Abstract: Novel alkenes leading to light producing 1,2-dioxetanes of the formula ##STR1## wherein ArOX is an aryl ring substituted with an X oxy group and A are passive organic groups which allow the 1,2-dioxetane to produce light when triggered by removing X. X is a chemically labile group which is removed by an activating agent. The 1,2-dioxetane compounds can be triggered to produce light at room temperatures.

Abstract: High quality bisphenol A is produced from a neutral crystalline adduct of bisphenol A and phenol by fusing the adduct in an atmosphere having a maximum oxygen content of 0.005% by volume, followed by evaporation of liberated phenol. The crystalline adduct may be mixed with an aliphatic carboxylic acid before the fusion to reduce the coloring of the product. When an acidic crystalline adduct is used, the use of a strong alkali salt of an aliphatic carboxylic acid is suitably used. Interior surfaces of the apparatuses for carrying out the fusion and evaporation are desirably washed with an organic solvent to remove oxygen therefrom. The evaporation of phenol is suitably performed by two stage steam stripping wherein a used stripping gas obtained in the second stage is employed as a stripping gas in the first stage while steam is used as the stripping gas in the second stage.

Abstract: The invention involves aromatic polyhydroxy compounds, including triaromatic bisphenols and tris-1,1,1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)] toluenes, and a process for the preparation thereof by reacting a phenolic compound, e.g. phenol, with a suitable halo-compound, for instance 1,1-dichloroethylbenzene, 1-chlorostyrene, or mixtures thereof. The reaction may be conducted in the presence or absence of a solvent; an excess of the phenolic compound can serve as the solvent. The product is conveniently recovered by removing the by-product HCl excess phenolic compound, excess solvent and cooling. Yields of bis-1,1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenylethane which are greater than 90% of theoretical have been obtained by the reaction of phenol and 1,1-dichloroethylbenzene, and a large portion of the yield is para isomer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing prilled bisphenol A by granulation which comprises adding compounds soluble in molten bisphenol A, not affecting adversely the melt color of bisphenol A to any significant extent, and have a melting point of 60.degree. C. or more to bisphenol A and granulating and also to a process which comprises adding the reaction mother liquor or cyrstallization mother liquor produced in the manufacturing step of bisphenol A to bisphenol A or the adduct of bispheol A and phenol or a mixture of bispheol A and phenol, removing the phenol, and granulating. The processes yield prilled bispheol A which have high strength and resist powdering.

Abstract: Novel cyclic anti-tumor promoter compounds and therapeutic compositions are disclosed, along with method for their production and use as anti-cancer and cancer-prevention agents.

Abstract: High purity, crystalline adduct of bisphenol A and phenol is produced multi-stage crystallization of a phenolic slurry of bisphenol A with a crystal separation and washing step being interposed between each of the two stages. Each of the crystallization stage includes a series of crystallization towers operated at decreasing temperatures. The crystallization of the slurry is performed by continuously discharging a portion of the slurry from each of the crystallization towers, introducing the discharged slurry into one or more coolers and then recycling the cooled slurry to the tower. Another portion of the slurry in each crystallization slurry is continuously discharged, heated for dissolving fine crystals of the adduct and then recycled to the crystallization tower so that large crystals are grown in each of the crystallization steps. An apparatus having a plurality of coolers and suitable for effecting the above crystallization is also disclosed.

Abstract: High quality bisphenol A is produced from a neutral crystalline adduct of bisphenol A and phenol by fusing the adduct in an atmosphere having a maximum oxygen content of 0.005% by volume, followed by evaporation of liberated phenol. The crystalline adduct may be mixed with an aliphatic carboxylic acid before the fusion to reduce the coloring of the product. When an acidic crystalline adduct is used, the use of a strong alkali salt of an aliphatic carboxylic acid is suitably used. Interior surfaces of the apparatuses for carrying out the fusion and evaporation are desirably washed with an organic solvent to remove oxygen therefrom. The evaporation of phenol is suitably performed by two stage steam stripping wherein a used stripping gas obtained in the second stage is employed as a stripping gas in the first stage while steam is used as the stripping gas in the second stage.

Abstract: Product quality productivity of continuous bisphenol-A (BPA) are increased by increasing the flow rate of reactants through the reactor and decreasing % acetone conversion in the presence of an ion exchange resin catalyst and an optional free mercaptan promoter.

Abstract: A method for preparing 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)ethane (TKXE) comprising subjecting two molecules of bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) methane to dehydration-condensation under oxidizing conditions, an epoxy resin prepared by epoxidating TKXE obtained by the method and an epoxy resin composition comprising TKXE obtained by the method as a hardener and an epoxy resin as well as methods for preparing the resin and composition. The method makes it possible to prepare highly pure TKXE in the form of crystals. Moreover, the epoxy resin and the epoxy resin composition can provide hardened products excellent in physical properties such as heat resistance and mechanical strength.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of bishydroxy aromatic compounds, such as 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene, involving contacting a ketone, such as fluorenone, with phenol or substituted phenol in the presence of a mercaptan cocatalyst and a solid superacid catalyst of Hammett acid strength H.sub.0 greater than about -13.0. Solid superacid catalysts include the sulfates, sulfated oxides, sulfated oxyhydroxides, and sulfated oxysilicates of aluminum, tin, and the Group IVA metals, such as zirconium, as well as mixed metal oxides, such as tungsten-zirconium oxides. Isolated yields are high for 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of bisphenols from acetone and phenols in the presence of sulfonic acid ion exchanger resins modified with alkyl-SH groups, in which 0.6 to 5% by weight H.sub.2 O is added to the mixture of phenol and acetone before the reaction.

Abstract: Bisphenols are prepared bya) reacting a phenolic compound with a carbonyl compound in a reaction mixture, containing the carbonyl compound, a stoichiometric excess of the phenolic compound and a catalyst, to produce a product mixture containing a bisphenol,b) separating bisphenol from the product mixture to leave a mother liquor andc) recycling at least a portion of the mother liquor to the reaction mixture.At least a portion of the phenolic compound is contacted with a strongly acidic cation exchange resin and a strongly basic anion exchange resin before the phenolic compound is used in the reaction step a) and/or at least a portion of the product mixture and/or at least a portion or the mother liquor is contacted with a strongly acidic cation exchange resin and a strongly basic anion exchange resin before mother liquor is recycled to the reaction mixture.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing a flame retardant product predominant in tetrabromobisphenol-A. The process comprises: (a) dissolving bisphenol-A in a methanol solvent containing up to about 5 weight percent water, wherein the ratio of methanol to bisphenol-A ranges from about 25 to about 43 moles of methanol per mole of bisphenol-A based on the total amount of methanol used and the total amount of bisphenol-A to be brominated; (b) adding to the solution in (a) from about 3.9 to about 4.2 moles of bromine per mole of bisphenol-A to be brominated while maintaining a reaction temperature in the range of from about 0.degree. to about 40.degree. C.; (c) after the bromination is substantially complete, adding water to precipitate the tetrabromobisphenol-A thus formed; and (d) purifying the precipitated tetrabromobisphenol-A so as to obtain a product predominant in tetrabromobisphenol-A containing less than about 20 ppm total ionic impurity.

Abstract: Novel cyclic anti-tumor promoter compounds and therapeutic compositions are disclosed, along with method for their production and use as anti-cancer and cancer-prevention agents.

Abstract: The mixture consists of at least one organic peroxide, at least one hydroquinone derivative of the general formulae I and/or II and/or III ##STR1## wherein R and R.sup.1, which may be identical or different, stand for H or t-alkyl, and X stands, for example, for C.sub.1-18 -alkylene, and a crosslinkage promoter, and permits the crosslinkage of polymers and at the same time extends the scorch time, which must be understood as the processing time.

Abstract: A method comprising purifying impure bisphenol-A by fractional melt crystallization in a falling film dynamic crystallizer.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing tetrabromobisphenol-A in high yield and high purity comprising: (a) forming a reaction solvent from at least one non-polar solvent and an amount of aqueous hydrogen peroxide; (b) charging an amount of alkylidenediphenol to the reaction solvent to form a reaction mass; (c) feeding an amount of bromine to the reaction mass at a temperature and for a period of time sufficient to tetra-brominate substantially all of the alkylidenediphenol thus charged; (d) maintaining during step (c) the amount of hydrogen peroxide less than an amount required to convert substantially all of the HBr which forms to elemental bromine; and (e) heat treating the formed product whereby a product having less than about 20 ppm ionic impurities is produced.

Abstract: A process which comprises reacting phenol and acetone in the presence of an acidic catalyst and thereaftera. isolating first major portion of bisphenol-A, therefore forming a purge stream comprising bisphenol-A, bisphenol-A isomers and tar,b. adding or taking from the said purge stream, if necessary, sufficient phenol so as to bring the purge stream ratio of phenol to bisphenol-A to about 5:1 to 15:1 based on moles, thereby forming an altered purge stream,c. bringing the temperature of the altered stream to a range of about 30.degree.-50.degree. C.,d. maintaining the temperature of the altered stream at about 30.degree.-50.degree. C. until about 60-85% of the bisphenol-A crystallizes as a bisphenol-A/phenol 1:1 molar adduct,e. separating the adduct from its mother liquor.

Abstract: A compound is a condensate of 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene with an aldehyde. The condensate is a macrocyclic compound such as a cyclic tetramer. The aldehyde is preferably a long-chain aldehyde such as hexanal, dodecanal or tetradecanal. The condensate can be used as an anti-wear additive in hydrocarbon liquids such as liquid paraffin or as an anti-corrosion additive. The condensate can be prepared by reacting 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene with an equimolar quantity of an aldehyde in the presence of an acid.

Abstract: Herein provided are a method for preparing 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)ethane (TKXE) comprising subjecting two molecules of bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) methane to dehydration-condensation under oxidizing conditions, an epoxy resin prepared by epoxidating TKXE obtained by the method and an epoxy resin composition comprising TKXE obtained by the method as a hardener and an epoxy resin as well as methods for preparing the resin and composition. The method makes it possible to prepare highly pure TKXE in the form of crystals. Moreover, the epoxy resin and the epoxy resin composition can provide hardened products excellent in physical properties such as heat resistance and mechanical strength.

Abstract: Dihydric phenol suitable for the preparation of polycarbonates are represented by the following formula: ##STR1##

Abstract: A process for producing tetrabromobisphenol A of high quality, which comprises brominating bisphenol A with bromine, wherein a solvent mixture comprising a hydrohalogenic acid and an alcohol, is used as the solvent for reaction. Also disclosed is a process for producing tetrabromobisphenol A of high quality, which comprises brominating bisphenol A with bromine in an alcohol, wherein the reaction temperature is set at a level of from -10.degree. to +20.degree. C., and water is added in an aging step.

Abstract: The invention is a process for the preparation of triaromatic bisphenols reacting a phenolic compound, e.g. phenol, with a suitable halo-compound, for instance 1,1-dichloroethylbenzene, 1-chlorostyrene, or mixtures thereof. The reaction may be conducted in the presence or absence of a solvent; an excess of the phenolic compound can serve as the solvent. The product is conveniently recovered by removing the by-product HCl, excess phenolic compound, excess solvent and cooling. Yields of bis-1,1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenylethane which are greater than 90% of theoretical have been obtained by the reaction of phenol and 1,1-dichloroethylbenzene and a large portion of the yield is para isomer.

Abstract: The quality of a product predominant in tetrabromobisphenol-A is enhanced by heat treating the product for a period of time and at a temperature which are sufficient to obtain a TBBPA predominant product having less than about 50 ppm of hydrohalide impurities.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to improving purity of a bisphenol product in a bisphenol by-product isomerization process wherein isomers of bisphenol are isomerized to the desired bisphenol product. During the isomerization, acidic resin fines elute from the acidic ion exchange resin catalyst into the reaction effluent. These resin fines can be filtered effectively and without contamination by a bed of solid particles such as alumina or carbon. The removal of resin fines improves the product quality and yield by eliminating resin particulates and reducing acid catalyzed cracking of bisphenols during purification and finishing steps.

Abstract: Tetrabromobisphenol-A is made in high purity by adding a methanol-bromine solution to a methanol-bisphenol-A solution with vigorous agitation. Use of the bromine-methanol solution reduces the amount of by-products compared to the use of liquid bromine feed to a methanol-bisphenol-A solution. The process is readily adapted to large scale equipment by circulating the reaction mixture from the reaction vessel through an external closed loop which includes an impingement mixer. The bromine-methanol feed is pumped at the proper rate and ratio into the impingement mixture whereby it impinges with the circulating reaction mixture. The resultant bromination mixture is then returned to the reaction vessel.

Abstract: A process for producing tetrabromobisphenol A, which comprises brominating bisphenol A in methanol, wherein the substrate concentration of bisphenol A to methanol is at most 20 wt/vol %.

Abstract: Tetrabromobisphenol-A is made in high purity and increased yield by adding a methanol-bromine solution to a methanol bisphenol-A solution with vigorous agitation. The amount of methanol in the reaction vessel is adjusted to yield a ratio of tetrabromobisphenol-A to methanol when the reaction is substantially complete that provides a lower amount of Hbr impurity in the tetrabromobisphenol-A product. An increased recovery of tetrabromobisphenol-A product is achieved by adjusting the water added to the reaction vessel when the bromination reaction is essentially complete.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of bisphenols and bisphenol mixtures by the isomerization of bisphenols on acid or alkaline catalysts in the presence of the corresponding phenols.

Abstract: A process for producing tetrabromobisphenol A, which comprises brominating bisphenol A in methanol, wherein the substrate concentration of bisphenol A to methanol is at most 20 wt/vol %.

Abstract: Bis-phenols are isomerized in the presence of an acidic perfluorinated polymer catalyst.

Abstract: Ring-arylcyclobutenealkylated di(hydroxyphenyl) compounds having at least one arylcyclobutenealkyl moiety attached to at least one of the phenyl rings self-cure upon heating to produce rigid, relatively insoluble resins of the thermoset type.

Abstract: Reducing 3,3', 5,5'-tetra-t-butyldiphenoquinone with 2,6-di-t-butylphenol, in the melt, in the presence of a 4-dialkylaminopyridine, and then dealkylating the intermediate formed, in the melt, by adding a phosphorus-containing acid or its derivative provides 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl of high purity in high yield.

Abstract: A novel compound, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-ol, and a novel preparation process of 4,4'-biphenol by using the novel compound as the raw material.4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-ol can be obtained by conducting a thermal decomposition reaction of 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexanol. 4,4'-Biphenol can be industrially manufactured by conducting a dehydrogenation reaction of 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-ol.

Abstract: This invention is a process for the preparation of bisphenol A from acetone and phenol. By this invention, the formation of by-products is extremely decreased and post treatment steps can be simplified.This invention involves the following steps. (1) One mole of acetone is reacted with 4 to 12 moles of phenol in the presence of a sulfonic acid type cation exchange resin catalyst modified with a mercapto group-containing compound such as mercaptoethylamine to convert 20 to 60% of acetone, and (2) the reaction mixture containing unreacted acetone is successively reacted to the presence of the hydrochloric acid catalyst.The formation of by-products such as 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, Dianin's compound and the like is remarkably reduced by the process of this invention.

Abstract: This invention relates to an ionic exchanger modified with thiazolines, to its preparation and to its use for the preparation of condensation products, particularly bisphenols.

Abstract: Processes for preparing biphenols by oxidation coupling of phenols, to which the present invention is directed, are characterized in that said oxidation coupling reaction is carried out under such conditions that the same diphenoquinones as those produced as by-products at the time when said oxidation coupling is effected are added to the reaction system. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, moreover, the yield of biphenols can be enhanced by the reuse in the abovementioned reaction of diphenoquinones recovered from the reaction mixture containing the same.

Abstract: By-products of bis-phenol synthesis are isomerized in the presence of a mercapto modified cation exchange resin catalyst.

Abstract: By-products of bis-phenol synthesis are isomerized in the presence of an acid catalyst and a free mercaptan co-catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing 2,2-bis(4'-hydroxyphenyl)propanes represented by the following general formula (2): ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.2 represents hydrogen atom or a hologen atom and the four R.sup.2 may be identical or different, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 which may be identical or different represent hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group or a halogen atom, p and q which may be identical or different represent integers of 1-4, a is 2 or 3 and b is 2 when a is 2 and is 1 when a is 3), characterized by reacting at least one phenol represented by the following formula (1): ##STR2## (wherein R.sup.1 has the same meaning as R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 and n is an integer of 1-4) with an unsaturated carbon compound represented by the general formula: C.sub.3 R.sub.4.sup.2 (wherein R.sup.2 has the same meaning as in the formula (2) and the four R.sup.2 may be identical or different) in the presence of hydrochloric acid.

Abstract: Tetrabromobisphenol-A is made in high purity by adding a methanol-bromine solution to a methanol-bisphenol-A solution with vigorous agitation. Use of the bromine-methanol solution reduces the amount of by-products compared to the use of liquid bromine feed to a methanol-bisphenol-A solution. The process is readily adapted to large scale equipment by circulating the reaction mixture from the reaction vessel through an external closed loop which includes an impingement mixer. The bromine-methanol feed is pumped at the proper rate and ratio into the impingement mixture whereby it impinges with the circulating reaction mixture. The resultant bromination mixture is then returned to the reaction vessel.

Abstract: A triphenol type compound represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 independently represent hydrogen, a halogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl group or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkoxy group.The triphenol type compound can be used, as a branching agent for the production of a polycarbonate comprising (A) a carbonic acid component unit, (B) a divalent phenol component unit, and (C) a tripenol type compound component unit derived from the above-mentioned triphenol type compound. The triphenol type compound unit (C) is used in an amount of 0.01 to 10 mole %, based on the divalent phenol component unit (B) and the intrinsic viscosity [.eta.], determined at 25.degree. C. in methylene chloride, of the polycarbonate is 0.4 to 1.0 dl/g and the glass transition temperature (Tg), determined by a differential scanning type calorimeter is 150.degree. C. to 300.degree. C.

Abstract: Prepare novel ring-brominated derivatives of tetraalkyl dihydroxy diaromatic compounds, e.g. 4,4'-(1,2-ethanediyl)bis(3,5-dibromo-2,6-dimethyl-phenol).

Abstract: A process for the production of diphenolic compounds having a divalent bridge. A first disubstituted phenol is reacted with an aldehyde in the presence of a secondary amine and excess alcohol to form an ether intermediate. The ether intermediate is reacted with a phenol having an open ortho or para position to form a diphenolic.

Abstract: Novel heat resistant polycarbonates are provided which are the polymerized reaction products of:(i) a carbonate precursor; and(ii) at least one dihydric phenol selected from dihydric phenols represented by the general formulae ##STR1## wherein: each R.sup.1 is independently selected from halogen radicals, monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, and monovalent hydrocarbonoxy radicals;each R.sup.2 is independently selected from halogen radicals, monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, and monovalent hydrocarbonoxy radicals;R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently selected from monovalent hydrocarbon radicals;R.sup.3 is selected from hydrogen and monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, with the proviso that if R.sup.3 is a hydrogen radical than at least one of the monovalent hydrocarbon radicals represented by R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 contains at least two carbon atoms;R.sup.7 is selected from hydrogen and monovalent hydrocarbon radicals;R.sup.

Abstract: Novel ring-brominated derivatives of the diepoxides of tetraalkyl dihydroxydiaromatic compounds, e.g., the diglycidyl ether of 3,5-dibromo-4-(2-(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)ethyl)-2,6-dimethyl phenol.

Abstract: Prepare 3,3',5-tribromo-2,2',6,6'-tetra(primary alkyl)-1,1'-biphenol in high yields by contacting a 3,3',5,5'-tetra-substituted diphenoquinone and a brominating agent under proper reaction conditions.

Abstract: Prepare novel ring-brominated derivatives of tetraalkyl dihydroxy diaromatic compounds, e.g. 4,4'-(1,2-ethanediyl)bis(3,5-dibromo-2,6-dimethyl-phenol).

Abstract: Processes for the preparation of bisphenols from phenols and substituted vicinal glycols, or unsaturated alcohols or substituted dienes resulting in bisphenols represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from monovalent hydrocarbon and monovalent hydrocarbonoxy radicals of one to four carbon atoms, or from halogen radicals;R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 is each a lower alkyl radical, preferably of one to four carbon atoms, aryl radicals, alkaryl radicals, aralkyl radicals, and cycloalkyl radicals, and is the same or different; R.sup.5 may also be hydrogen.n and n.sup.1 are independently selected from whole numbers having a value of from 0 to 4 inclusive.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of bisphenols and bisphenol mixtures by the isomerization of bisphenols on acid or alkaline catalysts in the presence of the corresponding phenols.