Abstract: Immobilized Lewis acid catalysts comprising a polymer having at least one Lewis acid immobilized within the polymer structure, said polymer having the monomer units represented by the structural formula: ##STR1## where D is OR', NH.sub.2, NHR', OM' or OM"; E is at least one Lewis acid residue, R is an alkyl group or cycloalkyl group; R.sup.2 is a divalent hydrocarbyl group, R' is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or alkylaryl group, M' is an alkali metal and M" is an alkaline earth metal. The immobilized Lewis acid catalyst is useful in olefin polymerization and in alkylation or aromatic or isoparrafinic hydrocarbons with an olefin.

Abstract: A method for dimerizing an n-butene wherein a catalyst system is used which is produced in situ from an organonickel compound having no nickel-halogen bond, a triarylphosphine and/or a monoalkyldiarylphosphine, an organoaluminum compound and hydrogen. The resulting octenes are excellent as a raw material of alcohols for a plasticizer, and an excellent plasticizer can be obtained from alcohols having 9 carbon atoms produced by using the octenes.

Abstract: A process for preparing a dimer of a lower .alpha.-olefin in the presence of Catalyst (A) containing a nickel compound, a trialkylaluminum, a halogenated phenol, a phosphorus compound and a sulfur compound, Catalyst (B) containing a nickel compound, a trialkylaluminum, a fluorinated isopropyl alcohol, a phosphorus compound, a sulfonic acid and water, or Catalyst (C) containing a nickel compound, a trialkylaluminum, a halogenated phenol, a phosphorus compound, a sulfonic acid and water, by which method, the dimer of the lower .alpha.-olefin is prepared in a high yield and high selectivity.

Abstract: Novel chromium-containing compounds, such as, for example, chromium pyrrolides, are prepared by forming a mixture of a chromium salt, a metal amide, and an electron pair donor solvent, such as, for example, an ether. These novel chromium-containing, or chromium pyrrolide, compounds can be used either unsupported or supported on an inorganic oxide support to trimerize and/or polymerize olefins.

Abstract: A process for the polymerization of ethylene or a mixture comprising ethylene and one or more alpha-olefins and, optionally, a diene, comprising passing, under polymerization conditions, the aforementioned monomer(s) into contact with a catalyst system comprising:(a) the reaction product of(i) a titanium based catalyst precursor having the formula Mg.sub.a Ti(OR).sub.b X.sub.c (ED).sub.d whereinED is an inside electron donor comprising a mixture of (A) about 1 to about 80 mole percent of an alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, or aryloxy phosphine oxide, or mixtures thereof, and (B) about 20 to about 99 mole percent of an organic ester, ether, or ketone, or mixtures thereof, said phosphine oxide also being present in a molar ratio of phosphine oxide to titanium of 0.

Abstract: An oligomerization catalyst for .alpha.-olefins, comprising[A] at least one nickel compound selected from the group consisting of a nickel salt of organic acid, a nickel salt of inorganic acid and a complex compound of nickel;[B] an organoaluminum oxy-compound having at least 3 aluminum atoms in the molecule; and[C] a trivalent phosphorous compound represented by the general formula PR.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 are each independently a hydrocarbon group or substituted hydrocarbon group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms.A process for oligomerizing .alpha.-olefin, wherein .alpha.-olefin is oligomerized in the presence of the catalyst mentioned above.

Abstract: An ethylene oligomerization process is provided wherein ethylene is contacted with an organonickel(II) compound, a phosphine compound and an alkylaluminum compound in a first solvent to produce a precursor reaction mixture, followed by contacting ethylene with the precursor reaction mixture and a fluorinated organoacid, preferably in a second solvent, to produce a product reaction mixture comprising the desired oligomerization product. Results of the process can be optimized by employing phosphorus-containing additives as described herein.

Abstract: A dimerization process for producing linear and/or mono-branched C.sub.10 to C.sub.28 olefins using dimerization catalysts and new C.sub.10 to C.sub.28 olefins mixtures are disclosed. The C.sub.10 to C.sub.28 olefin product is especially useful for the production of biodegradable alkylbenzene sulfonates detergents and intermediates therefor.

Abstract: A dimerization process for producing linear and/or mono-branched C.sub.10 to C.sub.28 olefins using dimerization catalysts and new C.sub.10 to C.sub.28 olefins mixtures are disclosed. The C.sub.10 to C.sub.28 olefin product is especially useful for the production of biodegradable alkylbenzene sulfonates detergents and intermediates therefor.

Abstract: A process for producing a propylene based oligomer which comprises polymerizing propylene alone or propylene and an olefin other than propylene in the presence of a catalyst comprising:(A) a transition metal compound represented by the general formula (I):(R.sub.5 C.sub.5).sub.m MX.sub.4-m (I)wherein R.sub.5 C.sub.5 may be the same as or different from each other and is a hydrocarbon group-substituted cyclopentadienyl group; M is a zirconium atom or hafnium atom; X may be the same as or different from each other and is a hydrogen atom, halogen atom or hydrocarbon group; m is an integer of from 1 to 4; and(B) a compound capable of forming an ionic complex when reacted with a transition metal compound, is disclosed.According to the present invention, a propylene oligomer can be produced without using a promoter such as aluminoxane or with use of a small amount of an organoaluminum compound.

Abstract: An ethylene dimerization process is provided wherein ethylene is contacted with an organonickel(II) compound, a phosphite compound and an alkylaluminum compound in a solvent to produce a precursor reaction mixture, followed by contacting ethylene with the precursor reaction mixture and a fluorinated organoacid to produce a product reaction mixture comprising a C.sub.4 fraction of predominantly 2-butenes.

Abstract: The catalytic conversion of hydrocarbon feedstocks is affected under effective conversion process conditions in the presence of silicoaluminophosphate-based catalyst compositions.

Abstract: A substantially hydrogen chloride-free active catalyst system for dimerization and codimerization of alpha-olefins. The catalyst system includes, as one catalyst, a complex of a tungsten salt and an aniline, and, as a second catalyst, an alkyl aluminum halide.

Abstract: The production of butene-1 is effected by way of dimerization of ethylene in the presence of a catalytical system: titanium tetralakoxide-aluminium trialkyl in a hydrocarbon solvent, followed by rectification of the reaction mass formed in the dimerization in the presence of a compound selected from the group consisting of aliphatic mono- and dihydric alcohols, aliphatic ethers, cyclic ethers, aliphatic ketones, amides of carboxlic acids.

Abstract: A dimer of a lower .alpha.-olefin is prepared by dimerizing a lower .alpha.-olefin in the presence of a catalyst comprising(A) nickel chloride,(B) a trialkylaluminum(C) at least one phosphorus compound selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae:PR.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 (I)P(NR.sup.1.sub.2).sub.3 (II)andP(OR.sup.1).sub.3 (III)wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different and each an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or a phenyl group and(D) 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol,wherein the catalyst has improved activity because of the use of nickel chloride as a nickel component, so that the amounts of expensive trialkylaluminum and hexafluoroisopropanol can be decreased and the cost of the catalyst can be significantly reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to azaphospholenes of the type ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be alkyl, aryl and aralkyl groups, processes for preparing same and the use thereof.

Abstract: A process for the trimerization of an olefin selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, and mixtures thereof comprising passing the olefin in contact with a catalyst comprising the reaction product of (i) a chromium compound, which will provide active catalytic species under trimerization conditions; (ii) a hydrocarbyl aluminum hydrolyzed with about 0.8 to about 1.1 moles of water per mole of aluminum compound; and (iii) a donor liquid selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl isonitriles, amines, and ethers wherein the aluminum to chromium mole ratio is in the range of up to about 200 to one and the ligand to chromium mole ratio is in the range of up to about 100 to one.

Abstract: 2,3-dimethylbutene-1 (2,3-DMB1) is produced from propene by a process comprising the steps of:(A) converting propene in one or more stages to a product comprising 2,3-dimethylbutene-2 (2,3-DMB-2) under conditions whereby the proportion of 2,3-DMB-2 in the product is maximised,(B) separating 2,3-DMB-2 from the product of step (A), and(C) contacting the 2,3-DMB-2 separated in step (B) with a catalyst active for the isomerisation of 2,3-DMB-2 to 2,3-DMB-1 under conditions whereby 2,3-DMB-2 is isomerised to 2,3-DMB-1.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing propylene oligomers at high selectivities which comprises oligomerizing propylene in the presence of a catalyst comprising an alkyl substituted cyclopentadienyl compound of zirconium and/or hafnium and a condensation product of organoaluminum compound and water.

Abstract: A process for the trimerization of an olefin selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, and mixtures thereof comprising passing the olefin and carbon dioxide in contact with a catalyst comprising the reaction product of (i) a chromium compound, which will provide active catalytic species under trimerization conditions, and (ii) a hydrocarbyl aluminum hydrolyzed with about 0.7 to about 1.1 moles of water per mole of aluminum compound wherein the aluminum to chromium mole ratio is in the range of up to about 200 to one and the mole ratio of olefin to carbon dioxide is in the range of about 4 to about 3000 moles of olefin per mole of carbon dioxide.

Abstract: An improved process for dimerizing lower .alpha.-olefins using a novel nickel-containing Ziegler catalyst system including(A) an organic acid salt or complex of nickel,(B) a trialkylaluminum,(C) a trivalent phosphorus compound of the formula:PR.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 (I)P(NR.sup.1.sub.2).sub.3 (II)P(OR.sup.1).sub.3 (III)wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 are alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl,(D) a fluorinated isopropanol of the formula: ##STR1## wherein m and n are in 4.ltoreq.m+n.ltoreq.6, and optionally (E) a catalyst co-activator: halogenated compounds of the formulae: ##STR2## wherein X is halogen, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 are alkyl, and n is 1 to 3, and further optionally,(F) a compound selected from aliphatic alcohol and aliphatic carboxylic acid or ester thereof,which yields the dimers with high selectivity of isomers and uniformity of the catalyst without corrosion of the apparatus.

Abstract: A process for oligomerizing ethylene using a bicomponent catalyst comprising a nickel ylide substituted with a sulfonato group and an alkyl aluminum alkoxide.

Abstract: A process for the trimerization of an olefin selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, and mixtures thereof comprising passing the olefin in contact with a catalyst comprising the reaction product of (i) a chromium compound, which will provide active catalytic species under trimerization conditions; (ii) a hydrocarbyl aluminum hydrolyzed with about 0.8 to about 1.1 moles of water per mole of aluminum compound; and (iii) a donor ligand selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl isonitriles, amines, and ethers wherein the aluminum to chromium mole ratio is in the range of up to about 200 to one and the ligand to chromium mole ratio is in the range of up to about 100 to one.

Abstract: Olefins such as ethylene can be polymerized with a catalyst which comprises nickel compounds obtained by reacting a nickel-(O) compound or a nickel compound which may be converted in situ into a nickel-(O) compound with an adduct or a mixture of a quinoid compound and a tertiary phosphine and with a compound corresponding to the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently represent C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkenyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 aryl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl optionally substituted by halogen, hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkoxy, nitro or C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 aryloxy; also C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 aryl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 aryl-C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl-C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 aryl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl-C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl and C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 aryl-C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylamino, optionally substituted phenoxy or alkoxy; R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.

Abstract: The process for the oligomerization of linear and/or branched chain C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 olefins with non-zeolitic molecular sieves having a framework structure of MO.sub.2, AlO.sub.2 and PO.sub.2 tetrahedra and having an empirical chemical composition on an anhydrous basis expressed by the formulamR: (M.sub.x Al.sub.y P.sub.z)O.sub.2wherein "R" represents at least one organic templating agent present in the intracrystalline pore system; "m" represents the moles of "R" present per mole of (M.sub.x Al.sub.y P.sub.z)O.sub.2. "M" represents silicon, iron, titanium or at least one of magnesium, manganese, cobalt and zinc such being present in the form of a tetrahedral oxide; "x", "y" and "z" represent the mole fractions of "M", aluminum and phosphorous, respectively.

Abstract: The process for the interconversion of "small olefins" selected from the class consisting of ethylene, propylene, butenes and mixtures thereof comprising contacting said small olefin(s) with non-zeolitic molecular sieves.

Abstract: By-product effluent streams from pyrolytic hydrocarbon cracking processes, containing monoolefins and diolefins, are treated to hydrogenate the olefins and to aromatize the aliphatics, with a catalyst comprising silicoaluminophosphates (SAPO-5, SAPO-11 etc.).

Abstract: n-Butene is dimerized with improved conversion using an in situ produced homogeneous catalyst system formed from a nickel compound such as nickel octoate, an organoaluminium compound such as aluminium monoethyl dichloride, the butene and hydrogen.

Abstract: A process for preparing linear alpha olefins and waxes having a total product M.sub.n in the range 200 to 700 comprising at least 90 mole percent linear alpha olefins which includes polymerizing an ethylene containing gas in the presence of the reaction product of a zirconium halide compound with an aluminum cocatalyst selected from the group consisting of dialkyl aluminum alkoxides or aryloxides and dialkyl aluminum disubstituted amides in the presence of a diluent at a temperature of about 50.degree. to 200.degree. C. and an ethylene pressure above about 3.5 MPa, wherein the M.sub.n of said reaction product is controlled by the molar ratio of said aluminum cocatalyst/Zr halide, said molar ratio being less than about 10.

Abstract: Improved process for preparing an ethylene polymer wax which comprises polymerizing ethylene or copolymerizing ethylene with up to 10 mole % of an alpha-olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms in the presence of (A) a highly active titanium catalyst component activated by a magnesium compound and (B) an organoaluminum catalyst component composed of (B-1) an organoaluminum compound free from halogen bonded directly to the aluminum atom and (B-2) a halogen compound of an element selected from the group consisting of elements other than titanium of Groups III and IV of the Mendelejeff's periodic table, the atomic ratio of halogen to aluminum in the organoaluminum catalyst component (B) being from about 1:6 to about 9:10, provided that when said halogen compound is a halogen compound of carbon, this atomic ratio is from about 1:6 to about 10:1, and said polymerization or copolymerization being carried out under such conditions that the concentration of ethylene polymer wax in the polymerization or copolymerization sys

Abstract: A process for preparing linear alpha olefins and waxes having a total product M.sub.n in the range 200 to 700 comprising at least 90 mole percent linear alpha olefins which includes polymerizing an ethylene containing gas in the presence of the reaction product of a zirconium halide compound with an aluminum cocatalyst selected from the group consisting of dialkyl aluminum alkoxides or aryloxides and dialkyl aluminum disubstituted amides in the presence of a pi base and in the presence of a diluent at a temperature of about 50.degree. to 200.degree. C. and an ethylene pressure above about 3.5 MPa, wherein the M.sub.n of said reaction product is controlled by the molar ratio of said aluminum cocatalyst/Zr halide, said molar ratio being less than about 1.

Abstract: A process for preparing linear alpha olefins and waxes having a total product M.sub.n in the range 200 to 700 comprising at least 90 mole percent linear alpha olefins which includes polymerizing an ethylene containing gas in the presence of the reaction product of a zirconium halide compound with an aluminum cocatalyst selected from the group consisting of dialkyl aluminum alkoxides or aryloxides and dialkyl aluminum disubstituted amides in the presence of a diluent at a temperature of about 50.degree. to 200.degree. C. and an ethylene pressure above about 3.5 MPa, wherein the M.sub.n of said reaction product is controlled by the molar ratio of said aluminum cocatalyst/Zr halide, said molar ratio being less than about 1.

Abstract: An improved catalyst composition is obtained by contacting at least one bivalent nickel compound with at least one hydrocarbyl aluminum halide, at least one Bronsted organic acid and at least one anhydride of a carboxylic acid. The composition can be used as a catalyst for olefin oligomerization.

Abstract: Optically active compounds are prepared from optically inactive unsaturated hydrocarbons by reacting at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst prepared by combining a nickel compound, a Lewis acid and an optically active phosphine of the general formulaPR'R"R'"in which R', R" and R'" are hydrocarbon radicals, thereby forming optically active compounds having chiral centers formed by the carbon-to-carbon linkages. The optically active compounds can be polymerized to provide optically active polymers.

Abstract: Dimerization of alpha,beta-unsubstituted 1-alkenes, having at least three carbon atoms, in the presence of a catalyst comprising(a) a titanium-containing component of the formulaCp.sub.2 TiXY,wherein Cp represents an optionally alkyl-substituted cyclopentadienyl group, X represents a halogen atom or an alkyl group, and Y represents a halogen atom,(b) an alkylaluminum halide, and(c) a nitrogen Lewis base,is characterized by high reaction selectivity to certain dimer products and little formation of higher polymers.

Abstract: Preparation of a hydrocarbon-soluble nickel complex substantially free of moisture comprising reacting a nickel compound with an organic complexing agent in a hydrocarbon solvent to form a complex, allowing the complex to settle and separate into a water phase and a hydrocarbon solution of the complex, then drying the hydrocarbon solution of complex by azeotropic distillation. The substantially anhydrous nickel complex obtained can be mixed with an alkylaluminum halide to form a catalyst system useful for the dimerization of olefins.

Abstract: A process for dimerizing lower .alpha.-olefins using a catalyst comprising (A) at least one nickel compound selected from the group consisting of organic acid salts of nickel, inorganic acid salts of nickel and complexes of nickel, (B) a trialkyl aluminum, (C) at least one phosphorus-containing compound selected from the group consisting of tri-valent phosphorus compounds represented by the formulae: (I) PR.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3, (II) (R.sub.2.sup.1 N).sub.n PR.sub.3-n.sup.2 and (III) (R.sup.1 O).sub.n PR.sub.3-n.sup.2 (in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each an alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl group having up to 18 carbon atoms and n is an integer of 1 to 3), and (D) a halogenated phenol of the formula (IV), ##STR1## wherein X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, X.sub.4 and X.sub.5 are each a halogen or hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group and at least one of them is a halogen atom.

Abstract: Optically active compounds are prepared from optically inactive unsaturated hydrocarbons by reacting at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst prepared by combining a nickel compound, a Lewis acid and an optically active phosphine of the general formulaPR'R"R"'in which R', R" and R"' are hydrocarbon radicals, thereby forming optically active compounds having chiral centers formed by the carbon-to-carbon linkages. The optically active compounds can be polymerized to provide optically active polymers.