Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for non-oxidative direct conversion of methane. Specifically, in the method, a methane/hydrogen gas is introduced into an Inconel 600 reactor at a superficial velocity of 100 to 200 cm·min?1 and a catalyst is not externally introduced into the reactor. Under the conditions, a non-oxidative direct methane conversion reaction is performed in the Inconel 600 reactor. The method maximizes the reaction rate, minimizes coke formation, and increases the yields of C2 hydrocarbon compounds and aromatic compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of 1,3-butadiene from a feed comprising ethanol and acetaldehyde in the presence of a supported tantalum catalyst obtainable by aqueous impregnation of the support with a water-soluble tantalum precursor. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process for the production of a supported tantalum catalyst, and the supported tantalum catalyst. Finally, the invention relates to the use of the supported tantalum catalyst for the production of 1,3-butadiene from a feed comprising ethanol and acetaldehyde to increase one or both of selectivity and yield of the reaction.

Abstract: A method for preparing a mixed-metal oxide catalyst comprising molybdenum, vanadium, at least one of niobium or tantalum, and at least one of tellurium or antimony and useful for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene, the method comprising preparing a catalyst precursor, pressing the precursor into a dense pellet using a pressure of greater than about 5,000 psi, and annealing the pellet to form the mixed-metal oxide catalyst.

Abstract: A process is presented for the production of butadiene from a mixture of butane/butene feed. The process provides high conversion of the feed by oxidative dehydrogenation of the feed. The process enables recovery of a good portion of heat inputted from the reaction effluent. The process overcomes equilibrium limitations by oxidative dehydrogenation of butane/butene feed to produce butadiene.

Abstract: A multimetallic catalyst having a substrate, intermediate layer and catalyst layer. The catalyst exhibits selectivity greater than 90% and a conversion rate of greater than 30%.

Abstract: A method for producing a conjugated diene according to one aspect of the present invention comprises a step of contacting a raw material gas containing an alkane with a first catalyst and a second catalyst in this order to obtain a product gas containing a conjugated diene. In the production method, the first catalyst contains Sn and Pt, and a content of Sn in the first catalyst is less than 12% by mass based on the total mass of the first catalyst; and the second catalyst contains Sn and Pt, and a content of Sn in the second catalyst is 12% by mass or more based on the total mass of the second catalyst.

Abstract: A method for providing upgraded biogas includes feeding a stream of biogas into a biogas upgrading system in order to remove carbon dioxide from the stream of biogas. The biogas upgrading system, which may be based on absorption, adsorption, membrane permeation, and/or cryogenics, provides a stream of upgraded biogas and a tail gas stream. The tail gas stream, which may be CO2-rich, is enriched with natural gas so that it is combustible in medium-BTU equipment. The upgraded biogas is used for transportation use and/or the generation of fuel credits. Accordingly, both the tail gas and the upgraded biogas are used effectively and at lower cost.

Abstract: Oxidative dehydrogenation of paraffins to olefins provides a lower energy route to produce olefins. Oxidative dehydrogenation processes may be integrated with a number of processes in a chemical plant such as polymerization processes, manufacture of glycols, and carboxylic acids and esters. Additionally, oxidative dehydrogenation processes can be integrated with the back end separation process of a conventional steam cracker to increase capacity at reduced cost.

Abstract: Oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts comprising MoVNbTeO having improved consistency of composition and a 25% conversion of ethylene at less than 420° C. and a selectivity to ethylene above 95% are prepared by treating the catalyst precursor with H2O2 in an amount equivalent to 0.30-2.8 mL H2O2 of a 30% solution per gram of catalyst precursor prior to calcining.

Abstract: A process of catalytically dehydrogenating an alkane to an alkene, using Cr2O3 as a catalyst, where the catalyst is reduced concurrently with the dehydrogenation by using CO as a reducing gas. In reducing the catalyst with CO, CO2 is produced, which may be reacted with H2 produced by the dehydrogenation, to form CO and H2O by the reverse water-gas shift reaction. A Cu O heat-releasing material may be included with the catalyst in the reactor. The CO reducing gas reduces CuO to form Cu and CO2, releasing heat. The CO2 produced by reducing the Cu O may also be reacted with H2 produced by the dehydrogenation, to form CO and H2O by the reverse water-gas shift reaction.

Abstract: A process of oxidative dehydrogenation in a fluidized riser reactor is described. Hydrocarbon feed and catalyst are fed to the bottom of the fluidized riser reactor. Part of the hydrogen produced in the dehydrogenation reaction is oxidized using oxygen introduced into the riser reactor through oxygen injection ports to produce the heat required for the dehydrogenation reaction.

Abstract: A method that includes forming ethylene from methane including contacting supported-palladium with hydrogen sulfide to form a palladium sulfide catalyst and contacting the palladium sulfide catalyst with methane to form ethylene.

Abstract: Oxidative dehydrogenation of light paraffins, such as ethane at moderate temperatures (<500° C.) to produce ethylene without the formation of side products such as acetic acid and/or other oxygenated hydrocarbons is achieved using tellurium-free, multimetallic catalysts possessing orthorhombic M1 phase and other crystalline structures that have an important role for obtaining high performance catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene. Such catalysts are prepared using thermal and hydrothermal methods.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hydrocarbon conversion process in which an alkane component is catalytically converted in the presence of an oxygen or oxidizing component (i.e., oxidant). The hydrocarbon conversion process can be an oxidative coupling reaction, which refers to the catalytic conversion of alkane in the presence of oxidant to produce an olefin product, i.e., a composition containing C2+ olefin. Reverse-flow reactors can be used to carry out the oxidative coupling reaction.

Abstract: Oxidative dehydrogenation of light paraffins, such as ethane at moderate temperatures (<500° C.) to produce ethylene without the formation of side products such as acetic acid and/or other oxygenated hydrocarbons is achieved using tellurium-free, multimetallic catalysts possessing orthorhombic M1 phase and other crystalline structures that have an important role for obtaining high performance catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene. Such catalysts are prepared using thermal and hydrothermal methods.

Abstract: Apparatus for treating a gas stream comprises a plurality of cylindrical proton conducting membranes. The gas stream is conveyed through the bore of each cylindrical membrane, and a hydrogen-containing gas is conveyed about the external surface of each cylindrical membrane. A catalyst provided on the inner side of each membrane catalyses a reaction between a halogen-containing component of the gas stream, such as CF4, adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst and protons conducted through the membrane.

Abstract: Metal oxide catalysts comprising various dopants are provided. The catalysts are useful as heterogenous catalysts in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to C2 hydrocarbons such as ethane and ethylene. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.

Abstract: In the operation of an oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) process, it is desirable to remove oxygen in the product stream for a number of reasons, including to reduce oxidation of the product. This may be achieved by having several pre-reactors upstream of the main reactor having a catalyst system containing labile oxygen. The feed passes through one or more reactors saturated with labile oxygen. When the labile oxygen is consumed through a valve system, the pre-reactor accepts product from the main reactor and complexes reactive oxygen in the product stream until the catalyst system is saturated with labile oxygen. Then the reactor becomes a pre-reactor and another pre-reactor becomes a scavenger.

Abstract: A solar energy based continuous process and reactor system for the production of an alkene by dehydrogenation of the corresponding alkane is performed in a reactor which process comprises alternatingly performing a first mode and a second mode in the same reactor, wherein the first mode is a non-oxidative dehydrogenation wherein the non-oxidative dehydrogenation is performed by contacting the alkane with a suitable dehydrogenation catalyst at a temperature of at least 500° C. to produce the corresponding alkene and hydrogen and wherein the second mode is an oxidative dehydrogenation wherein the oxidative dehydrogenation is performed by contacting the alkane with a suitable dehydrogenation catalyst and an oxidation agent at a temperature from 300 to 500° C. to produce the corresponding alkene wherein the dehydrogenation catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation and the non-oxidative dehydrogenation are the same, wherein the heat for the first mode is provided by a solar energy source.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for treating a catalyst for alkane oxidative dehydrogenation and/or alkene oxidation, which catalyst is a mixed metal oxide catalyst containing molybdenum, vanadium and niobium, wherein the process comprises: contacting the catalyst with a gas mixture comprising an inert gas and oxygen (02), wherein the amount of oxygen is of from 10 to less than 10,000 parts per million by volume (ppmv), based on the total volume of the gas mixture, at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: A layered multimetallic mixed oxide (LMMO) is characterized by one or more diffraction peaks at 5<2?<15, preferably between 10<2?<15. The catalysts can be represented by the general formula: M1 M2 M3 O? wherein M1 is selected from the group of Ag, Au, Zn, Sn, Rh, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ni, Fe, Co, an alkaline metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, or mixtures thereof. M2 is selected from the group of Ti, Hf, Zr, Sn, Bi, Sb, V, Nb, Ta and P, or mixtures thereof. M3 is selected from the group of Mo, W and Cr, or mixtures thereof. ? depends on the amount and oxidation state or valence of the other components, also it depends on the starting materials, preparation method and the activation process, and where the catalyst exhibits at least one X-ray diffraction peak between 5<2?<15.

Abstract: Nanowires useful as heterogeneous catalysts are provided. The nanowire catalysts are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to C2 hydrocarbons. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is a Group 9 novel metal catalyst complex further comprising a ketone-containing cocatalyst. The metal catalyst complex is useful in generating olefins from alkanes with great efficiency. In one embodiment, provided is an iridium catalyst complex useful in the dehydrogenation of alkanes comprising a ketone-containing cocatalyst and iridium complexed with a tridentate ligand. Also provided is a novel dehydrogenation method which utilizes the catalyst composition. In other embodiments, a novel process for preparing oligomers from alkanes utilizing the catalyst composition is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hydrocarbon conversion process in which an alkane component is catalytically converted in the presence of an oxygen or oxidizing component (i.e., oxidant). The hydrocarbon conversion process can be an oxidative coupling reaction, which refers to the catalytic conversion of alkane in the presence of oxidant to produce an olefin product, i.e., a composition containing C2+ olefin. Reverse-flow reactors can be used to carry out the oxidative coupling reaction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hydrocarbon conversion process that is less energy intensive than comparable processes. The hydrocarbon conversion process is particularly desirable for converting alkanes, such as methane into C2+ olefins, such as ethylene and propylene, particularly with increasing selectivity to ethylene production. It is also desirable for effectively removing a C2 composition (i.e., ethane, ethylene and/or acetylene) produced from the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbon comprised of C2+ olefins. In addition, the hydrocarbon process is desirable for providing a substantially non-cryogenic separation of the desired C2 compositions from the hydrocarbons (e.g., methane) present in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A method is proposed for providing an oxygen-containing gas stream for the endothermic reaction of an initial stream comprising one or more hydrocarbons, having a predetermined oxygen concentration and a predetermined temperature, wherein a fluid fuel stream is combusted with a primary air stream at ? values of the primary air stream to the fluid fuel stream of from 0.6 to 1.2 to obtain a combustion gas stream, and a secondary air stream is admixed to the combustion gas stream to obtain the oxygen-containing gas stream for the endothermic reaction, with the predetermined oxygen concentration and the predetermined temperature of the oxygen-containing gas stream being adjusted via the flow rate and the temperature of the secondary air stream.

Abstract: A process comprising catalytically converting ethane to ethylene and acetic acid in the presence of oxygen at a temperature of 450° C. or less in the gas phase wherein the catalyst has the empirical formula MoVaNbbTecZdOn.

Abstract: A process of oxidative dehydrogenation in a fluidized riser reactor is described. Hydrocarbon feed and catalyst are fed to the bottom of the fluidized riser reactor. Part of the hydrogen produced in the dehydrogenation reaction is oxidized using oxygen introduced into the riser reactor through oxygen injection ports to produce the heat required for the dehydrogenation reaction.

Abstract: A single stage dehydrogenation reactor system including a charge heater and one or more reactors is described. The hydrocarbon feed is combined with hydrogen and heated in a charge heater to a temperature lower than the dehydrogenation temperature to avoid thermal cracking. Before entering the dehydrogenation reactors, oxygen is added. The oxidative preheat then takes place in the presence of the dual functional catalyst which has dehydrogenation and selective oxidation activities. The oxygen selectively burns hydrogen and raises the reaction temperature, and the dehydrogenation reaction then occurs.

Abstract: A method for the oxidative coupling of hydrocarbons, such as the oxidative coupling of methane, includes providing an oxidative catalyst inside a reactor, and carrying out the oxidative coupling reaction under a set of reaction conditions. The oxidative catalyst includes (A) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Lanthanoid group, Mg, Ca, and the elements of Group 4 of the periodic table (Ti, Zr, and Hf); (B) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Group 1 elements of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and the elements of Group 3 (including La and Ac) and Groups 5-15 of the periodic table; (C) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Group 1 elements of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and the elements Ca, Sr, and Ba; and (D) oxygen.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the manufacture of an efficient and robust catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation of paraffins to olefins, preferably lower C2-4 paraffins. The present invention provides a process for the preparation of an oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst of C2-4 paraffins to olefins comprising comminuting: from 10 to 99 weight % of a mixed oxide catalyst of the formula VxMoyNbzTemMenOp, wherein Me is a metal selected from the group consisting of Ta, Ti, W, Hf, Zr, Sb and mixtures thereof; with from 90 to 1 weight % of an inert matrix selected from oxides of titanium, zirconia, aluminum, magnesium, yttria, lantana, silica and their mixed compositions or a carbon matrix to produce particles having a size from 1 to 100 microns and forming the resulting particles into pellets having a size from 0.1 to 2 mm.

Abstract: A layered multimetallic mixed oxide (LMMO) is characterized by one or more diffraction peaks at 5<2?<15, preferably between 10<2?<15. The catalysts can be represented by the general formula: M1M2M3O? wherein M1 is selected from the group of Ag, Au, Zn, Sn, Rh, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ni, Fe, Co, an alkaline metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, or mixtures thereof. M2 is selected from the group of Ti, Hf, Zr, Sn, Bi, Sb, V, Nb, Ta and P, or mixtures thereof. M3 is selected from the group of Mo, W and Cr, or mixtures thereof. ? depends on the amount and oxidation state or valence of the other components, also it depends on the starting materials, preparation method and the activation process, and where the catalyst exhibits at least one X-ray diffraction peak between 5<2?<15.

Abstract: Form ethylene via a method that includes vaporizing elemental sulfur, providing a metal sulfide catalyst, and contacting the metal sulfide catalyst with a mixture of methane and the vaporized elemental sulfur to form ethylene. The mixture has a methane to sulfur molar ratio greater than 1.2:1.0.

Abstract: A reactor for gas-phase dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon-comprising stream with an oxygen-comprising stream over a monolithic heterogeneous catalyst. Catalytically active zone(s) comprising monoliths packed next to one another and/or above one another and a mixing zone having fixed internals upstream of each catalytically active zone. Feed line(s) for the hydrocarbon-comprising gas stream to be dehydrogenated at the lower end of the reactor. Independently regulable feed line(s), which supply distributor(s), for the oxygen-comprising gas stream into each of the mixing zones and discharge line(s) for the reaction gas mixture of the autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation at the upper end of the reactor. The interior wall of the reactor is provided with insulation. The catalytically active zone(s) is accessible from the outside of the reactor via manhole(s).

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a catalyst composition for producing organic compounds comprising (a) a catalyst that promotes the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) and a methane steam reforming (MSR) catalyst, wherein the catalyst composition causes oxidative dehydrogenation to form reactive species and oligomerization of the reactive species to produce the organic compounds; or (b) a catalyst that promotes syngas generation (SG) and a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) catalyst wherein the catalyst composition causes non-oxidative dehydrogenation to form reactive species and oligomerization of the reactive species to produce the organic compounds; or (c) a SG catalyst, a MSR catalyst, and a FT catalyst wherein the catalyst composition causes non-oxidative dehydrogenation to form reactive species and oligomerization of the reactive species to produce the organic compounds; or (d) a FT catalyst and a MSR catalyst wherein the catalyst composition causes reforming reactions and chain growing reactions to produce the organic compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process and catalyst for the direct and selective conversion of ethane to ethylene. The process provides a direct single step vapor phase selective dehydrogenation/oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene over Mo supported nanocrystalline TiO2. The process provides ethane conversion of 65-96% and selectivity of ethylene up to 100%. The process may be conducted in the presence or absence of oxygen.

Abstract: Catalytic forms and formulations are provided. The catalytic forms and formulations are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.

Abstract: Oxidative dehydrogenation of light paraffins, such as ethane at moderate temperatures (<500° C.) to produce ethylene without the formation of side products such as acetic acid and/or other oxygenated hydrocarbons is achieved using tellurium-free, multimetallic catalysts possessing orthorhombic M1 phase and other crystalline structures that have an important role for obtaining high performance catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene. Such catalysts are prepared using thermal and hydrothermal methods.

Abstract: Systems and methods conducive to the formation of one or more alkene hydrocarbons using a methane source and an oxidant in an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction are provided. One or more vessels each containing one or more catalyst beds containing one or more catalysts each having similar or differing chemical composition or physical form may be used. The one or more catalyst beds may be operated under a variety of conditions. At least a portion of the catalyst beds may be operated under substantially adiabatic conditions. At least a portion of the catalyst beds may be operated under substantially isothermal conditions.

Abstract: Embodiments include metal catalyst compositions and methods of forming metal catalyst compositions.

Abstract: A process for long-term operation of a continuous heterogeneously catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated, in which a reaction gas mixture stream comprising the hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated in a molar starting amount KW is conducted through an overall catalyst bed comprising the total amount M of dehydrogenation catalyst and the deactivation of the overall catalyst bed is counteracted in such a way that, with increasing operating time, the contribution to the conversion in the first third of the total amount M of dehydrogenation catalyst in flow direction decreases, the contribution to the conversion in the last third of the total amount M of dehydrogenation catalyst in flow direction increases, and the contribution to the conversion in the second third of the total amount M of dehydrogenation catalyst in flow direction passes through a maximum.

Abstract: The present invention provides a continuous process for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene using a mixed oxide catalyst supported onto a ceramic membrane by supplying an oxygen containing gas (air or pure oxygen) and pure ethane to the opposite sides of the membrane, so that the paraffin and the oxygen do not directly mix in the reactor.

Abstract: A method for improving performance of a catalyzed reaction carried out in a moving bed system having a reaction zone. A process stream is introduced into the reaction zone at a temperature, and the temperature of the catalyst introduced to the reaction zone is different from the process stream introduction temperature to increase conversion.

Abstract: Catalytic structures are provided comprising octahedral tunnel lattice manganese oxides ion-exchanged with metal cations or mixtures thereof. The structures are useful as catalysts for the oxidation of alkanes and may be prepared by treating layered manganese oxide under highly acidic conditions, optionally drying the treated product, and subjecting it to ion exchange.

Abstract: Provided is a novel iridium catalyst complex which is useful in the dehydrogenation of alkanes. The iridium complex comprises the metal iridium atom complexed with a benzimidazolyl-containing ligand. The iridium atom can be coordinated with the nitrogen atoms in the benzimidazolyl-containing ligand to form an NCN pincer ligand complex. In another embodiment, the iridium catalyst is used, with or without a co-catalyst, in a dehydrogenation reaction converting alkanes to olefins. The reaction can be in a closed or open system, and can be run in a liquid or gaseous phase.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for producing and separating ethane and ethylene. In some embodiments, an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) product gas comprising ethane and ethylene is introduced to a separation unit comprising two separators. Within the separation unit, the OCM product gas is separated to provide a C2-rich effluent, a methane-rich effluent, and a nitrogen-rich effluent. Advantageously, in some embodiments the separation is achieved with little or no external refrigeration requirement.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a catalyst for oxidative coupling of methane, specifically, it relates to a catalyst for oxidative coupling of methane comprising: a magnesium titanium oxide support comprising a mixed oxide of magnesium and titanium; and sodium tungstate and manganese oxide supported on the support, a method for preparing the same, and a method for oxidative coupling of methane. The catalyst for oxidative coupling according to the present disclosure, wherein a mixed oxide of magnesium and titanium is used as the support of the catalyst, is capable of providing significantly improved catalytic activity and C2 hydrocarbon yield as compared to pure magnesium oxide or titanium oxide. By preparing the oxide support not by a physical process but by a chemical sol-gel process, a catalyst for oxidative coupling with a peculiar crystal structure not found in a single oxide support can be provided.

Abstract: Nanowires useful as heterogeneous catalysts are provided. The nanowire catalysts are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to C2 hydrocarbons. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of producing a magnesia-zirconia complex carrier for a catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butane through a single-step precipitation process wherein the oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butane is to produce n-butene and 1,3-butadiene from n-butane; a method of producing a magnesium orthovanadate catalyst supported by thus prepared magnesia-zirconia complex carrier; and a method of producing n-butene and 1,3-butadiene using said catalyst.

Abstract: A process for heterogeneously catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon, in which a reaction gas mixture input stream comprising the hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated is conducted through a fixed catalyst bed disposed in a shaft and the reaction gas mixture input stream is obtained in the shaft by metering an input gas II comprising molecular oxygen upstream of the fixed catalyst bed into an input gas stream I which comprises molecular hydrogen and the hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated and is flowing within the shaft toward the fixed catalyst bed.