Abstract: Polyarylalkane oligomer compositions containing essentially of a mixture of isomers of benzylcumene and its higher homologues and a mixture of isomers of bis(isopropylphenyl)phenylmethane; the method of making such compositions by first reacting chlorine with toluene, xylene, or a mixture of toluene and xylene in the presence of a radical generator, removing the unreacted toluene and/or xylene, and then subjecting the reaction product to the action of an inorganic halide or of an inorganic acid in the presence of a benzene-related compound; and microcapsules containing color-forming material wherein the compositions are used as solvents for the color-forming material.

Abstract: Fluid flow friction loss of a hydrocarbon liquid is improved by adding a small amount of a copolymer of divinylbenzene and a linear alpha-olefin or a copolymer of vinyl siloxane and a linear alpha-olefin to the liquid hydrocarbon. A preferred catalyst for producing these materials is also described.

Abstract: A liquid polymer composition contains:(A) a liquid low molecular weight ethylene-.alpha.-olefin copolymer comprising 30 to 70 mol % of ethylene component units and 30 to 70 mol % of .alpha.-olefin component units, having a number average molecular weight (Mn) in the range of 150 to 10000, with a Q-value (weight average molecular weight/number average molecular weight) of 3 or less, and(B) A high molecular weight polymer which is in an amount of 0.05 to 100 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the liquid low molecular weight polymer (A), having a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 20000 or higher, witha Q-value of 6 or less, and is soluble in the liquid low molecular weight polymer (A), which liquid polymer composition has an excellent viscosity characteristic, lubrication characteristic, and oxidation stability, without denaturation by moisture adsorption, and therefore, is suitable for use as an actuation oil.

Abstract: An oil consumption controlling additive for heavy duty diesel engines comprising a polymer.

Abstract: A star-shaped polymer useful as a polymeric VI improver comprising at least one arm which is a block copolymer containing a cunjugated diolefin block and a monoalkenyl aromatic hydrocarbon block and a plurality of arms which are either a homopolymer of a conjugated diolefin or a copolymer of two or more conjugated diolefin or a copolymer of two or more conjugated diolefins. Oil compositions comprising star-shaped VI improvers of this type exhibit relativelylow HTHSR viscosities, and hence, improved fuel efficients when used in automotive applications. Oil compositions comprising star-shaped VI improvers of this type also exhibit improved low temperature pumpability.

Abstract: Pitch that is obtained from a condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and the content of an optically anisotropic phase in which is substantially 100% is disclosed. This mesophase pitch has a H/C atomic ratio of 0.5-1.0, contains naphthenic carbon in an amount of at least 7% of the total carbon, and has a softening point of 180.degree.-400.degree. C. Fibers melt-spun from this mesophase pitch can be converted to carbon or graphite fibers having high strength and modulus of elasticity by a heat treatment which consists of heating to a temperature of 250.degree.-300.degree. C. in an air atmosphere, then heating to 1,000.degree. C. or higher in an inert gas atmosphere. Such mesophase pitch is produced by polymerizing a condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon for 5-300 minutes at a temperature of 180.degree.-400.degree. C. and at a pressure of 5-100 atmospheres in the presence of 0.1-20 moles of HF and 0.05-1 mole of BF.sub.3 per mole of the condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Compositions useful as pour point depressants, novel compounds within such compositions, and processes for making same, as well as lubricant oil compositions containing same, are disclosed. The novel compounds are encompassed by the general structural formula (I)Ar(R)--[Ar'(R')].sub.n --Ar" (I)wherein the Ar, Ar' and Ar" are independently an aromatic moiety containing 1 to 3 aromatic rings and each aromatic moiety is substituted with 0 to 3 substituents, (R) and (R') are independently an alkylene group containing about 1 to 100 carbon atoms with the proviso that at least one of (R) or (R') is CH.sub.2, and n is 0 to about 1000; with the proviso that if n is 0, then (R) is CH.sub.2 and each aromatic moiety is independently substituted with 0 to 3 substituents with one aromatic moiety having at least one substituent, the substituents being selected from the group consisting of a substituent derived from an olefin and a substituent derived from a chlorinated hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A novel optically anisotropic pitch is provided which is produced by thermal modification of a polymer having a structure of an alkylbenzene and a condensed aromatic compound with two to four fused rings bonded to each other via a methylene group.In preferred embodiments, the optical anisotropy is 80% or more. As the alkylbenzene there may be used xylene, trimethylbenzene or tetramethylbenzene. As the condensed aromatic compound with two to four fused rings, there may be used naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, or naphthacene. The polymer starting material may be obtained by the reaction of a xylene formalin resin, mesitylene formalin resin or alkylbenzene and a condensed aromatic compound with two to four fused rings in the presence of a protonic acid as a catalyst.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount, effective to inhibit the accumulation of black sludge in a gasoline fueled internal combustion engine, of an aliphatic hydrocarbon substituted aromatic hydrocarbon. The aliphatic hydrocarbon substituted aromatic hydrocarbon comprises a compound of the formulaAr--R--(Ar).sub.nwherein each Ar is independently an aromatic nucleus having from 0 to 3 substituents, R is a hydrocarbyl group, and n is an integer ranging from 1 to about 6. In a further embodiment, the aliphatic hydrocarbon substituted aromatic hydrocarbon further comprises from about 1 to about 50 percent by weight of tetrahydronaphthalene or hydrocarbyl substituted tetrahydronaphthalenes.

Abstract: A process for producing an optically anisotropic pitch for use in the production of high performance carbon fibers, wherein a compound represented by the formula (1) as a raw starting material is mixed with one of heavy oils and subjected to thermal modification: ##STR1## wherein m is an integer of 2 or more; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 each represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group; and R.sub.5 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. The pitch has a softening point which can be set at discretion and excellent molecular orientation.

Abstract: A process for producing pitch useful as a starting material for the manufacture of a carbon material is provided. The pitch is produced by polymerizing a condensed nuclear aromatic compound or a material containing the same. The polymerization is carried out in the presence of a hydrogen fluoride/boron trifluoride catalyst system. The condensed nuclear aromatic compounds which may be used in this process are naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, pyrene and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Compositions useful as pour point depressants, novel compounds within such compositions, and processes for making same, as well as lubricant oil compositions containing same, are disclosed. The novel compounds are encompassed by the general structural formula (I) ##STR1## wherein the Ar, Ar' and Ar" are independently an aromatic moiety containing 1 to 3 aromatic rings and each aromatic moiety is substituted with 0 to 3 substituents, (R) and (R') are independently an alkylene group containing about 1 to 100 carbon atoms with the proviso that at least one of (R) or (R') is CH.sub.2, and n is 0 to about 1000; with the proviso that if n is 0, then (R) is CH.sub.2 and each aromatic moiety is independently substituted with 0 to 3 substituents with one aromatic moiety having at least one substituent, the substituents being selected from the group consisting of a substituent derived from an olefin and a substituent derived from a chlorinated hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A sysnthetic lubricating oil comprising at least one monosubstituted naphthalene derivative such as .beta.-t.-amylinaphthalene, .beta.-(1,1-dimethyldecyl) naphthalene or .beta.-(.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl) naphthalene.

Abstract: A pitch having optical anisotropy for use in production of carbon fibers, wherein the pitch is prepared using a compound represented by the formula (I) as a raw starting material and subjecting the compound to thermal modification and then removing light fractions ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 each represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group or an ethyl group; R.sub.5 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; the total number of carbon atoms of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is from 2 to 4 and the total number of carbon atoms of R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8 and R.sub.9 is from 2 to 4; and m is at least 3. The pitch is substantially homogeneous in quality, has a low softening point and has excellent molecular orientation.

Abstract: A functional fluid composition is provided suitable for high shear applications employing a major amount of a tertiary-butylphenyl/phenyl phosphate and a minor amount of a polyol ester as a base stock and a homopolymer of polystyrene having a molecular weight between 200,000 and 300,000.

Abstract: Fluid solutions, e.g. mineral oil solutions, of polydispersed polymers have improved resistance to mechanical shear when said polymers have a narrow molecular weight distribution, i.e. ##EQU1## 10 and/or a reduced compliance less than that of a linear monodisperse polymer of the same chemical repeat unit and M.sub.w and preferably said solution at a concentration such that [.eta.] c ranges from one-tenth to five where [.eta.] is the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer in the oil and c is the concentration in the same units and/or has a compliance no larger than twenty times the value exhibited by an identical solution except that said polymer was replaced by a linear monodisperse polymer of the same chemical structure and of the same (.+-.5%) weight average molecular weight (M.sub.w).

Abstract: Polyarylalkane oligomer compositions comprising a mixture of two oligomers A and B, wherein oligomer A is a mixture of isomers of formula: ##STR1## with n1 and n2=0, 1 and 2, given that n1+n2.ltoreq.3; and oligomer B is a mixture of isomers of formula: ##STR2## with n'1, n"1 and n4=0, 1 and 2, n'2, n"2, n3, n'3 and n5=0 and 1, given that n'1+n"1+n'2+n"2+n3+n'3+n4+n5.ltoreq.2.The invention also comprises the process for the preparation of said oligomer compositions by the action of a halide or inorganic acid on a product of free-radical chlorination of toluene.

Abstract: A novel electrical insulating oil and oil-filled electrical appliances that are impregnated with the novel insulating oil. The electrical insulating oil is quite suitable for use in oil-filled electrical appliances in which insulating materials or dielectric materials made of plastics are employed. The electrical insulating oil comprises (a) at least one member of alkylbiphenyls and alkylnaphthalenes and (b) at least one member of monoolefins and diolefins each having two condensed or noncondensed aromatic nuclei.

Abstract: An improved electrical insulating oil and oil-filled electrical appliances impregnated therewith. The electrical insulating oil is quite suitable for use in oil-filled electrical appliances in which insulating materials or dielectric materials made of plastics are employed. The electrical insulating oil comprises (a) at least one member of diarylalkanes and (b) at least one member selected from the group of mono- and/or diolefins having two condensed or noncondensed aromatic nuclei.

Abstract: A mesophase pitch having ellipsoidal molecules is produced by the polymerization reaction of an aromatic hydrocarbon containing at least two condensed rings in which the coupling polymerization constitutes at least 60% of the polymerization reactions.

Abstract: Compositions useful as multi-purpose lubricant and functional fluid additives and as thickeners and anti-sag additives for resins, paints and the like are prepared by free radical polymerization of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of an oil-soluble dispersant. The carboxylic dispersants are preferred, especially esters of hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acids wherein the substituent contains at least about 30 carbon atoms and the reaction products of such acids or their derivatives with amines, usually polyalkylene polyamines.

Abstract: A viscosity index improver additive composition contains, as one component, a vinyl aromatic/conjugated diene polymer of specific structure and composition and, as a second component an ethylene/C.sub.3 to C.sub.18 alpha olefin copolymer of specific composition and viscosity. Preferably the composition also contains a polybutene of defined molecular weight.

Abstract: Oil compositions useful as lubricants and multigraded between SAE 75W and SAE 250 can be made by combining (A) about 95 to about 30 weight percent of a base oil consisting of an oil having a viscosity of about 40 to 2000 SUS at 100.degree. F., (B) an extreme pressure improving amount of at least one extreme pressure agent, and (C) about 5 to about 70 weight percent of at least one oil-soluble polymer, said polymer being exemplified by a hydrogenated interpolymer of a monovinyl arene and at least one C.sub.4-6 conjugated diene or at least one C.sub.2-6 alpha-olefin.