Abstract: A process for hydrocarbon conversion to prepare lower olefins such as ethylene, propylene, etc., and light aromatics by bringing hydrocarbons into contact with a solid granular catalyst. In order to optimize the reaction conditions and product structure and save the capital and operating costs, a piston flow reactor is used in this process and multiple groups of feed inlets, which allow hydrocarbons with different properties to enter the device from different feed inlets and proceed pyrolysis under different operation conditions, are set on the reactor. This process is usable for individual pyrolysis or co-feed pyrolysis of hydrocarbons from refinery gases, liquid hydrocarbons, to heavy residues.

Abstract: A process for cracking an olefin-containing hydrocarbon feedstock which is selective towards light olefins in the effluent, the process comprising passing a hydrocarbon feedstock containing one or more olefins through a reactor containing a crystalline silicate selected from an MFI-type crystalline silicate having a silicon/aluminium atomic ratio of at least 180 and an MEL-type crystalline silicate having a silicon/aluminium atomic ratio of from 150 to 800 which has been subjected to a steaming step, at an inlet temperature of from 500 to 600° C., at an olefin partial pressure of from 0.1 to 2 bars and the feedstock being passed over the catalyst at an LHSV of from 5 to 30h−1 to produce an effluent with an olefin content of lower molecular weight than that of the feedstock.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for treating naphtha. The method comprises providing naphtha feed, and the naphtha feed comprises naphthene ring-containing compounds. The naphtha feed is contacted with a ring opening catalyst containing a Group VIII metal under conditions effective to ring open the naphthene rings to form a ring opened product. The ring open product can then be contacted with a catalytic cracking catalyst under effective cracking conditions to form an olefin product. The olefin product will be particularly high in ethylene and propylene content.

Abstract: Process for the production of a mono-olefin and a hydrocarbon fraction boiling in the diesel range in which (I) a gaseous paraffinic hydrocarbon-containing feedstock and a molecular oxygen-containing gas are fed to an autothermal cracker wherein they are reacted in the presence or absence of a catalyst capable of supporting combustion beyond the normal fuel rich limit of flammability under conditions whereby the feedstock is oxidatively dehydrogenated to a product comprising one or more mono-olefin(s) and synthesis gas. The product from step (I) is separated into synthesis gas and one or more mono-olefin(s) and the one or more mono-olefin(s) are recovered. Synthesis gas separated in step (II), optionally together with additional synthesis gas, is fed to a Fischer Tropsch (FT) reactor containing an FT catalyst wherein the synthesis gas is reacted under FT conditions to produce an FT product containing naphtha and hydrocarbons boiling in the diesel range.

Abstract: A method of increasing total diluent conversion in a process for the conversion of cracked gasoline and a first diluent comprising iso-pentane to aromatics and light olefins by contacting the cracked gasoline, the first diluent and a second diluent comprising either propane or 1-hexene with a zeolite catalyst containing phosphorus. The zeolite catalyst comprises a calcined, acid-leached zeolite and phosphorus. Also described is a method of making such catalyst.

Abstract: A process for cracking an olefin-rich hydrocarbon feedstock which is selective towards propylene in the effluent, the process comprising contacting a hydrocarbon feedstock containing one or more olefinic components of C4 or greater with a crystalline silicate catalyst to produce an effluent having a second composition of one or more olefinic components of C3 or greater, the feedstock and the effluent having substantially the same olefin content by weight therein characterized in that ethylene is added to the feedstock before the feedstock contacts the catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process to produce propylene from a hydrocarbon feed stream, preferably a naphtha feed stream, comprising C5 and C6 components wherein a light portion having a boiling point range of 120° C. or less is introduced into a reactor separately from the other components of the feed stream.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process in which the rate of coke formation is reduced and aromatics and light olefins yield is increased by the use of an improved zeolite catalyst that comprises a silylated, zeolite material preferably treated with steam. Another embodiment includes the use of an improved zeolite catalyst that comprises silylated, acid treated zeolite material.

Abstract: A process for hydrocarbon conversion to prepare lower olefins such as ethylene, propylene, etc., and light aromatics by bringing hydrocarbons into contact with a solid granular catalyst. In order to optimize the reaction conditions and product structure and save the capital and operating costs, a piston flow reactor is used in this process and multiple groups of feed inlets, which allow hydrocarbons with different properties to enter the device from different feed inlets and proceed pyrolysis under different operation conditions, are set on the reactor. This process is usable for individual pyrolysis or co-feed pyrolysis of hydrocarbons from refinery gases, liquid hydrocarbons, to heavy residues.

Abstract: A catalyst and an improved process for producing olefins by catalytic naphtha cracking are described. The process provides relatively higher yields over a commercially important range of naphtha conversion, while providing about the same or lower yields of aromatics and methane over the range. In the process, a hydrocarbon naphtha feedstock including a hydrocarbon having about three to about twenty carbon atoms per molecule is passed into a reactor containing a pentasil zeolite catalyst. The catalyst includes about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent phosphorus and about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent of a promoter metal selected from the group consisting of gallium, germanium, tin and mixtures thereof. The hydrocarbon may be passed into the reactor together with a diluent selected from the group consisting of steam, nitrogen, methane, and ethane and mixtures thereof. Alternatively, the hydrocarbon may be passed into the reactor together with additional propane.

Abstract: A C4+naphtha hydrocarbon feed is converted to light olefins and aromatics, by contacting the feed with a catalyst containing ZSM-5 and/or ZSM-11, a substantially inert matrix material such as silica and/or clay, having less than about 20 wt % active matrix material based on total catalyst composition, and phosphorus.

Abstract: The invention is related to a two step process wherein the first step comprises cracking an olefinic naphtha resulting in a cracked product having a diminished total concentration of olefinic species. The second step comprises hydroprocessing at least a portion of the cracked product, especially a naphtha fraction, to provide a hydroprocessed cracked product having a reduced concentration of contaminant species but without a substantial octane reduction.

Abstract: A process for producing propylene from a catalytically cracked or thermally cracked naphtha stream is disclosed herein. The naphtha stream is contacted with a catalyst containing from about 10 to 50 wt. % of a crystalline zeolite having an average pore diameter less than about 0.7 nanometers at reaction conditions which include temperatures from about 500° C. to 650° C. and a hydrocarbon partial pressure from about 10 to 40 psia. A separate stream containing aromatics may be co-fed with the naphtha stream.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing ethylene and propylene from a hydrocarbon feedstock by catalytic conversion, which comprises contacting, in a reactor, a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising 20% by weight or more, based on the weight of the hydrocarbon feedstock, of at least one C4-C12 olefin with a zeolite-containing catalyst, wherein the zeolite in the zeolite-containing catalyst satisfies the following requirements: (1) the zeolite is an intermediate pore size zeolite having a pore size of from 5 to 6.5 Å, (2) the zeolite contains substantially no proton, (3) the zeolite contains at least one metal selected from the group consisting of metals belonging to Group IB of the Periodic Table, and (4) the zeolite has an SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio of from 200 to 5,000, to effect a catalytic conversion reaction of the hydrocarbon feedstock, thereby obtaining a reaction mixture containing ethylene and propylene; and separating the ethylene and propylene from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of light olefins comprising olefins having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms per molecule from an oxygenate feedstock. The process comprises passing the oxygenate feedstock to an oxygenate conversion zone containing a metal aluminophosphate catalyst to produce a light olefin stream. A propylene stream and/or mixed butylene is fractionated from said light olefin stream and cracked to enhance the yield of ethylene and propylene products. This combination of light olefin product and propylene and butylene cracking in a riser cracking zone or a separate cracking zone provides flexibility to the process which overcomes the equilibrium limitations of the aluminophosphate catalyst. In addition, the invention provides the advantage of extended catalyst life and greater catalyst stability in the oxygenate conversion zone.

Abstract: Disclosed are silicoaluminates (SAPOs) having unique silicon distributions, a method for their preparation and their use as naphtha cracking catalysts. More particularly, the new SAPOs have a high silica:alumina ratio and favorable Si atom distribution.

Abstract: Catalyst for steam cracking reactions consisting of pure mayenite having the general formula:

Abstract: Disclosed are silicoaluminophosphates (SAPOs) having unique silicon distributions, a method for their preparation and their use as catalysts for the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks. More particularly, the new SAPOs have a high silica:alumina ratio, and are prepared from microemulsions containing surfactants.

Abstract: A process for producing polymers from C2-C4 olefins selectively produced from a catalytically-cracked or thermally-cracked naphtha stream is disclosed herein. A mixture of the naphtha stream and a stream of steam is feed into a reaction zone where it is contacted with a catalyst containing from about 10 to 50 wt. % of a crystalline zeolite having an average pore diameter less than about 0.7 nanometers at reaction conditions that include temperatures from about 500° C. to 650° C. and a hydrocarbon partial pressure from about 10 to 40 psia.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for reforming organics into shorter-chain unsaturated organic compounds. A molten metal bath is provided which can cause homolytic cleavage of an organic component of an organic-containing feed. The feed is directed into the molten metal bath at a rate which causes partial homolytic cleavage of an organic component of the feed. Conditions are established and maintained in the reactor to cause partial homolytic cleavage of the organic component to produce unsaturated organic compounds, as products of the homolytic cleavage, which are discharged from the molten metal bath.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon feed containing C4-C7 olefins and/or paraffins is converted to light olefins, by contacting the feed with a catalyst containing ZSM-5 and/or ZSM-11, having an initial silica to alumina ratio greater than about 300:1, and phosphorus.

Abstract: A catalytic pyrolysis process for production of ethylene and propylene from heavy hydrocarbons, comprises that heavy hydrocarbons are contacted with a pillared interlayered clay molecular sieve and/or phosphorus and aluminum or magnesium or calcium modified high silica zeolite having a structure of pentasil contained catalysts in a riser or downflow transfer line reactor in the presence of steam and catalytically pyrolysed at a temperature of 650° C. to 750° C. and a pressure of 0.15 to 0.4 MPa for a contact time of 0.2 to 5 seconds, a weight ratio of catalyst to feedstock of 15:1 to 40:1 and a weight ratio of steam to feedstock of 0.3:1 to 1:1. The yields of ethylene and propylene by the present invention are over 18 wt %.

Abstract: A method for optimizing the yield of light olefins in a process for the conversion of a heavy hydrocarbon stream to aromatics and light olefins by contacting the heavy hydrocarbon stream with a zeolite catalyst along with the controlled introduction of a paraffin stream co-feed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a Fluid Catalytic Cracking process conducted under fluid catalytic cracking conditions by injecting into at least one reaction zone of a fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) having one or more risers, a plurality of feeds wherein said plurality of feeds comprises at least one feed (.alpha.) and at least another feed (.beta.) wherein said feeds (.alpha.) and (.beta.) (a) differ in Conradson Carbon Residue by at least about 2 wt % points; or (b) differ in hydrogen content by at least about 0.2 wt %; or (c) differ in API gravities by at least about 2 points; or (d) differ in nitrogen content by at least about 50 ppm; or (e) differ in carbon-to-hydrogen ratio by at least about 0.3; or (f) differ in mean boiling point by at least about 200.degree. F; and wherein said feeds (.alpha.) and (.beta.) are alternately injected and wherein said alternate injection maintains said risers in a cyclic steady state, while the rest of the FCC unit is in a steady state.

Abstract: A process for selectively producing C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefins from a catalytically cracked or thermally cracked naphtha stream is disclosed. A mixture of the naphtha stream and a stream of steam is feed into a reaction zone where it is contacted with a catalyst containing from about 10 to 50 wt. % of a crystalline zeolite having an average pore diameter less than about 0.7 nanometers at reaction conditions which include temperatures from about 500 to 650.degree. C. and a hydrocarbon partial pressure from about 10 to 40 psia.

Abstract: A furnace is provided having at least two regenerator beds for heat recovery. While a first bed is being heated by hot flue gases produced by combusting a fuel and an oxidant in the furnace, a second bed, heated during a previous cycle, is cooled through carrying out an endothermic chemical reaction therein, for example the reforming reaction of a hydrocarbon with water vapor and carbon dioxide and/or the dissociation of a hydrocarbon. Once the second bed is cooled by the endothermic reaction, the hot flue gases are redirected to it while the first bed, now hot, is used for carrying out the endothermic chemical reaction. Thereafter the cycle is repeated.

Abstract: The invention improves a system and apparatus for the recovery of fine solid particles entering the slurry system of a fluidized catalytic contacting process by returning a portion of the recovered solids from the main separator directly back to the reactor stripper. The invention recovers fine particulate material from an FCC main column and returns the particulate material to an FCC stripper to reduce the amount of fine material that continues to recycle through the FCC reactor and product separator. By returning fine particulate material from the FCC product separation zone directly to a low velocity area of the stripping section, the invention breaks the reactor--main column recycle loop that concentrates the fines. Fines entering the reactor stripper will not be carried back into the cyclones for unwanted return to the main column. By the recycling of fines to the stripper via this invention, the fines concentration in the slurry system can decrease by up to 300%.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for improving the conversion of a hydrocarbon feedstock to light olefins comprising mixing a hydrocarbon feedstock with a diolefin to form a mixture; and thereafter contacting the mixture with a zeolite cracking catalyst. Preferably the catalyst is contacted at a reaction temperature within the range of about 500.degree. C. to about 750.degree. C. and the feedstock flows at a weight hourly space velocity in the range of about 0.1 Hr.sup.-1 WHSV to about 100 Hr.sup.-1 WHSV. The diolefin can be a straight, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon having at least two II bonds. Preferably diolefin is a hydrocarbon of 4 to 20 carbons.

Abstract: An improved zeolite based catalyst comprising a mixture of a zeolite and a binder treated with boron trichloride and prepared by a novel method including exposing a mixture of a zeolite material and a binder to gaseous boron trichloride under suitable process conditions.

Abstract: An improved supported catalyst containing mixed strontium and other alkaline earth oxides deposited on a sintered low surface area porous catalyst carrier (or support) precoated with mixed lanthanum and other rare earth oxides, represented by the formula:A.sub.a SrO.sub.b (x) /R.sub.c LaO.sub.d (y) /S,wherein, A is alkaline earth element selected from Be, Mg, Ca, Ba or a mixture thereof; Sr is strontium, O is oxygen; R is rare earth element selected from Ce, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu or a mixture thereof; La is lanthanum; S is catalyst support selected from sintered low surface area porous refractory inert solids comprising of alumina, silica, silica-alumina, silicon carbide, zirconia, hafnia or a mixture thereof; a is A/Sr mole ratio in the range of about 0.01 to about 10; b is number of oxygen atoms needed to fulfill the valence requirement of alkaline earth elements (A.sub.a Sr); c is R/La mole ratio in the range of about 0.

Abstract: An improved zeolite catalyst containing a zeolite and a zinc component manufactured by a novel method having certain process steps necessary for providing the improved zeolite catalyst. The process steps include incorporation of a zinc component with such zeolite followed by a steam treatment. An acid treatment can be conducted after the steam treatment. Processes are also disclosed for using the improved zeolite catalyst in the conversion of hydrocarbons, preferably non-aromatic hydrocarbons, to lower olefins (such as ethylene, propylene, and butene) and aromatic hydrocarbons (such as benzene, toluene, and xylene).

Abstract: A novel composition including either a zeolite or an acid leached zeolite containing boron, zinc and phosphorus, used in the conversion of hydrocarbons. The novel composition is prepared by a novel method including incorporating into a zeolite or an acid treated zeolite material, preferably by use of a liquid solution, a zinc component, a boron component, and a phosphorus component.

Abstract: Functionalized cyclic olefins and methods for making the same are disclosed. Methods include template-directed ring-closing metathesis ("RCM") of functionalized acyclic dienes and template-directed depolymerization of functionalized polymers possessing regularly spaced sites of unsaturation. Although the template species may be any anion, cation, or dipolar compound, cationic species, especially alkali metals, are preferred. Functionalized polymers with regularly spaced sites of unsaturation and methods for making the same are also disclosed. One method for synthesizing these polymers is by ring-opening metathesis polymerization ("ROMP") of functionalized cyclic olefins. The metathesis catalysts for both RCM and ROMP reaction are ruthenium or osmium carbene complex catalysts of the formula ##STR1## where M is Os or Ru; R and R.sup.1 each may be hydrogen, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkynyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, aryl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 carboxylate, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkoxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.

Abstract: A process for selectively producing C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefins from a catalytically cracked or thermally cracked naphtha stream. The naphtha stream is contacted with a catalyst containing from about 10 to 50 wt. % of a crystalline zeolite having an average pore diameter less than about 0.7 nanometers at reaction conditions which include temperatures from about 500 to 650.degree. C. and a hydrocarbon partial pressure from about 10 to 40 psia.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process in which the rate of coke formation is reduced without a significant sacrifice in light olefin and BTX yield by the use of a silylated, stabilized metal promoted zeolite catalyst. Another embodiment includes a novel silylated spinel/zeolite catalyst. Another embodiment includes a process for producing a zinc or gallium promoted zeolite in which the promoter is stabilized by a high temperature water vapor treatment in the presence of a metal oxide such as alumina and thereafter the stabilized catalyst precursor is calcined and silylated.

Abstract: A particulate catalyst is regenerated by upward transport in a combustor having an extended length and separated from combustion gases with a single stage of cyclones. The extended length combustor ends with a termination device arranged to tangentially discharge particulate catalyst and gases into an open disengaging vessel and to achieve a high separation efficiency. Initial high separation efficiency provided by the termination device permits a single downstream stage of cyclones to reduce particulate emissions to acceptable levels. The combination of the separation device and the extended combustor can accommodate changes in particulate densities in the extended combustor without inducing cyclone overload.

Abstract: The invention concerns NU-88 zeolite, characterized by:i) a chemical composition with the following formula, expressed in terms of the mole ratios of the oxides for the anhydrous state:100 XO.sub.2, mY.sub.2 O.sub.3, pR.sub.2/n Owherem is 10 or less;p is 20 or less;R represents one or more cations with valency n;X represents silicon and/or germanium;Y represents one or more of the following elements: aluminium, iron, gallium, boron, titanium, vanadium, zirconium, molybdenum, arsenic, antimony, chromium and manganese; andii) an X ray diffraction diagram, in its as synthesized state, which comprises the results shown in Table 1 of the description.The invention also concerns the preparation of the zeolite, any catalyst containing the zeolite and any catalytic process using such a catalyst.

Abstract: A process to convert propane into ethylene, propene, and C.sub.4 olefins, is provided. This process comprises: contacting propane with a composition under converting conditions.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon catalytic cracking process in which, a substantial portion of the hydrocarbons is pulverized and placed in contact with a specific contact zone, which is composed of: a mixing chamber having a maximum section S.sub.2, the upper part of which is fed with a heated regenerated catalyst through an upper opening delimiting a catalyst-flow section S.sub.1, and a descending-flow reaction area, in which the solid-gas mixture emanating from the mixing chamber is poured through an intermediate opening having a section S.sub.3 located in the lower part of said chamber. The ratios S.sub.2 /S.sub.1 and S.sub.2 /S.sub.3 have values of between 1.5 and 8.

Abstract: A feed mixture containing C.sub.4 -olefins to C.sub.7 -olefins is evaporated and mixed with steam in a weight ratio of H.sub.2 O:hydrocarbons in the range from 0.5:1 to 3:1. The steam containing feed mixture with an inlet temperature in the range from 380.degree. to 500.degree. C. is introduced into a reactor, which contains a bed of granular, form-selective zeolite catalyst. The zeolite is of the pentasil type and has an atomic ratio of Si:Al of 10:1 to 200:1. From the bed a product mixture is withdrawn whose temperature is 20.degree. to 80.degree. lower than the inlet temperature, and whose total content of propylene and butene isomers is at least 60 wt-% of the olefinic constituents of the feed mixture.

Abstract: A novel process is provided which integrates the cracking of hydrocarbon containing feedstocks with the olefins purification and olefins derivative process utilizing dilute olefin feedstocks.

Abstract: The invention provides an activated silica enriched mazzite having a chemical formula in the anhydrous state, expressed in molar ratios of:a M.sub.2/n O; Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ; b SiO.sub.2 ;with a variation from 0 to 0.5, M being an alkaline cation of valency n and b being greater than 7, and which has an acid strength corresponding to an amount of heat measured by ammonia absorption microcalorimetry, greater than 190 KJ/mol, and a pore volume, measured by cyclohexane adsorption, greater than 0.09 ml/g. The activated mazzites are useful in the conversion of hydrocarbons, in particular, the isomerization of C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 paraffin, and as molecular sieves in processes for the separation of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: An FCC process combines ultra short catalyst and feed contacting with the blending of spent and regenerated catalyst in a disengaging vessel that recovers a primary product and passes the separated catalyst to a riser for controlled cracking of the adsorbed heavier hydrocarbons. The disengaging vessel is used as a separation zone to quickly withdraw lighter products that are initially cracked and the riser is used for the remaining hydrocarbons as a controlled secondary cracking section to further convert heavier feed components that are not quickly displaced from the catalyst in the blending/disengaging vessel zone. A separate feed may be added riser downstream of the blending disengaging vessel for cracking of secondary feeds. The arrangement provides a great deal of flexibility in the operation of ultra short catalyst contact systems.

Abstract: A process for producing normally gaseous olefins from two different process units sharing common downstream quench and fractionation facilities, wherein one of the process units is a short contact time mechanically fluidized vaporization unit for processing petroleum residual feedstocks and the other is a conventional steam cracking unit.

Abstract: A heavy fraction oil is catalytically cracked by contacting the oil with a catalyst containing an ultrastable Y-type zeolite, in a fluid catalytic cracking apparatus having a regenerating zone, a reaction zone, a separation zone and a stripping zone and under conditions that a reaction zone outlet temperature is in a range of 550 to 700.degree. C., a catalyst/oil ratio is in a range of 15 to 100 wt/wt, and a difference between a regenerating zone catalyst concentration phase temperature (1) and the reaction zone outlet temperature (2) is in a range of 5 to 150.degree. C. According to the fluid catalytic cracking process, an amount of dry gases generated by the thermal cracking of the heavy fraction oil can be lessened while a yield of light fraction olefins can be enhanced.

Abstract: Disclosed are ruthenium and osmium carbene compounds which are stable in the presence of a variety of functional groups and which can be used to catalyze olefin metathesis reactions on unstrained cyclic and acyclic olefins. Specifically, the present invention relates to carbene compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein: M is Os or Ru; R and R.sup.1 are independently selected from hydrogen and functional groups C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkynyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, aryl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 carboxylate, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkoxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkenyloxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkynyloxy, aryloxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkylsulfonyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkylsulfinyl; each optionally substituted with C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, a halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkoxy or with a phenyl group optionally substituted with a halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkoxy; X and X.sup.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of light olefins comprising olefins having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms per molecule from an oxygenate feedstock. The process comprises passing the oxygenate feedstock to an oxygenate conversion zone containing a metal aluminophosphate catalyst to produce a light olefin stream. A propylene stream and/or mixed butylene is fractionated from said light olefin stream and cracked to enhance the yield of ethylene and propylene products. This combination of light olefin product and propylene and butylene cracking in a riser cracking zone or a separate cracking zone provides flexibility to the process which overcomes the equilibrium limitations of the aluminophosphate catalyst. In addition, the invention provides the advantage of extended catalyst life and greater catalyst stability in the oxygenate conversion zone.

Abstract: Light olefins are produced from a hydrocarbon feedstock by a steam pyrolysis reaction in the presence of small quantities of essentially pure oxygen and selected catalytic solids to enhance the steam pyrolysis reaction, to promote the combustion of hydrogen to water and to minimize the formation of carbon oxides. The catalysts are characterized by low surface area, by non-alumina supports and by the catalytic oxides of the group IVB, VB and VIB transition metals.

Abstract: A process for selective catalytic cracking of a petroleum-based feedstock to produce a product having a high yield of liquified petroleum gas (LPG) and light olefins having 3 to 4 carbons includes providing a fluidized bed reactor which is a high velocity riser, continuously circulating fluidized bed reactor; providing a solid acidic catalyst comprised of: from 1 to 6% by wt. of ultra stable Y-zeolite; from 8-25% by wt. of Pentasil zeolite which is shape selective; from 0-8% by wt. of an active material which is bottom selective; from 0-1% by wt. of rare earth constituents; and from 91 to 60% by wt. of nonacidic constituents and binder; charging the fluidized bed reactor with the solid acidic catalyst and the petroleum-based feedstock; and cracking the petroleum-based feedstock in the presence of the solid acidic catalyst in the fluidized bed reactor. The reactor is operated at a Weight Hourly Space Velocity (WHSV) ranging from 40 to 120 hr.sup.

Abstract: A thermal cracking process is provided which comprises contacting a thermal cracking furnace with a fluid stream which comprises steam and a polysulfide such as di-t-nonylpolysulfide under a condition sufficient to effect the suppression of the formation of carbon monoxide and thereafter introducing a steam fluid containing a saturated hydrocarbon such as ethane and a polysulfide such as di-t-nonylpolysulfide under a condition sufficient to convert the saturated hydrocarbon to an olefinic compound such as ethylene.