Abstract: The present invention addresses the processing of waste and low-value products to produce useful materials in reliable purities and compositions, at acceptable cost, and with high energy efficiency. In particular, the invention comprises a multi-stage process that converts various feedstocks such as offal, animal manures, municipal sewage sludge, that otherwise have little commercial value, to useful materials including gas, oil, specialty chemicals, and carbon solids. The process subjects the feedstock to heat and pressure in a reducing environment accomplished by controlled addition of sulfur and sodium, separates out various components, then further applies heat and pressure to one or more of those components. The invention further comprises an apparatus for performing a multi-stage process of converting waste products into useful materials, and at least one oil product that arises from the process.

Abstract: The present invention is a utilization method for rubber-containing, organic industrial and municipal wastes which may be applied in the fields of petrochemical and chemical industry. Raw material is liquefied at 60-310° C. under 0.1-0.2 MP a pressure in aprotic hydrocarbon solvent in any neutral gas or CO2 atmosphere with simultaneous collection from reactor of liquid hydrocarbon fractions with the boiling temperatures reaching 200° C. and above and further rectification of fractions up to 200° C. and then drying solid residues at temperatures 270-310° C. Application of solvents and gases makes this process to be ecologically clean. The present invention makes possible a solution of the ecological problem of utilization of rubber-containing and other wastes.

Abstract: A process for producing olefins from biorenewable feedstocks has been developed. The process comprises first pretreating the feedstock, e.g. vegetable oil, to remove contaminants such as alkali metals and then cracking the purified feedstock in a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) zone operated at conditions to provide C2-C5 olefins.

Abstract: The invention provides a multi-stage process for the treatment of organic waste comprising drying said waste to reduce the water content to below 15%; subjecting said dried waste to a thermochemical liquefaction process in the presence of a recirculating solvent medium at a temperature of about 275° C. to 375° C. and a pressure of up to 10 atmospheres, thereby obtaining gaseous, liquid and solid products; separating the formed slurry product from condensable gas, water and other liquid fractions boiling out at up to 250° C.; transferring said slurry product obtained from thermal extraction from step c to a pyrolysis apparatus and treating the same at a temperature of about 350° C. to 500° C.

Abstract: To provide a method for catalytically cracking waste plastics wherein the efficiency in decomposition is high; even polyethylene composed of linear chain molecules difficult in decomposition is decomposable at a low temperature and decomposed residue is hardly produced; the process is simple since dechlorination can be achieved at the same time with catalytically cracking waste plastics in one reaction vessel; and oil fractions can be recovered at 50% or more on a net yield basis. The method for catalytically cracking waste plastics of the present invention has a constitution in which waste plastics are loaded as a raw material into a granular FCC catalyst heated to a temperature range from 350° C. to 500° C. inside a reaction vessel, thereby decomposing and gasifying the waste plastics in contact with the FCC catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a hydrocarbon component of biological origin. The process comprises at least two steps, the first one of which is a HDO step and the second one is an isomerization step operated using the counter-current flow principle. A biological raw material containing fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters serves as the feed stock.

Abstract: A process for the pyrolysis of carbonaceous material is carried out in a cyclone reactor which is fitted with enhanced filtering equipment. In addition the invention relates to the use of a cyclone fitted with a rotating filter as a pyrolysis reactor. By using a cyclone of the rotating separator type as a pyrolysis reactor, carbonaceous material, such as biomass, can effectively be converted in a product having excellent chemical properties and which product is free from particulate matter.

Abstract: A method of reducing vulcanized rubber is provided. The method comprises the steps of heating the rubber, wherein the rubber includes synthetic rubber, in the presence of a solvent, wherein the solvent includes water to a temperature below a critical temperature of the solvent, providing a pressure that is at least equal to a saturated vapour pressure of the solvent at the temperature and maintaining the temperature and the pressure for a time sufficient to devulcanize the rubber and produce a reaction product that is primarily a solid phase and includes rubber hydrocarbon.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method and apparatus for purging oxygen from a sealed container interior and a purge substance used in such method. The method is exemplified herein in an improved batch process and apparatus for the thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon containing material in a sealed reactor interior. According to the present invention the improved batch process may comprise, 1) loading the hydrocarbon containing material into and sealing the reactor, 2) purging or expelling oxygen from said reactor, and 3) heating said reactor to a predetermined temperature so as to obtain decomposition products, the improvement residing in the purging step including loading the reactor with an oxyphilic solution prior to sealing and heating the interior of the sealed reactor to a predetermined temperature to induce the oxyphilic solution to drive oxygen out of the interior of the container through said gas evacuation component.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method and an equipment for pre-treatment of used tires (1) before a pyrolysis process. The invention is characterized in that said cleaning of each tire (1) is carried out in a closed chamber (5) with high pressure air jets. Air contaminated with dust and other dirt particles from said tire (1) is preferably continuously conducted through an air cleaning device (10) for removing said dust and other dirt particles from the air, and received cleaned air is fed to a high pressure blower (8) for producing said high pressure air jets.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rubber process oil in which the content of polycyclic aromatics (PCAs) as determined by the IP 346 method is less than 3% by mass and which is rich in aromatic hydrocarbons, and a method for producing the same. The aniline point of the rubber process oil is 80° C. or less, and the % CA value as determined by ring analysis according to the Kurtz method is from 20 to 50%. The rubber process oil is produced by using extraction of lube oil fraction with a solvent having a selective affinity for aromatics. The extraction conditions are determined so that the extraction yield is regulated to a predetermined requirement defined by the PCAs content of the lube oil fraction. Alternatively, the extract is cooled to further separate into the extract and the raffinate, and the second raffinate is used for the rubber process oil.

Abstract: A process for recycling or decomposing waste plastic where such wasteplastic is decomposed in a diluent such as hot oil through actions involvingfree radical precursor, such as polyvinyl chloride or polyurethane, is achievedat low temperature. The thermal decomposition (or pyrolysis) reaction is forabout 1 hour at 375° C., and useable products, such as distillate, coke, and oilare recovered. Additionally the diluent may be recycled within the process.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a technology to establish a new cycle-based organic chemical industry, which may be called a polymer cascade (polymer reflux industry) wherein the polymer substances shall not remain the final products, but still give birth to synthetic materials as raw materials for chemical industry and produce useful organic compounds.

Abstract: The present invention describes novel, cost-effective and rapid processes suitable for recycling and degradation of specially designed plastics, which are instantly degradable synthetic polymeric plastics having the characteristics and properties of conventional forms of plastics. These novel plastic products are made from a variety of compositions of polymers and their compatible nontoxic modifiers. The resulting novel instant degradable plastic products retain latent solubility properties which are triggered upon mild chemical processes of the present invention, thus enabling cost effective and facile recycling of plastic refuge.

Abstract: A low energy method of pyrolysis of rubber or other hydrocarbon material is provided. The hydrocarbon material is heated while maintaining a vacuum, using a clay catalyst. In an additional embodiment, the temperature of the reaction chamber and corresponding fuel input is varied either over time or spatially within the reaction chamber, to take advantage of the exothermic properties of the reaction. With the method of the present invention, a higher quality solid reaction product can be achieved, as well as a liquid having reduced polyaromatic hydrocarbons and oxidized organic contaminants.

Abstract: A low energy method of pyrolysis of rubber or other hydrocarbon material is provided. The hydrocarbon material is heated while maintaining a vacuum, using a clay catalyst. In an additional embodiment, also under a vacuum and optionally with or without the catalyst, the temperature of the reaction chamber and corresponding fuel input is varied either over time or spatially within the reaction chamber, to take advantage of the exothermic properties of the reaction. With the method of the present invention, an improved solid reaction product can be achieved.

Abstract: Provided is a continuous process for converting waste or virgin plastics into lube oils. The plastic feed is maintained in a heater at preferred temperatures of 150° C.-350° C. The feed is continuously passed to a pyrolysis reactor preferably maintained at a temperature of 450° C.-700° C. and at atmospheric pressure. Relatively short residence times are employed. Optionally, the reactor effluent is processed in a hydrotreating unit. The effluent is fed to an isomerization dewaxing unit and fractionated to recover lube oil stocks. Preferably, the feed to the pyrolysis reactor can be a blend of waste plastic and waxy Fischer-Tropsch fractions.

Abstract: A pyrolysis process and reactor converts various hydrocarbons such as waste materials, for example, scrap polymers, tires, etc., into various chemical components or amounts thereof, not otherwise produced by conventional pyrolytic processes. A large reactor size is utilized in association with a low heat input per unit weight of charge. A thick pyrolyzate/“char” layer is formed during pyrolysis. The product or various components thereof can be utilized as a fuel or octane additive.

Abstract: The present invention provides for an apparatus for converting an organic liquor into a mixture of hydrocarbons and carbon solids, comprising: a heater for heating the organic liquor, thereby producing a mixture of liquid and vaporized oil; a reactor for converting the mixture of liquid and vaporized oil into carbon solids, and a mixture of hydrocarbons and gases; a first cooler for accepting the carbon solids; and a second cooler for accepting the mixture of hydrocarbons and gases. The apparatus of the present invention finds application in the processing of waste and low-value products to produce useful materials in reliable purities and compositions, at acceptable cost, without producing malodorous emissions, and with high energy efficiency.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the production of charcoal, fuel gas, and potassium from a biomass gassifier.

Abstract: A subject of the invention is a method for transformation of polyolefin wastes into hydrocarbons and a plant for carrying thereof. According to the method, disintegrated polyolefin raw material is subjected in a reactor to the progressive heating to the temperature below 600° C. together with a catalyst chosen from a group comprising cements, heavy metal silicates and resinates and mixtures thereof, where a catalyst is used in an amount below 30% b.w., preferably in an amount of 5-10 % b.w., calculated on the weight of the polyolefin raw material.

Abstract: A system and method of converting waste plastics into hydrocarbon oil comprises a thermal cracking reactor, into which the waste plastics are cracked at a temperature in the range of 270-800° C. to obtain partly gaseous hydrocarbons, partly liquid hydrocarbons, and remaining residues. A continuous thermal cracking and residual discharging portion is connected to have the liquid hydrocarbons gradually and fully cracked into gaseous hydrocarbons, while the residues are discharged at a residual discharge outlet. A chlorine removal portion is connected to receive the gaseous hydrocarbons to remove chlorine from it. A catalytic cracking reactor is connected to the chlorine removal portion to have the gaseous hydrocarbons catalytic cracking with an acid catalyst. A three-stage cooling portion is adopted to have the catalytically cracked gaseous hydrocarbons fully converted into liquid hydrocarbons, i.e., hydrocarbon oil. A pressurized activation reaction portion is provided to remove few amount of S. N. P.

Abstract: A process for converting a blend of plastic waste and a Fischer-Tropsch waxy fraction into high VI lube oils. A Fischer-Tropsch wax is separated into a 1000° F.+ fraction and a 1000° F.− fraction. The higher boiling fraction is combined with virgin or waste polyolefin and fed to a pyrolysis zone after being heated in a heating unit. The pyrolysis effluent is separated into at least a heavy fraction. Any light fraction recovered can be further processed into a feed for gasoline products. Any middle fraction recovered can be hydrotreated and isodewaxed to form diesel, diesel blending and jet fuel, or can be oligomerized, hydrotreated and isodewaxed to form high VI lubricating base oil. The heavy fraction is hydrotreated and isodewaxed to yield high VI lubricating base oil. The process can be conducted on a continuous basis.

Abstract: This invention relates a series of steps to provide an economical production of a carbon based fertilizer and soil amendment made during the capture of greenhouse gases from the combustion of fossil and non fossil fuels. The invention uses biomass and other carbonaceous sources through pyrolytic conversion to gases and charcoal, to allow for the further production of co-products, such as hydrogen and ammonia. The invention also relates to the combination of hydrated ammonia, combustion flue gas exhaust, and charcoal, provide for the conversion of the charcoal into a valued added soil amendment to return essential trace minerals and plant nutrients to the soil. The ability to produce a large volume carbon co-product while removing mandated emissions and producing renewable based hydrogen provides an economic gain to a large number small and large businesses and increase the chance of achieving significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.

Abstract: Tire pyrolysis systems and processes are provided which include feeding tire shreds to a pyrolysis reactor, pyrolyzing the shreds in a pyrolysis reactor to produce a hydrocarbon-containing gas stream and carbon-containing solid, removing the carbon-containing solid from the reactor, directing the hydrocarbon-containing gas stream into a separator, contacting the hydrocarbon-containing gas stream with an oil spray in the separator thereby washing particulate from the hydrocarbon-containing gas stream and condensing a portion of the gas stream to oil, removing and cooling the oil from the separator, directing non-condensed gas from the gas stream away from the separator, and directing a portion of the cooled oil removed from the separator to an inlet of the separator for use as the separator oil spray.

Abstract: Utilization method for rubber-containing, organic industrial and municipal wastes which may be applied in the fields of petrochemical and chemical industry. Process topic: starting raw material is liquefied at the temperature of 60-310° C. under the pressure of 0.1-0.2 MPa in aprotic hydrocarbon solvent (alkylbenzene, mixture of alkylbenzenes, but the best is raw benzol or its components like: toulene, xylenes and so on received while hard coal carbonization), in any neutral gas or CO2 (carbon dioxide) atmosphere with simultaneous collection from reactor of liquid hydrocarbon fractions with the boiling temperatures reaching 200° C. and above and further rectification of fractions up to 200° C. and next drying solid residues at temperatures 270-310° C.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns a process and apparatus for reclamation of waste polystyrene-type materials for reuse within the specification ranges of the input polystyrene-type material. The disclosed process and apparatus include dissolution of the waste polystyrene-type materials in a dissolve section utilizing a reusable solvent having a low boiling point and high vaporization rate, removal of solid contaminants in one or more filter sections, devolatilization of the dissolved polystyrene and recovery of the polystyrene-type material in a solid form in a recovery section. Preferably the process and apparatus provide a closed system and include recycling and reuse in the process of the vaporized solvent. The maximum temperature in the recovery section is 190° C. The reusable solvent is preferably environmentally safe and has a low boiling point and high vaporization rate. n-Propyl bromide, or environmentally safe mixtures thereof, including mixtures with isopropyl alcohol, is the preferred reusable solvent.

Abstract: The present invention describes novel, cost-effective and rapid processes suitable for recycling and degradation of specially designed plastics, which are instantly degradable synthetic polymeric plastics having the characteristics and properties of conventional forms of plastics. These novel plastic products are made from a variety of compositions of polymers and their compatible nontoxic modifiers. The resulting novel instant degradable plastic products retain latent solubility properties which are triggered upon mild chemical processes of the present invention, thus enabling cost effective and facile recycling of plastic refuge.

Abstract: A process for the thermocatalytic conversion of waste organic materials (e.g., waste tires) into reusable hydrocarbons is provided. The process entails providing the feedstock and catalyst comprising AlCl3 to a heated, stirred reactor. An overhead portion of vaporized hydrocarbons as well as vaporized AlCl3 is initially removed from the reactor via a discharge port. The composition of the removed hydrocarbons will vary depending on which of three modes the process is run: low reactor pressure, partial vacuum, and high pressures. Vaporized AlCl3 and a certain fraction of the hydrocarbons are subsequently removed via condensation and returned to the reactor. The composition of the condensed hydrocarbon fraction is controlled based on vapor pressure. The remaining vaporized hydrocarbon is recovered for subsequent uses. A reactor discharge portion is also removed from the reactor. This portion may contain unreacted feedstock and catalyst.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing synthetic crude petroleum from carbon compounds-organic wastes in virtue of hydrogenation using two natural catalysts instead of one or many costly industrial catalysts. The process recreates in industry natural conditions of petroleum formation as they existed millions of years ago. Using two natural catalysts, conversion of heterogeneous organic wastes is now not only possible but also profitable because production efficiency of synthetic crude is improved by more than 50%. While recycling unwanted heterogeneous organic wastes, the process has the advantage of producing a valuable product. Doing so, petrolisation is a permanent solution to organic waste problems and a permanent source of valuable crude.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus is disclosed for reclaiming volatile products and non-volatile residue through the pyrolysis of a polymeric material comprising placing the polymeric material in a reactor and establishing an oxygen deficient atmosphere in a reactor. The polymeric material is simultaneously compressed and heated to a temperature sufficient to pyrolyze the polymeric material to produce volatile products and non-volatile residue. The volatile products and non-volatile residue are subsequently removed from the reactor and collected.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for pyrolyzing waste tire chips, the tire chips passed into an inclined rotary kiln having an output end. The tire chips are saturated by oil in the inclined rotary kiln and are pyrolyzed by indirectly heating with a heated gas. The pyrolyzed tire chips and oil produces a vapor product and a solid product that are separated within the kiln by gravitational separation. The vapor product is processed to condense oil and a portion of the condensed oil is recycled to the rotary kiln. The solid product is separated into oil and char, a portion of the oil recycled to the inclined rotary kiln for saturating the tire chips. The vapor product following the oil removal is used to produce the heated gas to heat the rotary kiln.

Abstract: Presented is a method and apparatus for converting both organic and inorganic materials into more desirable products by the expedient of breaking down these materials into their stable molecular constituents and reforming them into more desirable substances. The process involves the use of two chambers. Blended solid and fluid wastes are augered into the first chamber and agitated, preferably by rotating the chamber so that the waste tumbles over internal fins, while a heat gradient is applied. Carbon and inorganic solid wastes are removed from the system and fluid wastes passed to a second chamber where they are again subjected to a heat gradient. Effluents are recovered and condensed. Electromagnetic radiation, preferably from microwaves, and/or lasers, masers or ultrasonic energy is applied to the wastes in both chambers. Liberal use of catalysts is made in the chambers.

Abstract: Provided is a continuous process for converting waste or virgin plastics into lube oils. The plastic feed is maintained in a heater at preferred temperatures of 150° C.-350° C. The feed is continuously passed to a pyrolysis reactor preferably maintained at a temperature of 450° C.-700° C. and at atmospheric pressure. Relatively short residence times are employed. Optionally, the reactor effluent is processed in a hydrotreating unit. The effluent is fed to an isomerization dewaxing unit and fractionated to recover lube oil stocks. Preferably, the feed to the pyrolysis reactor can be a blend of waste plastic and waxy Fischer-Tropsch fractions.

Abstract: A process for converting a blend of plastic waste and a Fischer-Tropsch waxy fraction into high VI lube oils. A Fischer-Tropsch wax is separated into a 1000° F.+ fraction and a 1000° F.− fraction. The higher boiling fraction is combined with virgin or waste polyolefin and fed to a pyrolysis zone after being heated in a heating unit. The pyrolysis effluent is separated into at least a heavy fraction. Any light fraction recovered can be further processed into a feed for gasoline products. Any middle fraction recovered can be hydrotreated and isodewaxed to form diesel, diesel blending and jet fuel, or can be oligomerized, hydrotreated and isodewaxed to form high VI lubricating base oil. The heavy fraction is hydrotreated and isodewaxed to yield high VI lubricating base oil. The process can be conducted on a continuous basis.

Abstract: A novel method of separating hydrocarbon and/or polymer from waste and natural materials is described herein. The method first involves removing the moisture from the material containing hydrocarbon and/or polymer, then reacting the material with a catalyst in order to separate the hydrocarbon and/or polymer from the material. The drying and catalytic reaction steps preferably take place under a slightly negative pressure and substantially in the absence of oxygen. The hydrocarbon/polymer is then recovered in the form of a vapor or gas. The material, substantially free of hydrocarbons and polymers may be further processed, recycled, or safely disposed of.

Abstract: An improved method is disclosed for reclaiming volatile products and non-volatile residue through the pyrolysis of a polymeric material comprising placing the polymeric material in a reactor and establishing an oxygen deficient atmosphere in a reactor. The polymeric material is simultaneously compressed and heated to a temperature sufficient to pyrolyze the polymeric material to produce volatile products and non-volatile residue. The volatile products and non-volatile residue are subsequently removed from the reactor and collected.

Abstract: A process to produce a flowable fuel or fuel supplement from solid and/or liquid waste, such as municipal waste, industrial wastes or mixtures thereof and the system to carry out the process in which a feed of solid and liquid municipal waste, industrial wastes or mixtures thereof to a treatment zone under conditions of temperature to produce a solid char and vaporize liquids, recombining the char and the liquids, recovered from the wastes feed, to form a feed slurry containing solids, combining the feed slurry with additional combustible waste liquids which are added at a rate and amount to obtain a fuel slurry of specified properties, particularly specified viscosity and BTU content, subjecting the feed slurry and additional wastes to conditions of attrition in at least one attrition zone to produce a product slurry containing solids of fuel size, recovering the fuel slurry which be used as fuel in partial oxidation processes.

Abstract: A method and system for extracting hydrocarbon fuel products from plastic material provides extraction of usable fuel components from waste plastic materials. The materials (or hydrocarbon portion thereof) are liquified and introduced to a chamber where the liquid material is agitated and a negative relative pressure (vacuum) is applied. The liquid is maintained at a substantially constant temperature and the vacuum draws the off-gas hydrocarbon products out for condensation and further processing, while unconverted char is removed to an ash dump. An auger feed unit with agitator buckets is used to propel the char through a feed while agitating the liquid to enhance the rate of gas removal.

Abstract: The amount of limonene and other pyrolytic oils within the condensate gases produced during pyrolysis of scrap tire carcasses or polyisoprene rubbers can be increased by fractionally condensing and liquefying the gaseous products in a series of vertical condensers. As the gases are passed through each successive condenser, fractions of the gases having a boiling point between 930 degrees Fahrenheit and 110 degrees Fahrenheit are separated and recovered.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method and an equipment for pre-treatment of used tyres (1) before a pyrolysis process. The invention is characterized in that said cleaning of each tyre (1) is carried out in a closed chamber (5) with high pressure air jets. Air contaminated with dust and other dirt particles from said tyre (1) is preferably continuously conducted through an air cleaning device (10) for removing said dust and other dirt particles from the air, and received cleaned air is fed to a high pressure blower (8) for producing said high pressure air jets.

Abstract: A method for pyrolysis, characterized in that a material to be treated is heated to a temperature lower than the decomposition temperature of dioxins and the resulting gaseous components are cooled and liquefied; and an apparatus for practicing the method comprising a heating means (1) and a cooling and liquefying means (2) for the gaseous components formed by the above heating. The method can be employed for pyrolyzing a material to be treated with safety and at a lower cost as compared to a conventional method for pyrolysis.

Abstract: Drilling waste resulting from drilling processes of oil and gas wells using hydrocarbons based drilling fluids contains not only hydrocarbons but also the separated cuttings, and other organic and inorganic additives. This kind of waste contains a considerable amount of hydrocarbons and is classified as a hazardous waste. The present invention claims a method for remediation of said drilling waste, where the drilling waste is converted to a solid fuel that is environmentally friendly for storage, transportation and incineration. The said solid fuel no longer presents danger to the surrounding area and groundwater and has an economical energy value. Using several treatment stages, the residual emulsifiers in the drilling waste are chemically in an acidic milieu destabilized and the soil is turned accessible to the hydrocarbons. By using a polyelectrolyte in aqueous slurry, the hydrocarbon molecules are coagulated and, under normal conditions, irreversibly homogenously adsorbed on the soil particles.

Abstract: A waste rubber treatment process and appartus therefor for vaporizing rubber and separating the vaporized rubber into its usable components. The waste rubber treatment process and appartus therefor includes heating a quantity of rubber in an atmosphere at a negative pressure and at a temperature between 340 Celsius and 510 degrees Celsius such that the rubber is vaporized and defines a vaporized rubber. The vaporized rubber has a plurality of hydrocarbon constituents therein. A venturi separator sprays the vaporized rubber with oil having a boiling temperature greater than 175 degrees Celsius. The oil binds to heavy oil in the hydrocarbon constituents. A remaining portion of the vaporized rubber is condensed such that light oils in the hydrocarbon constituents liquefy and are separated from hydrocarbon gases.

Abstract: A process for converting waste plastic into gasoline, diesel, fuel oil and the like using pyrolysis and catalytic cracking techniques.

Abstract: A method for decomposing plastic waste to produce fuel materials makes the plastic waste decomposed by cracking and then inverted the plastic waste to be multiple fuel materials such as gas, gasoline, and diesel oil, and other byproducts such as hydrochloride acid and active carbon by fractionation. Whereby, the plastic waste is reused in an efficient and beneficial way.

Abstract: A system and process forms supercritical or near-supercritical mixtures of organic waste and water, and then combusts the mixture with an oxygen-containing gas at a relatively moderate pressure. Production of nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides and soot are greatly reduced compared to most conventional methods for combustion of organic wastes.

Abstract: A process for converting waste plastic into gasoline, diesel, fuel oil and the like using pyrolysis and catalytic cracking techniques.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method and apparatus for purging oxygen from a sealed container interior and a purge substance used in such method. The method is exemplified herein in an improved batch process and apparatus for the thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon containing material in a sealed reactor interior. According to the present invention the improved batch process may comprise, 1) loading the hydrocarbon containing material into and sealing the reactor, 2) purging or expelling oxygen from said reactor, and 3) heating said reactor to a predetermined temperature so as to obtain decomposition products, the improvement residing in the purging step including loading the reactor with an oxyphilic solution prior to sealing and heating the interior of the sealed reactor to a predetermined temperature to induce the oxyphilic solution to drive oxygen out of the interior of the container through said gas evacuation component.

Abstract: A process for the thermocatalytic conversion of waste organic materials (e.g., waste tires) into reusable hydrocarbons is provided. The process entails providing the feedstock and catalyst comprising AlCl3 to a heated, stirred reactor. An overhead portion of vaporized hydrocarbons as well as vaporized AlCl3 is initially removed from the reactor via a discharge port. The composition of the removed hydrocarbons will vary depending on which of three modes the process is run: low reactor pressure, partial vacuum, and high pressures. Vaporized AlCl3 and a certain fraction of the hydrocarbons are subsequently removed via condensation and returned to the reactor. The composition of the condensed hydrocarbon fraction is controlled based on vapor pressure. The remaining vaporized hydrocarbon is recovered for subsequent uses. A reactor discharge portion is also removed from the reactor. This portion may contain unreacted feedstock and catalyst.