Abstract: The present invention refers to a process for hydrogenation of caprolactone and/or its oligomers or polymers to 1,6-hexanediol. The process is performed in liquid phase at a pressure between 100 and 350 bar and is performed in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of at least one catalyst comprising Cu, Mn, Al, Cr, Zn, Ba and/or Zr.

Abstract: Simple, economical preparative processes for the provision of pure hydroxyl functional materials derived by converting unsaturated molecules found in animal fats into hydroxyl groups are presented herein. The hydroxylated animal fats can be reacted with isocyanates to form polyurethane articles.

Abstract: Eukaryotic protein-coding messenger RNAs and non-coding microRNAs are naturally transcribed by type II RNA polymerases (pol-2) but not prokaryotic RNA polymerases. As a result, current eukaryotic RNA and protein production is performed either using eukaryotic pol-2 promoters in hybridomas or mammalian cells or using prokaryotic promoters in bacterial cells. However, because prokaryotic RNA transcription tends to be error-prone, frequent mutation is a big problem. Also, growing hybridomas or mammalian cells is relatively laborious and costly. To overcome these problems, the present invention provides a novel inducible composition and method for producing eukaryotic RNAs and/or their related peptides/proteins directly using eukaryotic pol-2 promoter-driven gene expression in fast growing bacteria, without the need of changing to prokaryotic promoters or growing hybridomas/mammalian cells.

Abstract: Methods and systems for the hydroxylation of olefenic alcohols are described herein. The methods and systems incorporate the novel use of a high shear device to promote mixing and solubility of peroxides with the olefenic alcohol. The high shear device may allow for lower reaction temperatures and pressures and may also reduce hydroxylation time with existing catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel hydroxyl compounds, compositions comprising hydroxyl compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing a variety of diseases and conditions such as, but not limited to aging, Alzheimer's Disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, a disorder of glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia, hypertension, impotence, inflammation, insulin resistance, lipid elimination in bile, obesity, oxysterol elimination in bile, pancreatitis, pancreatitius, Parkinson's disease, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-associated disorder, phospholipid elimination in bile, renal disease, septicemia, metabolic syndrome disorders (e.g., Syndrome X), thrombotic disorder. Compounds and methods of the invention can also be used to modulate C reactive protein or enhance bile production in a patient.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for generating propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and other polyols, diols, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and alcohols from biomass using hydrogen produced from the biomass. The methods involve reacting a portion of an aqueous stream of a biomass feedstock solution over a catalyst under aqueous phase reforming conditions to produce hydrogen, and then reacting the hydrogen and the aqueous feedstock solution over a catalyst to produce propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and the other polyols, diols, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and alcohols. The disclosed methods can be run at lower temperatures and pressures, and allows for the production of oxygenated hydrocarbons without the need for hydrogen from an external source.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the production of propylene glycol from glycerol, the transformation of purified glycerol to propylene glycol being carried out by means of a reaction of hydrogenolysis, in the liquid phase, where the two stages of the reaction take place simultaneously and in one and the same reactor (1) under specified conditions of temperature and pressure, and the effluent from the fixed-bed reactor (1) is led to subsequent process stages that comprise separation and purification.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a system for hydrating an alkylene oxide that includes a high shear device configured to form a dispersion of an alkylene oxide and water, the high shear device comprising a rotor, a stator, and a catalytic surface, wherein the dispersion comprises gas bubbles with an average gas bubble diameter of less than about 5 ?m; a pump configured for delivering a liquid stream to the high shear device; and a reactor coupled to the high shear device, and configured to receive the dispersion from the high shear device, wherein the alkylene oxide is hydrated in the reactor.

Abstract: A method for recycling cutting fluid includes preparing and processing a cutting fluid of silicon including a silicon mixture and a cutting fluid at an anoxic circumstance of 150° C. to 350° C. in a container, to obtain a vaporized cutting fluid and a silicon slurry; and condensing the vaporized cutting fluid to obtain a recycling cutting fluid.

Abstract: A method of producing calcium carbonate from lime comprises the steps of: (i) providing an aqueous solution comprising 10% to 35% by weight of dissolved polyhydroxy compound and 1% to 5% by weight of dissolved calcium hydroxide (expressed as Ca(OH)2) and having a pH of at least 11.5; (ii) treating the solution prepared in step (i) to remove solids including suspended solids; (iii) dispersing carbon dioxide through the solution so as to form calcium carbonate with a consequential reduction in the pH of the reaction mixture, (iv) during a time period beginning at the start of a sudden, short rise in pH and ended during a subsequent fall in pH but before it reaches 9.5 terminating the dispersion of carbon dioxide and adding an alkaline reagent to maintain a pH for the product mixture of at least 9.5, and (v) recovering precipitated calcium carbonate.

Abstract: A method for chemical modification of graphene includes dry etching graphene to provide an etched graphene; and introducing a functional group at an edge of the etched graphene. Also disclosed is graphene, including an etched edge portion, the etched portion including a functional group.

Abstract: The invention provides an aqueous ophthalmic composition, containing a beta blocker such as timolol, carteolol or the like, and a sugar alcohol such as mannitol, sorbitol or the like, optionally together with boric acid. The composition of the invention can improve the corneal permeability of a drug, so that the dose of the drug can be lowered, for example by decreasing the frequency of application to the eyes. It is therefore expected that the risk of systemic side effects which may be induced by the application of the beta blocker to the eyes, including cardiotoxicity or respiratory toxicity can be reduced. The decrease in the frequency of application of ophthalmic solution can favorably improve the QOL and prevent the decrease of therapeutic effect which may be caused by missing the application to the eyes.

Abstract: The invention provides processes for preparing soy-based oligomeric polyols or substituted oligomeric polyols, as well as urethane bioelasteromers comprising the oligomeric polyols or substituted oligomeric polyols.

Abstract: A non-naturally occurring microbial organism having a 1,3-butanediol (1,3-BDO) pathway includes at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding a 1,3-BDO pathway enzyme or protein expressed in a sufficient amount to produce 1,3-BDO. A method for producing 1,3-BDO that includes culturing the this non-naturally occurring microbial organism under conditions and for a sufficient period of time to produce 1,3-BDO.

Abstract: Disclosed are a polyol with a molecular weight distribution Mw/Mn of 4 or more, obtained by reacting a compound comprising an alkylene oxide compound (II) having a hydroxyl group in a base polyol (I) with a molecular weight of 2000 or more; and a polyol composition for a flexible polyurethane foam, comprising a polyol compound and a crosslinker, wherein the crosslinker comprises a polyol (a) with a hydroxyl value of 50 to 1100 mgKOH/g and with a primary hydroxylate ratio of 25% or more and 60% or less, which is obtained by an addition of a compound comprising alkylene oxide compound (ii) having a hydroxyl group to active hydrogen compound (i).

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting polysaccharides to platform chemicals. The process comprises dissolving the polysaccharides in a inorganic molten salt hydrate, converting the polysaccharides to monosaccharides, and converting the monosaccharides to platform chemicals that are easily separable from the inorganic molten salt hydrate. Preferably the polysaccharides are provided in the form of a biomass, more preferably a ligno-cellulosic biomass.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to methods and systems relating to the selection of substrates comprising crystalline templates for the controlled crystallization of molecular species. In some embodiments, the methods and systems allow for the controlled crystallization of a molecular species in a selected polymorphic form. In some embodiments, the molecular species is a small organic molecule (e.g., pharmaceutically active agent).

Abstract: A method for utilizing cultivated plant biomass components, namely cellulose, hemicellose, and lignin, and converting them to value-added biobased chemical products is described herein. The present method provides treatments to obtain a plurality of component streams from cultivated plant biomass for producing derivative products while minimizing waste products.

Abstract: A method for utilizing agricultural biomass components, namely cellulose, hemicellose, and lignin, and converting them to value-added biobased chemical products is described herein. The present method provides treatments to obtain a plurality of component streams from agricultural biomass for producing derivative products while minimizing waste products.

Abstract: A method for utilizing woody biomass components, namely cellulose, hemicellose, and lignin, and converting them to value-added biobased chemical products is described herein. The present method provides treatments to obtain a plurality of component streams from woody biomass for producing derivative products while minimizing waste products.

Abstract: A method for producing arabitol, and more particularly to producing arabitol in a major amount based on a total weight of all polyols produced and in relatively high concentration from a mixture including a carbon source such as glycerol. The method includes in one embodiment utilizing select yeast strains to produce arabitol in high yield while minimizing the amounts of other polyols, using carbon sources such as glycerol as a component in a medium. In a beneficial embodiment, biodiesel byproduct glycerol is used as the substrate for arabitol production.

Abstract: The present disclosure is a method and system for electrochemically co-producing a first product and a second product. The system may include a first electrochemical cell, a first reactor, a second electrochemical cell, at least one second reactor, and at least one third reactor. The method and system for co-producing a first product and a second product may include co-producing a glycol and an alkene employing a recycled halide.

Abstract: A method of production of value-added, biobased chemicals, derivative products, and/or purified glycerin from animal-based bioglycerin is described herein. A method of purification of animal-based bioglycerin is also described herein. The method of purification of animal-based bioglycerin described provides methods for desalinating, decolorizing, and/or concentrating animal-based bioglycerin for the production of biobased chemicals, derivative products, and/or purified glycerin.

Abstract: A method of production of value-added, biobased chemicals, derivative products, and/or purified glycerin from bioglycerin of recycled oil, grease, and/or fat origin is described herein. A method of purification of bioglycerin of recycled oil, grease, and/or fat origin is also described herein. The method of purification of bioglycerin of recycled oil, grease, and/or fat origin described provides methods for desalinating, decolorizing, and/or concentrating bioglycerin of recycled oil, grease, and/or fat origin for the production of biobased chemicals, derivative products, and/or purified glycerin.

Abstract: A method of purification and production of value-added, biobased chemicals and derivative products from crude bioglycerin is described herein. The present method provides methods for desalinating, decolorizing, and concentrating bioglycerin for the production of biobased chemicals or purified bioglycerin.

Abstract: A method of production of value-added, biobased chemicals, derivative products, and/or purified glycerin from plant-based bioglycerin is described herein. A method of purification of plant-based bioglycerin is also described herein. The method of purification of plant-based bioglycerin described provides methods for desalinating, decolorizing, and/or concentrating plant-based bioglycerin for the production of biobased chemicals, derivative products, and/or purified glycerin.

Abstract: A copper wiring material surface protective liquid for production of a semiconductor device is provided, containing an oxyalkylene adduct of an acetylenediol containing an acetylenediol having an oxyalkylene having 2 or 3 carbon atoms added thereto. A method for producing a semiconductor circuit device is provided, containing: forming an insulating film and/or a diffusion preventing film on a silicon substrate; then forming a copper film by a sputtering method; then forming a copper wiring containing 80% by mass or more of copper thereon by a plating method; and flattening the wiring by a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) method, thereby providing a semiconductor substrate containing a copper wiring, the semiconductor substrate having an exposed surface of a copper wiring material being treated by making in contact with the copper wiring material surface protective liquid.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel synthesis's for obtaining a protecting group aminoxy PEG-6 linker from cost effective, and readily available starting materials and chemicals or modified polyethylene glycols. More specifically, a novel synthesis of obtaining a modified Boc-protected aminoxy PEG-6 linker was achieved so that said linker may be attached to a vector such as a peptide based fragment.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for the production of a base complex catalyst comprising reacting a hydroxide base with a polyalcohol, under vacuum pressure, at a temperature in the range of about 60° C. to about 220° C., wherein the mole ratio of the hydroxide base to the polyalcohol is greater than about 2:1.

Abstract: Methods of processing chemicals change their structure, and in particular increase their solubility and/or rate of dissolution, for intermediates and products made from the structurally changed materials. Many of the methods provide materials that can be more readily utilized in reactions or other processes to produce useful intermediates and products, e.g., energy, fuels, foods or materials. Chemicals that are treated using the processes described herein can be used to form highly concentrated solutions. Treatment can change the functionality of the chemical, and thus the polarity of the chemical, which may render the treated chemical soluble in solvents in which the untreated chemical is insoluble or only sparingly or partially soluble. Methods may in some cases increase the solubility of the chemical in water or aqueous media. The chemical may be, for example, a solid, liquid, or gel, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to bacterial cellulose-based ice bags and their production methods thereof. Bacterial cellulose membranes used in the present invention are produced through the fermentation of cellulose-producing microorganisms. Ice bags with three sealed sides and one open side are made from water-impermeable (under room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure) bacterial cellulose membranes. The bags are filled with filler materials and then sterilized at 120 degrees C. for 30 minutes and sealed aseptically. The use of bacterial cellulose as the packaging material solves the problems associated with conventional ice bags. The advantages of the present invention include: no condensation at the bag surface, smaller temperature changes during the course of application, and longer lasting ice therapy session. In addition, bacterial cellulose membrane is safe and non-toxic, and has excellent biocompatibility, plasticity and higher mechanical strength, making it an ideal packaging material for ice bags.

Abstract: Provided herein are non-naturally occurring eukaryotic organisms that can be engineered to produce and increase the availability of cytosolic acetyl-CoA. Also provided herein are non-naturally occurring eukaryotic organisms having a 1,3-butanediol (1,3-BDO) pathway. and methods of using such organisms to produce 1,3-BDO.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of preparing a hyperbranched organic modifier which comprises reacting (a) a tertiary amine compound having at least two terminal hydroxyl groups with (b) at least one multifunctional monomer having at least two terminal functional groups capable of reacting with said hydroxyl groups. The present invention also provides an organo-modified clay treated with the hyperbranched organic modifier.

Abstract: Methods of converting cellulose or related biorenewable carbohydrate materials into high-value chemical compounds. The methods provide a means of converting low-cost materials such as cellulose and biomass into high yields of compounds such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, methanol, hydroxyacetone, glycolaldehyde and dihydroxyacetone.

Abstract: The catalyst comprises at least a metal component and at least a non-metallic conducting component as supplement component. The metal component generally contains one or more metals of the groups VIb, VIIb or VIIIb of the periodic table. The supplement component is e.g. a conducting carbon material like graphite, a conducting polymer or a conducting metal oxide. Preferably it is hydrophobic or made hydrophobic. The catalyst is used for hydroprocessing of bio-feedstock like vegetable oils to produce fuels, which are aliphatic hydrocarbons comparable to conventional fuel from mineral oil.

Abstract: A liquid composition in an osmotic drug delivery system and a dosage form in an osmotic drug delivery system is disclosed comprising an amphiphilic molecule, a non-aqueous liquid solvent, and a pharmaceutically active agent.

Abstract: A double-walled plastic jar for cosmetic materials, having an inner compartment to hold the cosmetic, and an annular outer side wall defining the exterior of the jar. The inner compartment carries the lip that seals with a screw cap, and also carries an external skirt, which latter has the screw threads for engagement by the cap. In addition, a weight is disposed in a-concealed manner in the base of the jar, between the walls, to give the jar a heft feel, characteristic of glass or thick plastic walls.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for obtaining neopentyl glycol by hydrogenating cracking of high-boilers occurring in the production process in the presence of copper-chromite catalysts. The hydrogenating cracking proceeds in the absence of solvent at a temperature of 140 to 220° C. and at pressures of 7 to 28 MPa.

Abstract: Methods and systems for preparing alkylene glycols are described herein. The methods and systems incorporate the novel use of a high shear device to promote dispersion and solubility of alkylene oxides with water. The high shear device may allow for lower reaction temperatures and pressures and may also reduce reaction time.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide for polyurethane gels or soft elastomers which incorporate renewable resources without compromising the physical and chemical properties of the gels or soft elastomers, such as resistance to many chemicals.

Abstract: A method of hydrothermal hydrocatalytic treating biomass is provided. Lignocellulosic biomass is treated with a digestive solvent to form a pretreated biomass containing soluble carbohydrates. The pretreated biomass is contacted, with hydrogen at a temperature in the range of 150° C. to less than 300° C. in the presence of a pH buffering agent and a supported hydrogenolysis catalyst containing (a) sulfur, (b) Mo or W, and (c) Co, Ni or mixture thereof, incorporated into a suitable support, to form a plurality of oxygenated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The invention provides a process and a reactor for the preparation of an alkylene glycol from an alkylene oxide. Alkylene oxide, water, a homogeneous carboxylation catalyst and a homogenous hydrolysis catalyst are supplied to a reactor comprising a carboxylation zone and a hydrolysis zone. One or more ejectors are used to mix carbon dioxide and the liquid reagents in the carboxylation zone so that alkylene oxide reacts with carbon dioxide in the presence of water in the carboxylation zone to form a reaction solution comprising alkylene carbonate, water, the homogeneous carboxylation catalyst and the homogeneous hydrolysis catalyst. The reaction solution is supplied from the carboxylation zone to a hydrolysis zone, wherein alkylene carbonate and water react to form a product solution comprising alkylene glycol, the homogeneous carboxylation catalyst and the homogeneous hydrolysis catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for improving the overall selectivity of an EO process for converting ethylene to ethylene oxide utilizing a highly selective EO silver catalyst containing a rhenium promoter wherein following normal operation a hard strip of the chloride on the surface of the catalyst is conducted in order to remove a portion of the chlorides on the surface of the catalyst. Following the hard strip, the catalyst is optionally re-optimized. Surprisingly, it has been found that the selectivity of the catalyst following the hard strip may be substantially higher than the selectivity prior to the hard strip.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid pharmaceutical formulation comprising a therapeutic protein, a surfactant and at least an antioxidant selected from the group of radical scavengers, chelating agents or chain terminators.

Abstract: Deicing compositions comprised of hydroxyl-containing organic compounds and/or organic acid salts are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing low color glycols that comprises altering at least one condition of a reaction component and/or process stream within the process to be unfavorable for the formation of at least one color-producing contaminant intermediate. As such, such intermediates may be reduced in concentration, or even eliminated entirely, from glycols produced by the process. Since they are not present, or are present in reduced number, the intermediates cannot form color-producing contaminants in the glycols, and low color glycols are provided to the customer. Any condition that can discourage the formation of color forming contaminant intermediates can be adjusted, although conditions that can be adjusted by materials or equipment already utilized in the process, e.g.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for the synthesis of glycerol dithiocarbamates or bis-dithiocarbamates (GDTCs) in which a reaction medium comprising (1) a carbonate selected from diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and ethylene or propylene carbonate associated with a glycerol type polyol in the presence of a basic catalyst or (2) a cyclic carbonate comprising five ring members, in a solvent medium, is supplemented with a primary or secondary amine in the presence of carbon disulphide, and the GDTC formed is recovered. In particular, a glycerol type polyol is brought into the presence of diethyl carbonate in the presence of a catalyst, then a primary or secondary amine is added to the reaction medium in the presence of carbon disulphide, and the GDTC formed is recovered. The invention can be used for one-step synthesis of glycerol dithiocarbamates directly from glycerol as the starting material and solvent.

Abstract: Systems and methods of producing chemical compounds are disclosed. An example chemical production system includes a combustion chamber having intake ports for entry of a gas mixture. An igniter ignites the gas mixture in the intake chamber to facilitate a reaction at a high temperature and high pressure. A nozzle restricts exit of the ignited gas mixture from the combustion chamber. An expansion chamber cools the ignited gas. The expansion chamber has an exhaust where the cooled gas exits the expansion chamber. A chemical compound product is formed in the expansion chamber.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing dichloropropanol via reaction between glycerol and/or monochloropropanediol and a chlorinating agent in a reactor which is supplied with one or more liquid streams, in which the sum of the glycerol and monochloropropanediol contents in all the liquid streams introduced into the reactor is less than 50 wt % and in which all the liquid streams introduced into the reactor comprise at least one liquid recycling stream, the recycling stream forming at least 10 wt % of all the liquid streams introduced into the reactor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a hydrogenolysis product of a polyhydric alcohol in the presence of a catalyst in which a conversion rate of the polyhydric alcohol as well as a selectivity to the hydrogenolysis product, in particular, a selectivity of glycerol to propanediols, can be enhanced. The process for producing a hydrogenolysis product of a polyhydric alcohol according to the present invention includes the step of subjecting a polyhydric alcohol solution having a water content of less than 10% by mass to hydrogenolysis by a fixed-bed continuous liquid phase reaction method in the presence of a hydrogenolysis catalyst.