Abstract: Disclosed is a method of: providing a fiber having propylene oxide adsorbed thereon; exposing the fiber to a gaseous sample; allowing the propylene oxide to react with any chlorine in the sample to form chloro-2-propanol. The method can be used to detect potassium chlorate.

Abstract: A method of forming an alkoxylated fluoroalcohol is accomplished by providing a boron compound having or providing at least one boron-oxygen bond and an iodine source. The boron compound and iodine source are combined with reactants of a fluoroalcohol and an alkylene oxide in the presence of a base. The reactants are allowed to react to form an alkoxylated fluoroalcohol reaction product.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a chlorohydrocarbon having conjugated double bonds by stereoselectively chlorinating an alcohol having conjugated double bonds. More specifically, provided is a method for producing a chlorohydrocarbon having conjugated double bonds, the method including a step of chlorinating an alcohol having conjugated double bonds with a chlorinating agent in a solvent in the presence of a base and in the absence of metal salt for chlorination of the alcohol, and the alcohol being represented by the formula (1): RCH?CHCH?CH—Z—OH??(1) wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a linear, branched or cyclic C1-17 monovalent hydrocarbon group which may have at least one double bond or at least one triple bond; and Z represents a linear, branched or cyclic C1-17 divalent hydrocarbon group which may have at least one double bond or at least one triple bond.

Abstract: A reactive surfactant composition comprising one or more kinds of reactive surfactants is disclosed that may be used as an emulsifier for emulsion polymerization, a dispersant for suspension polymerization, a nonaqueous dispersant, or a resin modifier.

Abstract: A process for preparing hyperbranched polyols by reacting epoxy alcohols in the presence of phosphines.

Abstract: Provided is a chlorinated polyether which has excellent solubility in solvents and excellent thermal stability, has the excellent effect of improving the adhesion of coating materials, inks, and adhesives to polyolefins, can be expected to be usable as a flame retardant, and is useful also as a novel starting material for polyurethanes. The polyether is a novel chlorinated polyether containing, as a repeating unit, at least one of the chlorinated-ether residue represented by the following formula (1) and the chlorinated-ether residue represented by the following formula (2). Also provided is a novel polyurethane obtained therefrom.

Abstract: Storage stable polyhydroxylated aromatic ether adducts of polyalkylene oxide are described. Reactive compositions are formed by combining an ether adduct with an aldehyde, optionally further adding a phenolic-aldehyde prepolymer. The reactive compositions are cured by removing water, by acidification, or both. The cured compositions sorb solvated compounds from environments containing water. The cured compositions are also useful for pre-loading with compounds that are subsequently released at a controlled rate into environments containing water.

Abstract: A composition and method for resolving reverse emulsions and complex water external emulsions using one or more polyepihalohydrins, one or more polyelectrolytes thereof, and any combination thereof is disclosed and claimed. The disclosed invention may be used in any crude oil production process where such emulsions are encountered.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a polyoxyalkylene polyol and a polyoxyalkylene monool, capable of producing a urethane elastomer and a urethane foam which are sufficiently excellent in mechanical properties and moisture resistance. The present invention is directed to a polyoxyalkylene polyol or monool (S), which is an alkylene oxide adduct of an active hydrogen-containing compound (H), wherein 40% or more of hydroxyl groups located at the terminal are primary hydroxyl group-containing groups represented by the general formula (1) shown below, and a hydroxyl value x, the total degree of unsaturation y and the content of ethylene oxide z satisfy a relationship of the mathematical expression (1). [In the general formula (1), R1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group or a phenyl group, each of which may be substituted with a halogen atom or an aryl group.] y?28.

Abstract: Described is a process for the alkoxylation of alcohols with I, Cl, or CH3CO2 endgroups, using alkylene epoxides in the presence of boron based catalysts.

Abstract: The invention relates to gemini surfactants of formula IA wherein A is a core derived from an organic polyhydroxy compound; R1 and R2 are each independently a hydrophobic group; and R3 and R4 are each independently a surfactant head group. Such surfactants can be used as components of fluids used in the petroleum industry or used in formulating cleansing compositions or detergent compositions.

Abstract: Provided is a chlorinated polyether which has excellent solubility in solvents and excellent thermal stability, has the excellent effect of improving the adhesion of coating materials, inks, and adhesives to polyolefins, can be expected to be usable as a flame retardant, and is useful also as a novel starting material for polyurethanes. The polyether is a novel chlorinated polyether containing, as a repeating unit, at least one of the chlorinated-ether residue represented by the following formula (1) and the chlorinated-ether residue represented by the following formula (2). Also provided is a novel polyurethane obtained therefrom.

Abstract: A method of reacting a toluenesulfonyl-terminated polyoxyethylene compound having the formula CH3—C6H4—SO2—(O—CH2—CH2)n—O—R1 with an ammonium salt having the formula NR24X to form a compound having the formula X—CH2—CH2—(O—CH2—CH2)n-1—R3. The value n is a positive integer. X is a halogen, cyanide, cyanate, thiocyanate, or azide. R1 is a terminating group. Each R2 is hydrogen or an alkyl group. —R3 is —O—R1 or —X.

Abstract: A method for preparing multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chlorides from multi-arm PEG polyols is described. The method comprises a process, wherein the multi-arm PEG polyol is reacted with thionyl chloride to form the multi-arm PEG chloride.

Abstract: A method of reacting a toluenesulfonyl-terminated polyoxyethylene compound having the formula CH3—C6H4—SO2—(O—CH2—CH2)n—O—R1 with an ammonium salt having the formula NR24X to form a compound having the formula X—CH2—CH2—(O—CH2—CH2)n-1—R3. The value n is a positive integer. X is a halogen, cyanide, cyanate, thiocyanate, or azide. R1 is a terminating group. Each R2 is hydrogen or an alkyl group. —R3 is —O—R1 or —X.

Abstract: (Per)haloethers having formula: X-(Rf)L-O—CF2CF2—O—CX1X2—CFX3X4 , ??(I) process for obtaining them and hypofluorites usable in the synthesis of said (per)haloethers.

Abstract: A perfluoropolyether and a composition comprising the perfluoropolyether are provided in which the perfluoropolyether comprises at least one bromine or iodine atom at the primary position of the perfluoropolyether. Also provided is a process for producing the composition in which the process comprises contacting a perfluoropolyether acid fluoride moiety with a metal bromide or metal iodide or a suitable polyether secondary iodide under a condition sufficient to effect the production of a perfluoropolyether comprising at least one bromine or iodine at the primary position.

Abstract: A copolymer with recurring constituent units derived by polymerizing tetrahydrofuran, ethylene oxide and at least one additional cyclic ether that can be substituted or unsubstituted that decreases the hydrophilicity imparted to the copolymer by the ethylene oxide.

Abstract: Aqueous compositions of (per)fluoropolyether phosphates of formula: T—O—[Rf—CFY—L—O]P(O)(O−Z+)(OH); and/or  (A) (OH)m(O−Z+)2-mP(O)[O—L—YFC—O—Rf—CFY—L—O—P(O)(O−Z+)]m′— —[O—L—YFC—O—Rf—CFY—L—O]P(O)(O−Z+)2-m(OH)m  (B) and use thereof to confer oleo-repellence to the paper in bulk by means of the wet-end method.

Abstract: A perfluoropolyether and a composition comprising the perfluoropolyether are provided in which the perfluoropolyether comprises at least one bromine or iodine atom at the primary position of the perfluoropolyether. Also provided is a process for producing the composition in which the process comprises contacting a perfluoropolyether acid fluoride moiety with a metal bromide or metal iodide or a suitable polyether secondary iodide under a condition sufficient to effect the production of a perfluoropolyether comprising at least one bromine or iodine at the primary position.

Abstract: Aqueous compositions of (per)fluoropolyether phosphates of formula:

Abstract: A process for preparing perfluoropolyoxyalkylenes with hydroxyl end groups having structure: T1—CFW1—O—Rf—CFW2—T2  (I) wherein: T1, T2, are selected from —CH2OH, —F, —CF3, —CF2CF3 with the proviso that at least one of T1 and T2 is —CH2OH; W1 and W2 are selected from F, CF3; Rf is a perfluoropolyoxyalkylene chain having a number average molecular weight 500-10,000 comprising one or more units of the type —CF2CF2O—, —CF2O—, —C3F6O—, —CF2(CF2)zCF2O— (z=1,2); —CR4R5CF2CF2O— with R4 and R5 selected from H, Cl, perfluoroalkyl group; said process comprising the following steps: a) adding an ester precursor having structure (I) and T1, T2 end groups selected from —F, —CF3, —CF2CF3, —COOR (R=linear or branched alkyl group having a number of C atoms from 1 to 5), with the proviso that at least one of T1 and T2 is —COOR, in a reaction mixture f

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing an alcohol derivative, where the alcohol derivative is an ester, acetal, ketal, ether glycoside, or alkyl glycoside, by reacting an alcohol with a carbonyl compound, alcohol, olefin, epoxy compound or saccharide, where C2-4 vicinal alkylene oxides are excluded, in the presence of (A) an aluminum alkoxide and (B) sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid.

Abstract: High internal phase emulsions (HIPEs), porous polymeric materials made therefrom, and methods for making and using the same. Specific embodiments of the invention include water-in-oil high internal phase emulsions having at least 70 volume percent of an internal aqueous phase and less than 30 volume percent of an external oil phase wherein the oil phase comprises a vinyl polymerizable monomer and a surfactant effective to stabilize the emulsion. The subject surfactants are oil soluble and preferably include an oxyalkylene component.

Abstract: Hydro-2,2-difluoroalkylvinylethers having the formula CF2═CH—O—RA  (I) wherein RA is a radical containing fluorine, optionally containing halogens such as Cl, Br, I, hydrogen, functional groups CM, COOR′, CON(R′)2, SO2OR′, m wherein R′ is a C1-C5 alkyl, RA being selected from the following: a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C2-C20 fluoroalkyl, or a saturated or unsaturated C4-C6 fluorinated cyclic group wherein optionally from 1 to 2 carbon atoms are substituted with oxygen atoms, or a linear, branched saturated or unsaturated, C3-C15 fluorooxyalkyl group, containing one or Core oxygen atoms.

Abstract: A process for preparing perfluoropolyoxyalkylenes with hydroxyl end groups having structure:

Abstract: A process for obtaining (per) fluoropolyethers substituted at one or at both end groups with a halogen atom selected from bromine or iodine, having the formula: A—CF2—O—(CF2CF2O)p—(CF2O)q—CF2—B  (III) wherein A=B=halogen; or A=halogen and B=COOH or F, and the halogen is I or Br; p and q are integers such as to give a number average molecular weight (MW) in the range 350-5000 and the ratio p/q=0.5-2.0. The process includes treating di- or poly-acylperoxides having an average equivalent weight in the range 350-5000, of formula: T—CF2—O—[(CF2CF2O)p—(CF2O)q—CF2—CO—O—O——CO—CF2—(OCF2)q—(OCF2CF2)p]y—OCF2—COOH  (II) with a halogen selected from iodine or bromine, in a polyhalogenated organic solvent, at temperatures between 20° and 80° C.

Abstract: Hydrogenated fluoromodified polymers obtainable by reaction among hydrogenated polymers and the modifier having a polyether structure:RfO(CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 O).sub.m (CF.sub.2 O).sub.n --CF.sub.2 --A.sub.q --T.sub.p (I)wherein A is a linking bridge bound to the end group --CF.sub.2 -- of the perfluoropolyether chain, T represents one or more reactive functional groups; p and q are integers, p ranges from 1 to 4, q is an integer from 0 to 1; m and n are integers such that m/n is comprised between 0.2 and 5, Rf is a perfluoroalkyl from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Phosphoramidite oligonucleotide synthesis is facilitated by the use of fluoride-labile 5' silyl protecting groups. RNA synthesis is improved by the use of 2 orthoester protecting groups. Reactions are conducted on a solid phase support and acidic deprotection conditions are avoided, as is the necessity of oxidizing the phosphite linkage between each coupling reaction.

Abstract: A process for preparing hydrogen-terminated polyoxyperfluoroalkanes having molecular weight lower than 1800, by decarboxylation of the corresponding polyoxyperfluoroalkanes having one or two end groups selected form --OCF.sub.2 COOZ, --OCF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 COOZ and --OCF(CF.sub.3)COOZ, wherein Z is an alkaline metal or ammonium, carried out in the presence of water at temperatures from 140.degree.-170.degree. C. and under a pressure of at least 4 atmospheres.

Abstract: The process according to the invention consists in preparing chlorides of aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons by reacting the corresponding mono- or polyalcohol with phosgene or thionyl chloride in the presence of at least one catalyst chosen from hexasubstituted guanidinium halides and their hydrohalides, optionally grafted via one of their radicals to a silica-based support.The chlorides are quickly obtained with good yields and contain few by-products such as carbonates or chloroformates.

Abstract: The present inventions provide methods to produce fluorinated vinyl ether by reacting fluorinated carboxylic acid halogenide with a metal compound below the decomposition temperature for the corresponding metal salt in the absence of solvent and then raising the temperature of the produced corresponding metal salt above the decompostion temperature. With these production methods, fluorinated vinyl ether of a high purity can be obtained on an efficient basis.

Abstract: Branched, dendrimeric-type macromolecules composed essentially of a central nucleus and of a series of polyoxaalkyl chains that depart from said nucleus and spread into the surrounding space branching in a cascade fashion useful as carriers of drugs, contrast agents, etc.

Abstract: Process for preparing perfluoropolyethers with bromo- or iodo- containing end groups, respectively, by subjecting a peroxidic perfluoropolyether to thermal treatment, in the absence of UV radiation, at temperatures from 120.degree. C. to 280.degree. C. in the presence of bromo- or iodo-containing compounds having, respectively, the following general formulas:T T' T" C Brwherein T, T', T" equal to or different from each other are selected from Br, F, H or R'.sub.f, wherein R'.sub.f is a perfluoroalkylic chain from 1 to 8 carbon atoms;R R' R" C Iwherein R, R', R", equal to or different from each other can be I (iodine), H, F, or R'.sub.f, wherein R'.sub.f has the meaning indicated above.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of bromine-containing polyols in which a bromine-containing alcohol is caused to react with an alkylene oxide in admixture with other H-functional compounds and the catalyst used is a system comprising alkaline and Lewis-acid catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation of fluoroalkylalkoxylates in which one reacts at least one fluorinated alcohol with at least one alkylene epoxide in the presence of a novel catalyst system comprising an iodine source and an alkali metal borohydride.

Abstract: Process for preparing peroxidic perfluoropolyethers by oxidation of tetrafluoroethylene with oxygen, in liquid phase comprising a solvent and in the presence of a chemical initiator, at a pressure between 2 and 15 absolute atm and operating with a molar ratio of the tetrafluoroethylene to the chemical initiator higher than 35. The process allows to increase the molecular weight of the perfluoropolyethers at the same content of peroxidic oxygen.

Abstract: This invention relates to the production of hydroxy-terminated polymers in the 2,000-20,000 MW range suitable for use as prepolymers in curing reactions with isocyanates to produce elastomers. The process involves the continuous addition over periods of 25-50 hours of an oxirane (monoepoxide) or a mixture of an oxirane and an oxetane to a reaction mixture, consisting of stoichiometric excesses of oxonium ion-forming catalyst such as BF.sub.3 -etherate and a diol initiator dissolved in an inert solvent. Under these conditions, chain extension of the diol occurs and the formation of cyclic oligomers and other impurities is minimised. The mole ratio of the initiator to catalyst is maintained at above 10:1 to suppress the formation of cationic terminal species on the growing polymer chain.

Abstract: Describes terminally ethylenically unsaturated poly(alkyleneoxy) surfactant compounds of the general formula, R--O--(R'O).sub.m --(EO).sub.n-1 --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --X, wherein R is the ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon group, e.g., allyl, R' is the bivalent radical derived from butylene oxide, E is the bivalent ethylene radical, m and n are numbers of from 10 to 15 and 10 to 40 respectively, and X is chloride, tertiaryamino, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, isethionate and alkali metal salts of the anionic groups. These surfactant compounds may be used in emulsion polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated, e.g., vinyl, monomers.

Abstract: The invention relates to new peroxide perfluoropolyethers having formula: ##STR1## wherein: A and B are end groups,X represents a (R'O).sub.m R" group where R' is selected from the class consisting of ##STR2## and R" is a perfluoroalkyl group; the value of "m" ranging from 0 to 6. The invention relates also to processes for preparing said perfluoropolyethers and other classes of non peroxide perfluoropolyethers derived therefrom.

Abstract: The invention relates to new peroxide perfluoropolyethers having formula: ##STR1## wherein: A and B are end groups,X represents a (R'O).sub.m R" group where R' is selected from the class consisting of --CF.sub.2 --, --CF.sub.2 --CF.sub.2 -- and ##STR2## and R" is a perfluoroalkyl group; the value of "m" ranging from 0 to 6. The invention relates also to processes for preparing said perfluoropolyethers and other classes of non peroxide perfluoropolyethers derived therefrom.

Abstract: A process for preparing ethers which comprises contacting a carboxylated ether with a metal oxide catalyst under conditions effective to produce the ether.

Abstract: An iridium-optically active phosphine complex represented by formula (I):[H.sub.2 Ir(L.sup.1)(L.sup.2)]Y (I)wherein L.sup.1 represents an optically active phosphine compound represented by formula (II): ##STR1## wherein Ar represents a phenyl group or a p- and/or m-lower alkyl-substituted phenyl group, or formula (III): ##STR2## L.sup.2 represents a tertiary phosphine compound represented by formula (IV): ##STR3## wherein Z represents a lower alkoxy group or a di-lower alkylamino group; and A represents an integer of from 1 to 3; Y represents BF.sub.4, PF.sub.6, ClO.sub.4, or BPh.sub.4, wherein Ph represents a phenyl group,and a process for producing an optically active alcohol using the above complex as an enantioselective catalyst are disclosed. The complex exhibits excellent catalytic activity to give high enantioselective yields in enantioselective synthesis, particularly enantioselective hydrogenation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of perfluorinated ethers of the formula R--CF.sub.2 --CF.sub.3, in which R is the radical CF.sub.3 (CF.sub.2).sub.2 --O--[--CF(CF.sub.3)CF.sub.2 --O].sub.n --, in which n is an integer from 0 to 60, by decarbonylation of perfluoroether-acyl fluorides of the formula R--CF(CF.sub.3)--COF at 150.degree.-350.degree. C. in the presence of AlCl.sub.3 and/or AlBr.sub.3.

Abstract: The invention relates to new peroxide perfluoropolyethers having formula: ##STR1## wherein: A and B are end groups,X represents a (R'O).sub.m R" group where R' is selected from the class consisting of ##STR2## and R" is a perfluoroalkyl group; the value of "m" ranging from 0 to 6. The invention relates also to processes for preparing said perfluoropolyethers and other classes of non peroxide perfluoropolyethers derived therefrom.

Abstract: A copolymer of an olefinically unsaturated monomer and an allylically headed macromolecular monomer ("macromer") of a ring-openable cyclic ether ("CE") is prepared as a comb-shaped graft copolymer of macromer. A wide variety of olefinically unsaturated monomers may be used to form the copolymer. The macromer, having an allylic group near one end and a hydroxyl group at the other, is first produced by cationic ring-opening polymerization of the CE in conjunction with an unsaturated alcohol (propagator) having an allyl double bond. The polymerization to form the graft copolymer proceeds either by free radical polymerization or by metathesis polymerization. The graft copolymer of macromer has a hydrocarbon backbone and pendant chains of polymerized CE, each pendant chain terminating with an OH group.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the alkoxylation of an active hydrogen-containing compound comprising contacting the active hydrogen-containing compound with an alkylene carbonate in the presence of a mixed metal oxide catalyst under conditions effective to alkoxylate the active hydrogen-containing compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for removing double metal cyanide complex catalyst residue(s) from polyol(s) which comprises after polyol formation the steps of: (a) contacting the catalyst residue-containing polyol with an effective amount of an oxidant to cause said residue(s) to form insoluble residues that are insoluble in the polyol, and (b) separating the insoluble residues from the polyol. In another aspect, the present invention relates to the oxidant-free polyol produced by the above process.

Abstract: Polymers are produced from 4 and 5 member cyclic ethers, which polymers have hydroxyl functionalities of 4.

Abstract: Polyethers are disclosed which contain perfluoroalkyl groups and have the average formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is the same or different in the polymer mixture and represents hydrogen or a fluoro group,n has an average value of 4 to 12,a has an average value of 0 to 4,m has an average value of 2 to 18,x has an average value of 2 to 50 andy has an average value of 0 to 3.A method for the synthesis of the new polyols, which are usefull as surfactants and, with respect to the compounds of formula I, as polyol components in the synthesis of polyurethanes, is also disclosed.