Abstract: The present invention relates to an in-line method for generating comonomer from monomer, such as ethylene. The comonomer generated is directly transported, without isolation or storage, to a polyethylene polymerization reactor. The in-line method includes the steps of providing an in-line comonomer synthesis reactor and a downstream gas/liquid phase separator prior to the polymerization reactor; feeding ethylene monomer and a catalyst in a solvent and/or diluent to the comonomer synthesis reactor; reacting the ethylene monomer and the catalyst in solvent and/or diluent under reaction conditions to produce an effluent stream including ethylene monomer and comonomer; passing the effluent stream from the comonomer synthesis reactor to the downstream gas/liquid phase separator to separate a gas stream from a bottom stream, wherein the gas stream is a mixture of ethylene monomer and comonomer; and passing the gas stream to the polymerization reactor to provide the necessary comonomer input.

Abstract: The present invention discloses post-metallocene complexes based on sterically encumbered bi- and tri-dentate naphthoxy-imine ligands. It also relates to the use of such post-metallocene complexes in the oligomerisation of ethylene to selectively prepare vinyl-end capped linear alpha-olefins.

Abstract: A process for dimerizing alpha olefins comprising contacting (i) an alpha olefin having at least 3 carbon atoms, (ii) a hexadentate bimetallic catalyst, and (iii) a cocatalyst, and dimerizing the alpha olefin in a reaction zone at conditions effective to dimerize an alpha olefin to form a reaction zone effluent comprising alpha olefin oligomers including alpha olefin dimers. A process for dimerizing olefins comprising contacting (i) an alpha olefin having at least 3 carbon atoms, (ii) a hexadentate bimetallic complex comprising a cobalt compound, and (iii) a cocatalyst, and dimerizing the alpha olefin in a reaction zone at conditions effective to dimerize an alpha olefin to form a reaction zone effluent comprising oligomers including dimmers, wherein greater than 20 weight percent of the alpha olefin has been converted to oligomers, greater than 30 weight percent of the oligomers are dimers, and greater than 85 mole percent of the dimers are linear.

Abstract: A catalyst precursor composition comprising: a source of chromium, molybdenum or tungsten; a first ligand having the general formula (R1)(R2P—X—P(R3)(R4); and a second ligand having the general formula (R1?)(R2?)P—X?—P(R3?)(R4?). The present invention also relates to a catalyst system comprising the catalyst precursor composition of the present invention and a cocatalyst. The present invention further relates to a process for the trimerization and tetramerization of olefinic monomers, particularly the trimerization and tetramerization of ethylene to 1-hexene and 1-octene, wherein the process comprises contacting at least one olefinic monomer with the catalyst system of the present invention.

Abstract: Methods for dimerizing alpha-olefins utilizing immobilized buffered catalysts, wherein the catalytic component is of the formula: where M is selected from the group of Ti, Zr, Hg, Ni, and V and R and R? are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkinyl, alkyloxy, substituted aryl, and halogens, are provided.

Abstract: Methods for dimerizing alpha-olefins utilizing immobilized buffered catalysts wherein the catalytic component is of the form: where X is a halogen, n=2 or 3, M=Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni and R1, R2, R3 and R4 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkinyl, alkyloxy, substituted aryl, and X are provided. A method for dimerizing alpha-olefins utilizing the immobilized buffered catalysts and a co-catalyst is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing linear alpha olefin comonomers, such as 1-butene, 1-hexene or 1-octene, from ethylene monomer. The comonomer generated is stored on site for use in a subsequent process, such as a polyethylene polymerization reactor. The method includes the steps of feeding an ethylene monomer, and a catalyst in a solvent to one or more comonomer synthesis reactors; reacting the ethylene monomer and the catalyst in solvent under reaction conditions to produce an effluent stream comprising unreacted ethylene monomer, a catalyst in a solvent, and comonomer; passing the effluent stream to one or more downstream gas/liquid phase separators to form a gas stream of unreacted ethylene monomer, and a liquid stream of comonomer, and catalyst in a solvent; recycling to the one or more comonomer synthesis reactors the unreacted ethylene monomer and a portion of the liquid stream; and storing a remaining portion of said liquid stream for subsequent processing of the comonomer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst composition comprising: (a) a binuclear chromium(II) complex; (b) a ligand of the general structure (A) R1R2P—N(R3)—P(R4)—N(R5)—H or (B) R1R2P—N(R3)—P(R4)—N(R5)—PR6R7, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are independently selected from halogen, amino, trimethylsilyl, C1-C10-alkyl, aryl and substituted aryl, wherein the PNPN- or PNPNP-unit is optionally part of a ring system; and (c) an activator or co-catalyst, as well as to a process for oligomerization of ethylene.

Abstract: A new P-N-P ligand is useful in ethylene oligomerizations. In combination with i) a source of chromium and ii) an activator such as methylalumoxane; the ligand of this invention may be used to prepare an oligomer product that contains a mixture of hexenes and octenes. The hexenes and octenes produced with this ligand contain very low levels of internal olefins when produced under preferred reaction conditions.

Abstract: Among other things, this disclosure provides an olefin oligomerization system and process, the system comprising: a) a transition metal compound; b) a pyrrole compound having a hydrogen atom on at the 5-position or the 2- and 5-position of a pyrrole compound and having a bulky substituent located on each carbon atom adjacent to the carbon atom bearing a hydrogen atom at the 5-position or the 2- and 5-position of a pyrrole compound. These catalyst system have significantly improved productivities, selectivities to 1-hexene, and provides higher purity 1-hexene within the C6 fraction than catalyst systems using 2,4-dimethylpyrrole.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst composition for ethylene oligomerization and the use thereof. Such catalyst composition includes chromium compound, ligand containing P and N, activator and accelerator; wherein the chromium compound is selected from the group consisting of acetyl acetone chromium, THF-chromium chloride and Cr(2-ethylhecanoate)3; general formula of the ligand containing P and N is shown as: in which R1, R2, R3 and R4 are phenyl, benzyl, or naphthyl. R5 is isopropyl, butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or fluorenyl; the activatior is methyl aluminoxane, ethyl aluminoxane, propyl aluminoxane and/or butyl aluminoxane; the accelerator is selected from the group consisting of 1,1,2,2,-tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, and compounds having a formula of X1R6X2, in which X1 and X2 are F, Cl, Br, I or alkoxyl, R6 is alkylene or arylene group; the molar ratio of chromium compound, ligand containing P and N, activator and accelerator is 1:0.

Abstract: A process is provided to stabilize and/or reactivate an olefin production catalyst system which comprises contacting an olefin production catalyst system, either before or after use, with an aromatic compound.

Abstract: Among other things, this disclosure provides an olefin oligomerization system and process, the system comprising: a) a transition metal compound; b) a pyrrole compound having independently-selected C1 to C18 organyl groups at the 2- and 5-positions, wherein at least one of the organyl group alpha-carbon atoms attached to the 2- and 5-positions of the pyrrole compound is a secondary carbon atoms; and c) a metal alkyl. For example, the 2,5-diethylpyrrole (2,5-DEP)-based catalyst systems can afford a productivity increases over unsubstituted pyrrole catalyst systems, non-2,5-disubstituted catalyst systems, and 2,5-dimethylpyrrole (2,5-DMP) catalyst systems.

Abstract: Bimetallic, supported catalysts for production of 1-hexene from ethylene are manufactured by impregnating a porous, solid support material with at least one catalytic chromium compound and at least one catalytic tantalum compound. The bimetallic, supported catalysts have high catalytic turnover, high selectivity for 1-hexene production, a low tendency for metals to leach from the catalysts during manufacturing and use compared to catalysts manufactured using known techniques. Moreover, the catalysts can be reused in multiple synthesis runs. High turnover, high selectivity, and reusability improve yields and reduce the costs associated with producing 1-hexene from ethylene, while the absence of metal leaching reduces the potential environmental impacts of using toxic metal catalysts (e.g., chromium).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an in-line method for generating comonomer, such as 1-hexene or 1-octene, from monomer, such as ethylene. The comonomer generated is directly transported, without isolation or storage, to a polyethylene polymerization reactor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing oligomers of olefins, comprising reacting olefins with a catalyst under oligomerization conditions. The catalyst can be the product of the combination of a chromium compound and a heteroaryl-amine compound. In particular embodiments, the catalyst compound can be used to trimerize or tetramerize ethylene to 1-hexene, 1-octene, or mixtures of 1-hexene and 1-octene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing oligomers of olefins, comprising reacting olefins with a catalyst under oligomerization conditions. The catalyst can be the product of the combination of a chromium compound and a pyridyl amine or a heteroaryl-amine compound. In particular embodiments, the catalyst compound can be used to trimerize or tetramerize ethylene to 1-hexene, 1-octene, or mixtures of 1-hexene and 1-octene.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing an oligomeric product by the oligomerisation of at least one olefinic compound in the form of an olefin or a compound including a carbon to carbon double bond, by contacting the at least one olefinic compound with an oligomerisation catalyst which includes the combination of a source of a transition metal, and a ligating compound of the formula (R1)mX1(Y)X2(R2)n.

Abstract: The invention provides a mixed heteroatomic ligand for an oligomerization of olefins catalyst, which ligand includes at least three heteroatoms, of which at least one heteroatom is sulfur and at least two heteroatoms are not the same. The invention also provides a multidentate mixed heteroatomic ligand for an oligomerization of olefins catalyst, which ligand includes at least three heteroatoms of which at least one is a sulfur atom. The ligand may also contain, in addition to sulfur, at least one nitrogen or phosphorous heteroatom.

Abstract: An integrated method that comprises a hydrocarbon thermal cracking operation to form at least one olefin product, coupled with dimerization and metathesis operations, the dimerization operation forming additional feed material for the metathesis operation, and the metathesis operation forming additional amounts of olefin product.

Abstract: A process for producing an olefin oligomer, which comprises the steps of (1) contacting a transition metal compound with a compound represented by the formula, R1R2A—G—AR3R4, to produce a contact product (i), (2) contacting an alumoxane compound with an organoaluminum compound to produce a contact product (ii), and (3) contacting the contact product (i), the contact product (ii), and an olefin with one another, wherein A is a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom, an arsenic atom or an antimony atom; G is a divalent group; and R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently of one another a hydrocarbyl group, a halogenated hydrocarbyl group, an oxygen-containing hydrocarbyl group, a sulfur-containing hydrocarbyl group, a selenium-containing hydrocarbyl group, or a tellurium-containing hydrocarbyl group.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for trimerisation olefins, which process includes the step of contacting an olefinic feedstream with a catalyst system which includes a transition metal compound and a heteroatomic ligand and wherein the trimer is an olefin and wherein the heteroatomic ligand is described by the following general formula (R)nA-B-C(R)m.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for tetramerisation of olefins wherein the product stream of the process contains more than 30% of the tetramer olefin. The process includes the step of contacting an olefinic feedstream with a catalyst system containing a transition metal compound and a heteroatomic ligand.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing oligomers of olefins, comprising reacting olefins with a catalyst under oligomerization conditions. The catalyst can be the product of the combination of a chromium compound and a pyridyl amine or a heteroaryl-amine compound. In particular embodiments, the catalyst compound can be used to trimerize or tetramerize ethylene to 1-hexene, 1-octene, or mixtures of 1-hexene and 1-octene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing oligomers of olefins, comprising reacting olefins with a catalyst under oligomerization conditions. The catalyst can be the product of the combination of a chromium compound and a heteroaryl-amine compound. In particular embodiments, the catalyst compound can be used to trimerize or tetramerize ethylene to 1-hexene, 1-octene, or mixtures of 1-hexene and 1-octene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing oligomers of olefins, comprising reacting olefins with a chromium based catalyst under oligomerization conditions. The catalyst can be the product of the combination of a chromium compound and a pyridyl mono-oxazoline compound. In particular embodiments, the catalyst compound can be used to trimerize or tetramerize ethylene to 1-hexene, 1-octene, or mixtures of 1-hexene and 1-octene.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for the preparation of oligomeric and/or polymer derivatives of olefin monomers, said composition comprising a Group 6 metal amide complex, a Group 1, 2, 12, 13, or 14 metal hydrocarbyl composition or compound, and a solid support comprising aluminum phosphate.

Abstract: A catalyst precursor composition comprising a) a source of chromium, molybdenum or tungsten; b) a first ligand having the general formula (I): (R1)(R2)P-X-P(R3)(R4)??(I) where X is a bivalent organic bridging group, R1 and R3 are hydrocarbyl groups, and R2 and R4 are aromatic groups; and c) a second ligand having the general formula (II): (R1?)(R2?)P-X?-P(R3?)(R4?)??(II) where X? is a bridging group containing nitrogen and R1?, R2?, R3? and R4? are hydrocarbyl groups. The present invention also relates to a catalyst system comprising the catalyst precursor composition of the present invention and a cocatalyst.

Abstract: A metal complex comprising a metal compound complexed to a heteroatomic ligand, the metal complex having Structure X: wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are each independently an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a substituted cycloalkyl group, an aromatic group, or a substituted aromatic group, R1c, R2c, R3c, R4c, and R5c are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group, and MXp comprises a group IVB, VB, or VIB metal. A metal complex comprising a metal compound complexed to a diphosphino aminyl ligand comprising at least two diphosphino aminyl moieties and a linking group linking each aminyl nitrogen atom of the diphosphino aminyl moieties.

Abstract: A process for producing an olefin oligomer, which comprises the steps of (1) contacting an olefin with an organoaluminum compound to produce a contact product (i), (2) contacting a transition metal compound with a compound represented by the formula, R1R2A-G-AR3R4, to produce a contact product (ii), and (3) contacting the contact product (i), the contact product (ii), an alumoxane compound, and optionally an olefin with one another, wherein A is a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom, an arsenic atom or an antimony atom, and As are the same as or different from each other; G is a divalent group; and R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently of one another a hydrocarbyl group, a halogenated hydrocarbyl group, an oxygen-containing hydrocarbyl group, a sulfur-containing hydrocarbyl group, a selenium-containing hydrocarbyl group, or a tellurium-containing hydrocarbyl group.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for tetramerisation of olefins wherein the product stream of the process contains more than 30% of the tetramer olefin. The process includes the step of contacting an olefinic feedstream with a catalyst system containing a transition metal compound and a heteroatomic ligand.

Abstract: A process for preparing very high viscosity polyalphaolefins using an acidic ionic liquid oligomerization catalyst in the absence of an organic diluent and the products formed thereby. A method of continuously manufacturing a high viscosity polyalphaolefin product by introducing a monomer and an ionic liquid catalyst together into a reaction zone while simultaneously withdrawing from the reaction zone a reaction zone effluent that contains the high viscosity polyalphaolefin. The reaction zone is operated under reaction conditions suitable for producing the high viscosity polyalphaolefin product. The preferred high viscosity polyalphaolefin has a kinematic viscosity exceeding 8 cSt and is the reaction product of the trimerization, oligomerization, or polymerization of an alpha olefin or a mixture of one or more product thereof. The high viscosity polyalphaolefins are useful as lubricants or lubricant additives.

Abstract: An oligomerization catalyst for olefins having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms is produced by treating aluminum oxide with a nickel compound and a sulfur compound, either simultaneously or firstly with the nickel compound an then with the sulfur compound, and subsequently drying and calcining the resulting catalyst, wherein a molar ratio of sulfur to nickel in the finished catalyst of from 0.25:1 to 0.38:1 is set in this way. The catalyst and its use are also described.

Abstract: A catalyst precursor composition comprising a) a source of chromium, molybdenum or tungsten; b) a first ligand having the general formula (I); (R1)(R2)P—X—P(R3)(R4)??(I) wherein X is a bivalent organic bridging group; R1 and R3 are independently selected from, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heterohydrocarbyl and substituted heterohydrocarbyl groups, with the proviso that when R1 and R3 are aromatic groups they do not contain a polar substituent at any of the ortho-positions; R2 and R4 are independently selected from optionally substituted aromatic groups, each R2 and R4 bearing a polar substituent on at least one of the ortho-positions; and c) a second ligand having the general formula (II); (R1?)(R2?)P—X?—P(R3?)(R4?)??(II) wherein X? is a bridging group of the formula —N(R5?)—, wherein R5? is selected from hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group, a substituted hydrocarbyl group, a heterohydrocarbyl group, a substituted heterohydrocarbyl group, a silyl group or derivative thereof; and R1?, R2?, R3? and R4?

Abstract: A process for preparing branched alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons, which process comprises contacting branched olefins with an aromatic hydrocarbon under alkylating conditions, which branched olefins have been obtained by a process which comprises dehydrogenating an isoparaffinic composition over a suitable catalyst which isoparaffinic composition has been obtained by hydrocracking and hydroisomerization of a paraffinic wax and which isoparaffinic composition comprises paraffins having a carbon number in the range of from 7 to 35, of which paraffins at least a portion of the molecules is branched, the average number of branches per paraffin molecule being at least 0.

Abstract: A series of soluble ?-diimine late transition metal catalysts has been invented. The catalysts demonstrate high activity and selectivity for linear ?-olefins. As such, these catalysts conveniently oligomerize ethylene. Typical activators as known to those of ordinary skill in the art are used to activate these transition metal catalyst. These catalysts can be used in a supported or unsupported form.

Abstract: A process is provided to stabilize and/or reactivate an olefin production catalyst system which comprises contacting an olefin production catalyst system, either before or after use, with an aromatic compound.

Abstract: A process for preparing branched olefins comprising 0.5% or less quaternary aliphatic carbon atoms, which process comprises dehydrogenating an isoparaffinic composition over a suitable catalyst which isoparaffinic composition comprises paraffins having a carbon number in the range of from 7 to 35, of which paraffins at least a portion of the molecules is branched, the average number of branches per paraffin molecule being at least 0.7 and the branching comprising methyl and optionally ethyl branches, and which isoparaffinic composition may be obtained by hydrocracking and hydroisomerization of a paraffinic wax; a method of using olefins for making an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant or a cationic surfactant, in particular a surfactant sulfate or sulfonate, comprising converting the branched olefins into the surfactant; and an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant or a cationic surfactant which is obtainable by the method of use.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the oligomerization of olefins, wherein an olefin is brought into contact with a catalyst system that is obtained from a chromium source, a cycloalkylalkyl-substituted triazacyclohexane, especially a 1,3,5-tris-(cycloalkylalkyl)-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane and an activator such as an alkyl aluminum compound or an alkylalumoxane.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for use in dimerizing, co-dimerizing or oligomerizing olefins comprises: at least one zero-valent nickel complex; at least one acid with formula H+X? in which X? represents an anion; and at least one ionic liquid with general formula Q+ A? in which A? is an anion identical to or different from X?. The composition can also comprise a nitrogen-containing ligand. It can be used in dimerizing, co-dimerizing, oligomerizing and in polymerizing olefins.

Abstract: A surfactant composition comprising: alkylarylsulfonate surfactant system comprising at least two isomers of the alkylarylsulfonate surfactant of the formula: wherein: L is an acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbyl of from 6 to 18 carbon atoms in total; M is a cation or cation mixture and q is the valence thereof; a and b are numbers selected such that said composition is electroneutral; R? is selected from H and C1 to C3 alkyl; R? is selected from H and C1 to C3 alkyl; R?? is selected from H and C1 to C3 alkyl; any of R? and R? is nonterminally attached to L and at least one of R? and R? is C1 to C3 alkyl; and A is aryl; and wherein: said alkylarylsulfonate surfactant system comprises two or more isomers with respect to positions of attachment of R?, R? and A to L; in at least about 60% of said composition, A is attached to L in the position which is selected from positions alpha- and beta- to either of the two terminal carbon atoms thereof; and wherein further said alkylarylsulfonate surfactant system has

Abstract: A catalyst used for trimerization of ethylene into 1-hexene is descrobed, which comprises (i) a specific organometallic complex having a neutral multidentate ligand having a tripod structure, (ii) an alkylaluminoxane, and an optional ingredient selected from: (iii) a halogenated inorganic compound, (iv) a specific alkyl group-containing compound, (v) a combination of a halogenated inorganic compound with a specific alkyl group-containing compound, (vi) an amine compound and/or an amide compound, and (vii) a combination of an amine compound and/or an amide compound with a specific alkyl group-containing compound.

Abstract: A process for producing a linear &agr;-olefin which comprises: reacting a stoichiometric excess of a terminal Cn olefin with ethylene in the presence of an organometallic catalyst to produce a Cn+2 linear &agr;-olefin, wherein the catalyst is capable of producing a Schulz-Flory distribution of the linear &agr;-olefin with a Schulz-Flory constant of less than about 0.8 and wherein n is an integer between about 3 to 20.

Abstract: A process for preparing branched olefins comprising 0.5% or less quaternary aliphatic carbon atoms, which process comprises dehydrogenating an isoparaffinic composition over a suitable catalyst which isoparaffinic composition comprises paraffins having a carbon number in the range of from 7 to 35, of which paraffins at least a portion of the molecules is branched, the average number of branches per paraffin molecule being at least 0.7 and the branching comprising methyl and optionally ethyl branches, and which isoparaffinic composition may be obtained by hydrocracking and hydroisomerization of a paraffinic wax; a method of using olefins for making an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant or a cationic surfactant, in particular a surfactant sulfate or sulfonate, comprising converting the branched olefins into the surfactant; and an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant or a cationic surfactant which is obtainable by the method of use.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method for oligomerizing olefinic monomers under oligomerization conditions to form higher olefins. The novel method comprises contacting a feed comprising the olefinic monomers with a catalyst composition comprising the reaction product of: (a) a compound having a formula selected from the group consisting of M[S2C2(RaRb)]2 and M[S2C6(R1R2R3R4)]2, wherein M is a late transition metal, Ra, Rb, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently selected and may be the same or different and are selected from hydrogen, electron-withdrawing groups and unsubstituted and substituted hydrocarbyl groups; and (b) an activating cocatalyst. The improved method advantageously relates to oligomerizing olefinic monomers from feed streams having contaminants, especially sulfur-containing contaminants.

Abstract: A catalytic composition comprising at least one nickel compound mixed or complexed with at least one tertiary phosphine or a phosphite carrying a functional group, at least partly dissolved in a non-aqueous medium with an ionic nature resulting from bringing at least one aluminum halide into contact with at least one quaternary ammonium halide and/or at least one quaternary phosphonium halide, is useful for dimerizing, co-dimerizing and oligomerizing olefins. Functional groups include, but are not limited to, an amine, a cyclic amine, a nitrogen-containing heterocycle, an ester, an acid, an alcohol, a quaternary ammonium, a quaternary phosphonium, a sulfonium, a sulfonate or a phosphonate group.

Abstract: A series of soluble &agr;-diimine late transition metal catalysts has been invented. The catalysts demonstrate high activity and selectivity for linear &agr;-olefins. As such, these catalysts conveniently oligomerize ethylene. Typical activators as known to those of ordinary skill in the art are used to activate these transition metal catalyst. These catalysts can be used in a supported or unsupported form.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing styrene monomer of the formula (2) is produced by a first, second or third process. The first process includes (a) reacting a compound of the formula (1) with a compound of the formula (3), in the presence of a metal catalyst; (b) reacting the product of the step (a) with a base; and (c) reacting the product of the step (b) with hydrogen, in the presence of a metal catalyst and a phosphine or amine, thereby producing the target styrene monomer. The second process includes reacting a compound of the formula (1) with a compound of the formula (12), in the presence of a metal catalyst, thereby producing the target styrene monomer. The third process includes reacting a compound of the formula (13) with a compound of the formula (14) or (15), in the presence of a base, thereby producing the target styrene monomer.

Abstract: A catalytic composition for the dimerization, the codimerization or the oligomerization of olefins is obtained by bringing into contact at least one nickel compound that contains a heterocyclic carbene with at least one hydrocarbylaluminum halide and optionally at least one organic solvent. It is used in a process of dimerization, codimerization or oligomerization of olefins.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for use in dimerizing, co-dimerizing or oligomerizing olefins results from dissolving a nickel compound, optionally mixed or complexed with a ligand, in a medium resulting from mixing: