Abstract: Most generally, the invention provides a method for making a neutralized polyether polyol, comprising the steps of a) Polymerizing one or more alkylene oxides in the presence of an alkaline catalyst to form a polyalkylene oxide intermediate; and b) Neutralizing the intermediate, after the polymerization step a) is complete, with an organic acid of general formula where R1 is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; R2 is methyl or ethyl; and R3 is an alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl group containing one to twelve carbon atoms. The invention also comprises the novel compositions made by the above process.

Abstract: A surfactant composition exhibiting excellent wetting properties and a high penetrating power for the object to be cleansed even in a relatively high surfactant content and being excellent in detergency is provided, which comprises a compound (1) having an average molecular weight of 1,200 or less and water with the proportion of the compound(1) to the sum total of the compound (1) and water being 5 wt. % or above but below 50 wt. %:RO--(EO).sub.x --(PO).sub.y --(EO).sub.x' --H (1)wherein R represents C.sub.12 -C.sub.15 alkyl or the like; EO represents oxyethylene; PO represents oxypropylene; x and x' are each 1 or above; and y ranges from 0.5 to 6.0, provided (EO).sub.x, (PO).sub.y and (EO).sub.x' are bonded to each other in block in this order.

Abstract: A surfactant composition defoaming rapidly, having high detergency and being excellent in handleability in a high-concentration region is provided, which comprises a compound (1) having an average molecular weight of 1,200 or less and water, with the proportion of the compound (1) to the sum total of the compound (1) and water being 50 wt. % or above and with the viscosity of the composition at 25.degree. C. being 1,000 cP or less.RO-(EO).sub.x -(PO).sub.y -(EO).sub.x'.sup.- -H (1)wherein R represents C.sub.12 -C.sub.15 alkyl or the like; EO represents oxyethylene; PO represents oxypropylene; x and x' are each 1 or above; and y ranges from 0.5 to 6.0, provided (EO).sub.x, (PO).sub.y and (EO).sub.x. are bonded to each other block in this order.

Abstract: Block copolyethers having general formula (I):RX--(CH.sub.2 --CHR.sub.1 --O--).sub.x --(--CH.sub.2 CHR.sub.2 --O--).sub.y --(--CH.sub.2 --CHR.sub.3 --O--).sub.z --R.sub.4wherein:R is selected from H, alkyl, alkylaryl;X is selected from O, S and N;R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are selected from H, CH.sub.3, and C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkyl radicals;R.sub.4 is selected from H, alkyl, acyl;x,y,z represent the number of ether units and are integers which have such values that the molecular weight of the compound having general formula (I) is between 600 and 4000, and in addition (x+z)/y is between 1.5 and 5.0; with the proviso that:a) either R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 are selected from H and CH.sub.3, in which case R.sub.2 is selected from C.sub.2 to C.sub.10 alkyl radicals,b) or R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 are selected from C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkyl radicals, in which case R.sub.2 is selected from H and CH.sub.3.

Abstract: Mid-chain branched primary alkyl polyoxyalkylene surfactants useful in laundry and cleaning compositions, especially granular and liquid detergent compositions. These surfactants are also suitable for formulation with other surfactants for the purpose of providing improved surfactant systems, especially for use in detergent compositions which will be used in laundry processes involving low water temperature wash conditions. The present invention also relates to novel mid-chain branched primary alkyl polyoxyalkylene surfactants suitable for use in the surfactant mixtures.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the purification of polyether polyols. This process enables the removal of residual alkaline metal catalyst from produced polyether polyol. It comprises a) adding glycerine to a polyether polyol that contains Group IA alkaline metal catalyst to form a precipitate, and b) separating the precipitate formed in a) to provide a purified polyether polyol. The present invention also relates to the purified polyether polyol produced by this process, the precipitate produced by this process, and the use of the precipitate as an alkaline metal catalyst in a process for the production of polyether polyols.

Abstract: The reaction product ofA) a linking compound of formula IR.sup.1 (X).sub.3 (I)wherein each X group is a halogen or one X group is a halogen and two X groups with 2 carbon atoms from the R.sup.1 group and an oxygen atom form an epoxy group, and R.sup.1 is an alkanetriyl group containing from 3 to 10 carbon atoms;B) a compound of formula IIR.sup.2 (OA).sub.n --OH (II)wherein R.sup.2 is an aliphatic group containing from 4 to 36 carbon atoms, n is a number of from 1 to 200, and each OA group is independently an ethyleneoxy, 1,2-propyleneoxy, or 1,2-butyleneoxy group; andC) a compound of formula IIIH--(OA).sub.m --OH (III)wherein OA is as defined above, and m is a number of from 1 to 500;processes for its preparation; and methods for its use as a thickener in aqueous compositions.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the use of dendrimeric-type branched macromolecules, comprising polyoxaalkylene chains, as catalysts or coadjuvants of phase transfer catalysis reactions.

Abstract: Active esters of PEG acids and related polymers are provided that have a single propionic or butanoic acid moiety and no other ester linkages. These polymer acids have a half life in water of from about 10 to 25 minutes. For example, alpha-methoxy, omega-propionic acid succinimidyl ester of PEG ("methoxy-PEG-SPA") has a nearly ideal reactivity with amino groups on proteins and other biologically active substances. The half life of methoxy-PEG-SPA is about 16.5 minutes in water. The invention also provides conjugates with proteins, enzymes, polypeptides, drugs, dyes, nucleosides, oligonucleotides, lipids, phospholipids, liposomes, and surfaces of solid materials that are compatible with living organisms, tissue, or fluid.

Abstract: An ethoxylate and a process of cleaning a hard surface with a low foaming detergent includes providing a low foaming detergent composed of the ethoxylate having a general formula which is selected from the group consisting of formula (I):C.sub.5 H.sub.11 CH(C.sub.3 H.sub.7)CH.sub.2 O(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.n Hand formula (II):C.sub.5 H.sub.11 CH(C.sub.3 H.sub.7)CH.sub.2 O(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.p (B).sub.r H,wherein n is 2-16, p is 1-10, r is 1-6, and B is an alkyleneoxy group having 3-4 carbon atoms; and cleaning the hard surface with the low foaming detergent.

Abstract: A process for polymerizing oxepanes, dioxolanes, trioxanes, and tetrahydrofurans to their respective polymers by contacting them with a selected metal compound and an accelerator which is a selected vinyl ester or a selected phosphorous compound.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel saturated polyether compounds comprised of n units of residue (1) and m units of residue (2), wherein (i) residues (1) and (2) have the structures: ##STR1## (ii) the total value of n+m is 2 to 70 and m/(n+m) is 0.05 to 0.98; (ii) at least 98 percent of the terminal hydroxyl groups of the polyether have the structure: ##STR2## The polyethers are obtained by first polymerizing 3,4-epoxy-l-butene to produce unsaturated polyether precursors comprising residues (1A) and (2A) having the structures: ##STR3## and then hydrogenating the unsaturated polyether precursors. The hydrogenation advantageously is performed in the presence of a nickel hydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: An alkoxylate of 2-propyl heptanol having from 1 to 6 alkyleneoxy groups (B) adducted to the oxygen of the alcohol and from 1 to 10 ethylene oxide group adducted to the terminal alkyleneoxy group and having a general formula (I)C.sub.5 H.sub.11 CH(C.sub.3 H.sub.7)CH.sub.2 O(B).sub.r (C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.p H (I),wherein B is the alkyleneoxy group which has 3-4 carbon atoms, p is 1-10 and r is 1-6.

Abstract: Polyoxyalkylene polyether polyols suitable for preparation of flexible polyurethane foams are prepared by oxyalkylating an aqueous solution of one or more polyhydric, hydroxyl-functional solid initiators under conditions where both water as well as initiator are oxyalkylated. The polyols have calculated functionalities of between about 2.2 and 4.0 and hydroxyl numbers in the range of 10 to 180. The polyols may be used to prepare soft, high resiliency polyurethane flexible foams at low isocyanate indexes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a poly(oxyalkylated) alcohol composition represented by the formula:R.sub.1 O[CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3)O].sub.x (CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.y [CH.sub.2 CH(OH)R.sub.2 ]wherein R.sub.1 is a linear, aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from about 4 to about 18 carbon atoms including mixtures thereof; and R.sub.2 is a linear, aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from about 2 to about 26 carbon atoms including mixtures thereof; x is an integer having a value from 1 to about 3; y is an integer having a value from 5 to about 30. Also disclosed is an automatic dishwasher composition comprising the above-described epoxy-capped poly(oxyalkylated) alcohol and at least one component selected from the group consisting of detergent builder, bleach, anti-wear agent, and mixtures thereof. Also disclosed is a cleaning composition for cleaning hard surfaces comprising an aqueous or organic solvent and the above-described epoxy-capped poly(oxyalkylated) alcohol as a surfactant.

Abstract: A mixture suitable for use as a foam-suppressing surfactant additament in cleaning compositions for mechanized cleaning processes comprises at least two mixtures of alkoxylated alcohols IR--O--(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.x --(C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O).sub.y --H (I)where x is an average degree of ethoxylation between 1 and 12, y is an average degree of propoxylation between 1 and 15, one alkoxylated alcohol mixture carries straight-chain or branched C.sub.8 -C.sub.18 -alkyl groups as the radical R and one other alkoxylated alcohol mixture carries straight-chain or branched C.sub.10 -C.sub.20 -alkyl groups as the radical R, subject to the proviso that the two radicals R differ by at least 0.5 in the average number of carbon atoms, and the two alkoxylated alcohol mixtures present in a ratio of from 10:90 to 90:10.

Abstract: A polyoxyalkylene glycol derivative which has at least one constitutional unit represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are each hydrogen, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a group represented by the general formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are each hydrogen, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, R.sup.7 is an alkylene group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, a substituted alkylene group having 3 to 5 total carbon atoms with an alkyl group as a substituent, or a substituted alkylene group having 4 to 10 total carbon atoms with an alkoxyalkyl group as a substituent, n' is an integer of 0 to 20 and R.sup.8 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms with at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 being a group represented by the general formula (II).

Abstract: This invention discloses an oil soluble polyether composition, comprising: ##STR1## wherein R is either a C.sub.14-20 alkyl or C.sub.9-12 alkylphenyl; A is ##STR2## where x is from 7 to 13; i, j, k, and l are each independently from 0 to 35 and the sum (i+j+k+l) is from 8 to 35;o, p, and q are each independently 0 to 1 and the sum (o+p+q) is from 0 to 3; and,the average mole ratio of the glycidyl ether monomeric unit A to the initiator unit RO is from 0.4:1 to 1.5:1.This invention also discloses an anionic polymerization process for producing an oil soluble polyether composition, comprising reacting a mixture of propylene oxide and a C.sub.8-14 alkyl glycidyl ether with an initiator obtained from the group consisting of a C.sub.14-20 alkanol and a C.sub.9-12 alkylphenol under the influence of an alkaline metal alkoxide catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to complex hydrophobe compounds and to alkoxylation products, i.e., condensation reaction products of alkylene oxides and complex hydrophobe compounds having at least one active hydrogen. This invention also relates to alkoxylation products that have beneficial, narrow molecular weight ranges.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bifunctional polyether having groups different from each other at both ends, with a polymerization degree of 5 to 10000 and consisting of repeating units each represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## (wherein R.sub.1, represents a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, or a lower alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogen atom, and R.sub.1 in each repeating unit may be the same or different), as well as to a process for the preparation thereof and a polymerization initiator therefor. The process of production and polymerization initiator of the present invention enable 100% introduction of a primary amino group into one of the ends of polyether.

Abstract: In the manufacture of soft tissue products such as facial and bath tissue, a creping adhesive composition comprising from about 0.05 to about 20 dry weight percent of an ethoxylated acetylenic diol has been found to reduce skulch, improve creping blade life, and improve crepe quality. The creping adhesive composition is particularly useful for creping throughdried tissue webs.

Abstract: There are disclosed low foaming, nonsilicone aqueous textile auxiliary compositions comprising(a) a reaction product of a nonionic surfactant of formula ##STR1## wherein R is an aliphatic radical of at least 8 carbon atoms,R.sub.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, a cycloaliphatic radical of at least 5 carbon atoms, lower alkylphenyl or styryl,"alkylene" denotes an alkylene radical of 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and p is an integer from 2 to 60,with a compound which contains an acid water-solubilising group,(b) a nonionic surfactant of formula (1), and, optionally,(c) a hydrotropic agent.These textile auxiliary compositions are suitable for use as dispersants and for wetting and/or washing fibre materials.

Abstract: Polyhydroxypolyethers as low foam surfactants comprising a compound of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a linear or branched C.sub.2 - to C.sub.18 -alkylene radical;R.sup.2 is H, ##STR2## R.sup.3, R.sup.4 are linear or branched C.sub.2 to C.sub.18 alkyl radicals;Z is a number of from 1 to 3;with the proviso that at least one R.sup.2 is ##STR3## n is a number of from 2 to 8; m is a number of from 15 to 34; andl is a number of from 0 to 3.These compounds are useful in cleaning compositions and rinse aids which are low foaming and biodegradable.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for improving the polyurethane-forming reactivity of a propylene oxide-based ethylene oxide-free polyol produced using a double metal cyanide complex catalyst by incorporating therein a minor amount of a base prior to employing the polyol in a polyurethane-forming reaction. Also claimed is the base-containing polyol composition produced in accordance with the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention has an object of producing a polyoxyalkylene compound by ring-opening polymerization of an alkylene oxide to a certain specific highly hydrophobic initiator. The present invention provides a process for producing a polyoxyalkylene compound, characterized in that the polyoxyalkylene compound is produced by ring-opening polymerization of an alkylene oxide, in the presence of a plural metal cyanide complex catalyst, with an initiator selected from an organopolysiloxane compound having an active hydrogen-containing functional group to which an alkylene oxide is reactive, and a fluorine-containing compound having such an active hydrogen-containing functional group and a fluorinated hydrocarbon group.

Abstract: Polyoxyalkylene polyols initiated with melamine and coinitiated with toluene diamine and oxyalkylated with one or more alkylene oxides have relatively low viscosity and are suitable for preparing polyurethane foams.

Abstract: A process for preparing ethers which comprises contacting a carboxylated ether with a metal oxide catalyst under conditions effective to produce the ether.

Abstract: A decarboxylation process which comprises contacting a carboxylated compound with a metal oxide catalyst under conditions effective to decarboxylate the carboxylated compound.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the alkoxylation of an active hydrogen-containing compound comprising contacting the active hydrogen-containing compound with an alkylene carbonate in the presence of a mixed metal oxide catalyst under conditions effective to alkoxylate the active hydrogen-containing compound.

Abstract: Antifreeze composition and composition concentrates are disclosed which comprise an alcohol, such as, for example ethylene glycol, a surface modifier, such as, for example, an organophosphate which adheres to the interior surfaces of a cooling system, and a pseudo oil, such as, for example a polypropylene glycol, which forms a film on the surface-modified, interior surfaces of the cooling system. Also disclosed are methods of making and using the composition and composition concentrates.

Abstract: Thickening agents for aqueous systems are prepared by reacting aliphatic alcohols containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms with an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide mixture, then reacting the resulting polyether with 5 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide, and reacting the resulting alkoxylation product with a diepoxide, with 0.5 to 3 moles of alkoxylation product being used in the combination reaction per mole of diepoxide. The thickening agents may be blended with low molecular weight alcohol ethoxylates, and are especially suitable for hydraulic fluids.

Abstract: Novel polyether polyols are disclosed which contain an internal block of isobutylene oxide or a mixture of isobutylene oxide and a mono- or unsaturated alkylene oxide and an end-cap of a mono- or unsubstituted alkylene oxide to provide reactive primary or secondary hydroxyl end-groups. The polyether polyols are useful intermediates in the production of segmented elastomers. A process for the preparation of the novel polyols is also described in which an alkali metal catalyst and a crown ether cocatalyst are employed to afford polyols containing relatively low levels of unsaturation.

Abstract: Polyethers I ##STR1## R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, n and m are each from 1 to 30 and r is from 0 to 20, are used mainly as surfactants in detergent and cleaning agent formulations.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polyethers is disclosed in which an oxetane monomer, or a mixture of an oxetane monomer and an oxolane monomer, and a carboxylic acid anhydride are contacted with a bleaching earth catalyst. The process yields ester-terminated polyethers which may be saponified to obtain hydroxy-terminated polyether polyols.

Abstract: A novel low foaming non-ionic surfactant having good wetting properties has a molecular weight of about 1700 to about 2300 and the formula:R--O--X--Y--Hwherein R is a primary alkyl group having about 6 to about 10 carbon atoms, X is a random mixture of EO and PO groups containing about 10 to about 12 EO groups and wherein the mole ratio of EO:PO groups is about 4:1, and Y is a PO block containing about 15 to about 25 PO groups, preferably about 21 to about 25.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material comprising a support having thereon at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and at least one other hydrophilic colloid layer, wherein at least one compound represented by formula (I) is contained in at least one layer of the silver halide photographic material and wherein an organic material selected from the group consisting of a natural or synthetic water-soluble polymer is contained in at least one of the light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and the other hydrophilic colloid layer such that at least 10% by weight of the organic material originally present in the layers of the silver halide photographic material is washed out from the layer during development processing:A--X--Y--B (I)wherein A represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an aryl group, which has from 8 to 25 carbon atoms; X represents ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or --Y--B; Y represents a group consisting of at least one of eac

Abstract: Narrow, balanced alkoxylation product mixture distributions having at least one alkoxylation product constituting more than 20 weight percent of the mixture can be provided by modified, calcium-containing catalysts. Catalysts for alkoxylation processes can be produced from lime and can, with modification, be used to make the narrow, balanced alkoxylation product mixture distribution.

Abstract: Lubricant compositions having good dilution viscosity characteristics and high viscosity/pressure coefficients can be produced using a connected branch copolymer having a core segment, non-crosslinked branched polymer segments connected to the core segment and a group of linear polymer segments connected to the branched polymer segments and bearing terminal groups capable of effecting hydrogen bonding. These connected branch copolymers are used in aqueous lubricant compositions, which may include a co-solvent such as ethylene or diethylene glycol.

Abstract: A thickening agent comprising polyether derivatives of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical or an alkylphenol radical having 10 or more carbon atoms, n is 10 to 100, m is 0 to 25, and p is 1 to 3, and wherein R.sub.2 is an alkyl radical having 8 to 30 carbon atoms. These polyether derivatives are prepared by the gradual addition of a long-chain 1,2-epoxy having a chain length of 10 to 32 carbon atoms at temperatures from 100.degree. to 200.degree. C.

Abstract: Synthetic lubricants comprising 15 to 45 weight percent of an ester of a monohydric alcohol of 4 to 18 carbon atoms with one or more aromatic or alkane dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 18 carbon atoms blended with 85 to 55 weight percent of one or more polyether polyols having a number average molecular weight from about 400 to 5000. The blends are compounded with antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, and metal deactivators to produce a superior lubricant for reciprocating air compressors which gives a long life to the compressors.

Abstract: Relates to deodorizing a polyoxypropylene group terminated polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol composition by removing allyloxypropan-2-ol in sufficient amount to reduce the content to less than 200 ppm.

Abstract: Alkylene oxide adducts of higher alkanols are prepared by a process which comprises contacting and reacting an alkylene oxide reactant comprising one or more C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 vicinal alkylene oxides with an alkanol reactant comprising one or more C.sub.6 to C.sub.30 alkanols in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a catalyst which combines (i) one or more sulfur-containing acids with (ii) one or more aluminum compounds selected from the group consisting of aluminum alcoholates and aluminum phenolates, the relative molar ratio of component (i) to component (ii) being in the range from about 0.1:1 to 1:1. Alkanol alkoxylates, and particularly alkanol ethoxylates, prepared in this manner are characterized by a relatively narrow-range distribution of alkylene oxide adducts and by a relatively low content of residual alkanol. The products of this process are nonionic surfactants, particularly useful as components of detergent formulations.

Abstract: A new type of ionic thickener for water-based products including functional fluids such as hydraulic fluids, cosmetic emulsions, etc. These new thickeners are prepared from polyoxyalklylene glycols, higher alkyl monoepoxides, lower alkyl monohalo lower alkyl carboxylates, and alkali metal hydroxide. These novel thickeners are generally characterized by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a methylene or lower polymethylene group, R' is a higher alkyl group and R" is selected from the group consisting of oxyethylene groups and heteric or block copolymer mixtures of oxyethylene and other lower oxyalkylene groups, said copolymer containing at least 75 percent oxyethylene groups.

Abstract: Cyclohexane derivatives of formula IR.sup.1 --Cy--CH.sub.2 --Q--(Cy).sub.m --O--(CO).sub.n --CH.sub.2 --R.sup.2 IwhereR.sup.1 denotes alkyl with 1 to 12 C atoms in which also one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CO--O-- or --CH.dbd.CH--,R.sup.2 denotes H, alkyl with 1 to 12 C atoms in which also one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --O--CO-- or --CO--O--,Cy denotes trans-1,4-cyclohexyleneQ denotes --CH.sub.2 -- or --O--,m denotes 1 or 2, andn denotes 0 or 1,are suitable as components of liquid-crystalline phases.

Abstract: Aromatic polyvinylethers and active hydrogen compound reaction products thereof have been found to provide fast heat curable molding compositions when used with various heat activated curing catalysts, for example, diaryliodonium salts in combination with aromatic polyvinylether soluble copper compounds, or dialkylhydroxyarylsulfonium salts in combination with certain organic oxidants.

Abstract: Polyethers of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R is the residue of a starting active hydrogen compound with removal of the active hydrogen atom, R.sub.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl or aryl, R.sub.2 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl, R.sub.3 is H, CH.sub.3, C.sub.2 H.sub.5 or phenyl, x is 5-100, y is 1-5, and z is 2-8 are less active than those having primary or secondary alcoholic function at terminals.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for reducing carbonylation of an aldehyde wherein the aldehyde is used as hemiacetalester, the reaction being conducted in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a cobalt carbonyl complex.The hemiacetal-ester may be formed in situ by reacting an acetal with an anhydride of acid.The process preferentially yields alkylene-glycol mono-esters, free of esterified, for a ratio H.sub.2 /CO ranging from 1:1 to 3:1 and preferentially 2-alkoxy aldehydes, for a ratio H.sub.2 /CO ranging from 0.1:1 to 0.5:1.

Abstract: This invention relates to synthetic polyether thickeners and thickened aqueous systems containing them. The thickeners are unique because they can be used in aqueous systems at less than ten percent weight concentration which will flow in a Vickers 104(C) Vane pump at use temperatures. These properties make them particularly useful for thickening hydraulic fluids used in high pressure vane and gear pumps. The thickeners are prepared by reacting conventional polyether polyols with alpha-olefin epoxides having an average of 6 to 12 total carbon atoms to obtain products with specific epoxide-to-hydroxyl ratios.

Abstract: Liquid biodegradable surfactant having oxyethylene and oxypropylene groups attached to the residue of an alcohol having a minimum iodine value of at least 40 wherein the ratio of oxyethylene groups to oxypropylene groups is at least 4:1, and the total moles of oxyethylene and oxypropylene groups is about 9 to about 10 moles per mole of the alcohol.

Abstract: Synthetic lubricants comprising 15 to 45 weight percent of an ester of a monohydric alcohol of 4 to 18 carbon atoms with one or more aromatic or alkane dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 18 carbon atoms blended with 85 to 55 weight percent of one or more polyether polyols having a number average molecular weight from about 400 to 5000. The blends are compounded with antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, and metal deactivators to produce a superior lubricant for reciprocating air compressors which gives a long life to the compressors.