared by reacting nitriles of the formula (III) X—CN  (III) with hydrogen at from 20 to 250° C. and pressures of from 60 to 350 bar in the presence of an Rh-containing catalyst comprising from 0.

Abstract: A process for the modification of a hydrogenation catalyst of the Raney nickel, Raney cobalt, nickel-on-carrier or cobalt-on-carrier type, which process includes treating the hydrogenation catalyst at temperatures of about 0° C. to about 120° C. with carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, a lower aliphatic aldehyde, an aromatic aldehyde, an aliphatic ketone, an aromatic ketone, a mixed aliphatic/aromatic ketone, glyoxal, pyruvaldehyde or glyoxylic acid as the modification agent in a liquid dispersion medium consisting of water or an organic solvent for a duration of about 15 minutes to about 24 hours. When the thus-modified catalyst is used in the hydrogenation of a nitrile to the corresponding amine, the selectivity is increased, and significantly favors the amount of the primary amine vis-à-vis the undesired secondary amine in the hydrogenation product as compared to when the corresponding unmodified catalyst is employed.

Abstract: A process for converting the cis (1R, 4R), trans (1S, 4R), and trans (1R, 4S) stereoisomers of sertraline into sertraline comprises, starting with an initial reaction mixture which contains at least one of these stereoisomers, converting the sertraline stereoisomers into an imine form of sertraline. The imine form of sertraline is then reduced so that sertraline and at least one sertraline stereoisomer byproduct is produced in the reaction mixture. The sertraline is then recovered from the reaction mixture, e.g., by fractional crystallization (followed by resolution of sertraline from the cis (1R, 4R) stereoisomer, if necessary). The reaction mixture is then recycled through the same steps so that sertraline is produced from its stereoisomers in an asymptotic yield.

Abstract: An amino group of an &agr;-amino acid ester is protected as an imine, and it is then reacted with a halomethyllithium to obtain an N-protected-&agr;-aminohalomethylketone. Further, this N-protected-&agr;-aminohalomethylketone is treated with an acid to obtain an &agr;-aminohalomethylketone. This process is suited for industrial production, and can produce an &agr;-aminohalomethylketone and its related compounds economically and efficiently.

Abstract: A method for producing an aromatic primary amine, characterized by hydrogenating an aromatic nitrile at a low partial pressure of hydrogen in a heterogeneous system comprising a non-reductive polar solvent and a nickel-immobilized catalyst suspended therein was proposed. By such method, an aromatic primary amine which is industrially useful as a medicine, agricultural chemical, dye surfactant, chemical agent, etc. can be produced in a high yield.

Abstract: A method for producing xylylenediamine by hydrogenating phthalonitrile synthesized through ammoxidation of xylene, wherein phthalonitrile is trapped in an organic solvent (A) by bringing a gas produced through ammoxidation into direct contact with the organic solvent (A), and hydrogenation including adding liquid ammonia to the resultant mixture is carried out without separation of phthalonitrile trapped in the organic solvent (A). Through this method, the phthalonitrile can be readily recovered from the produced gas and at high yield without need for new equipment, and xylylenediamine can be efficiently produced through hydrogenation. Xylylenediamine of high purity can be obtained by subjecting the produced xylylenediamine to extraction by use of an organic solvent (B) and water.

Abstract: A method for preparation of an amine from a carbonium ion precursor and a nitrile. The method comprises the steps of: (a) contacting the carbonium ion precursor and the nitrile with aqueous ammonium hydrogen sulfate to produce an amide; and (b) hydrolyzing the amide to the amine. Optionally, the ammonium hydrogen sulfate, nitrile and ammonia are recovered and recycled.

Abstract: In a process for the continuous hydrogenation of nitrites to primary amines in the liquid phase over a suspended, activated Raney catalyst based on an alloy of aluminum and at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt and nickel, and, if desired, one or more further transition metals selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, chromium and manganese, the hydrogenation is carried out in the absence of ammonia and basic alkali metal compounds or alkaline earth metal compounds.

Abstract: Carbon monolith-supported catalysts with high leach resistance used in catalytic applications involving strong acidic and basic conditions in a pH range of from 0 to 6.5 and from 7.5 to 14, are respectively described. The leach resistance of the catalyst system originates from strong interaction between the catalyst and the unsaturated valence of the carbon surface. In addition to surprisingly high resistance to leach out, the catalysts also have substantial differential advantages in catalyst performance: catalyst activity, selectivity, and stability.

Abstract: Secondary amines of the formula (II)

Abstract: Residues from the distillation of a toluene diamine phosgenation mixture are hydrolyzed by mixing them with water and subjecting the mixture to a temperature of 200-350 ° C. The hydrolysis is performed in the presence of a sufficient amount of a base to maintain the pressure in the reactor to no more than a predetermined operating level. The product mixture is then extracted to recover TDA, which can be recycled. This provides an efficient process whereby nearly quantitative conversion of the residues to TDA can be achieved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of 1,5-naphthalenediamine and to the intermediates 4-(2-nitrophenyl)butyronitrile, 5-nitro-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-naphthyl-imine, 5-nitroso-1-naphthylamine, 5-nitro-1-naphthylamine, 4-(2-aminophenyl)-butyronitrile, 5-amino-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-naphthalene imine, 4-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl butyrate and 4-(2-nitrophenyl)butyramide obtainable during the process.

Abstract: A method of preparing a reduced product by efficiently reducing an unsaturated organic compound by using, as a reducing agent, a trichlorosilane which is industrially cheaply available and is easy to handle, and a reducing agent therefor. A reduced product of an unsaturated organic compound is obtained by mixing the unsaturated organic compound and a trichlorosilane together to reduce the unsaturated organic compound in the presence of a compound that forms a silicon complex having five coordinations upon acting on the trichlorosilane such as an N-formylated product of a secondary amine having not less than 3 carbon atoms. The invention further provides a reducing agent comprising a particular silicon complex.

Abstract: Nitriles are hydrogenated to primary amines over an activated, alpha-Al2O3-containing, macroporous Raney catalyst based on an alloy of aluminum and at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt and nickel, and, if desired, one or more further transition metals selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, chromium and manganese, which is obtainable by a process comprising the steps in the order (a)-(f):

Abstract: In a process for the continuous hydrogenation of nitrites to primary amines in the liquid phase over a suspended, activated Raney catalyst based on an alloy of aluminum and at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt and nickel, and, if desired, one or more further transition metals selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, chromium and manganese, the hydrogenation is carried out in the absence of ammonia and basic alkali metal compounds or alkaline earth metal compounds.

Abstract: A process for the production of 3-hydroxypropionitrile is provided. This process includes (a) reacting acrylonitrile with water at a defined molar ratio in the presence of a weak base under specific temperature and pressure conditions until a conversion in the range of about 40% to about 80% has been achieved; (b) after cooling the mixture obtained in (a), separating off its aqueous phase; (c) distilling off the acrylonitrile from the organic phase remaining after (b); (d) subjecting the mixture obtained in (c) to pyrolysis at specific temperature and pressure conditions in the presence of a basic catalyst to obtain a mixture consisting mainly of 3-hydroxypropionitrile and acrylonitrile; and (e) isolating the desired 3-hydroxypropionitrile by fractional distillation from the mixture obtained in (d). Such a process in which the basic aqueous phase and the acrylonitrile that has been distilled off are recycled represents a preferred embodiment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of amines by hydrogenation of nitro compounds, which comprises carrying out the hydrogenation in a vertical reactor whose length is greater than its diameter, having a downward-facing jet nozzle arranged in the upper region of the reactor through which the starting materials and the reaction mixture are fed in, and having an outlet at any desired point of the reactor, through which the reaction mixture is fed back to the jet nozzle in an external circuit by means of a conveying means, and having flow reversal in the lower region of the reactor.