Abstract: Systems and methods for upgrading a heavy oil feed to a light product comprising distillate fractions and olefins, the method including combining a heavy oil feed with a naphtha-based cracking additive to produce a mixed heavy oil feed; heating the mixed heavy oil feed with a nano-zeolite catalyst in the presence of steam to effect catalytic upgrading of the mixed heavy oil feed to produce lighter distillate fractions and olefins in an upgraded product, the upgraded product including at least about 30 wt. % olefins; and separating the lighter distillate fractions from the olefins.

Abstract: Disclosed are supported platinum-tin (Pt—Sn) based catalysts and methods of their use in selective light alkane dehydrogenation to corresponding alkenes and preparation. The supported catalysts contain a support of blended zeolite, in particular SAPO-34, zinc aluminate compound, and calcium aluminate, impregnated with Pt and Sn metal and a promoter that includes an alkali metal or compound thereof, an alkaline earth metal or compound thereof, or any combination thereof.

Abstract: An integrated process for producing C3-C4 olefins or di-olefins including: contacting a hydrocarbon feed and a catalyst feed in a fluidized dehydrogenation reactor under conditions such that a product mixture is formed and the catalyst is at least partially deactivated; transferring the product mixture and the catalyst from the reactor to a cyclonic separation system under conditions such that the product mixture is converted to form a new product mixture and is separated from the catalyst; transferring at least a portion of the catalyst to a regenerator vessel and heating it in order to combust the coke deposited thereon; subjecting the catalyst to a conditioning step to form an oxygen-containing, at least partially reactivated catalyst; and transferring the partially reactivated catalyst back to the fluidized dehydrogenation reactor.

Abstract: A method for producing a conjugated diene according to one aspect of the present invention comprises a step of contacting a raw material gas containing an olefin with a dehydrogenation catalyst to obtain a product gas containing a conjugated diene. In the production method, the dehydrogenation catalyst contains Al, a group 14 metal element, and Pt, and a content of the group 14 metal element in terms of oxide in the dehydrogenation catalyst is 9% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less based on the total mass of the dehydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: A process is described for making renewable isobutene and renewable isoprene, comprising converting a mixed acid feed including acetic acid and propionic acid to a product mixture including isobutene and at least one or both of 2-methyl-1-butene and 2-methyl-2-butene in the presence of a catalyst, separating isobutene from the product mixture and dehydrogenating either or both of the 2-methyl-1-butene and 2-methyl-2-butene in the remainder to provide isoprene.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for dehydrating alkanes, wherein the alkane is guided in a reactor for the dehydrogenation of alkanes via a catalyst, and the process may be carried out adiabatically or non-adiabatically, and the catalyst for dehydration can be regenerated after the reaction phase by means of transferring a gas, wherein said gas is guided via the catalyst after a short rinsing phase using water vapor, and said regeneration gas consists of a gas containing oxygen and of steam, and after regeneration the catalyst is freed of the gas containing oxygen by transferring steam, wherein the duration of the transfer of a gas containing oxygen is significantly reduced as compared to common methods and represents 70% or less of the total regeneration time, and the catalyst has an increased selectivity for forming alkene by means of carrying out the regeneration at a constant activity, and the catalyst is comprised of a metal of the group of platinum metals or group VIB of the periodic table of the elem

Abstract: A solar energy based continuous process and reactor system for the production of an alkene by dehydrogenation of the corresponding alkane is performed in a reactor which process comprises alternatingly performing a first mode and a second mode in the same reactor, wherein the first mode is a non-oxidative dehydrogenation wherein the non-oxidative dehydrogenation is performed by contacting the alkane with a suitable dehydrogenation catalyst at a temperature of at least 500° C. to produce the corresponding alkene and hydrogen and wherein the second mode is an oxidative dehydrogenation wherein the oxidative dehydrogenation is performed by contacting the alkane with a suitable dehydrogenation catalyst and an oxidation agent at a temperature from 300 to 500° C. to produce the corresponding alkene wherein the dehydrogenation catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation and the non-oxidative dehydrogenation are the same, wherein the heat for the first mode is provided by a solar energy source.

Abstract: A method of forming a dehydrogenation catalyst support is carried out by forming a mixture comprising a bayerite aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) and water into a support material. The support material is particulized. The particulized support material is compressed to a pressure of at least 5,000 psig to form a shaped body. The shaped body is calcined in pure steam at a temperature of at least 750° C. for at least 0.25 hours to form a catalyst support having an average pore diameter of 200 ? or greater. The catalyst support can then be treated with a dehydrogenation catalyst component so that the catalyst support contains the dehydrogenation catalyst component to form a dehydrogenation catalyst that can then be used by contacting a hydrocarbon feed with the catalyst within a reactor in the presence of steam under dehydrogenation reaction conditions suitable to form dehydrogenated hydrocarbon products.

Abstract: A process for the dehydrogenation of a paraffinic hydrocarbon compound, such as an alkane or alkylaromatic hydrocarbon compound to produce an unsaturated hydrocarbon compound, such as an olefin or vinyl aromatic compound or mixture thereof, in which a dehydrogenation catalyst contacts gaseous reactant hydrocarbons in a reactor at dehydrogenation conditions.

Abstract: The provided is a method for preparing a platinum-tin-metal-alumina catalyst by comprising: as an active ingredient, platinum which has a high activity in a direct dehydrogenation reaction of n-butane, tin which can increase the catalyst stability by preventing carbon deposition; additionally metal for reducing the level of catalyst inactivation over the reaction time; and an alumina carrier for supporting said components. Further, provided is a method for producing a high value product, C4 olefins from low cost n-butane by using the catalyst prepared by the method according to the present invention in a direct dehydrogenation reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalytic composition which comprises microspheroidal alumina and an active component containing a mixture comprising Gallium and/or Gallium oxides, Tin and/or Tin oxides, a quantity ranging from 1 ppm to 500 ppm with respect to the total weight of the catalytic composition of platinum and/or platinum oxides, and oxides of alkaline and/or alkaline earth metals.

Abstract: A liquid phase dehydrogenation process is described. The process includes reacting a liquid feed stream containing C10 to C28 paraffins and dissolved hydrogen in a dehydrogenation reaction zone in the presence of a dehydrogenation catalyst under liquid dehydrogenation conditions to dehydrogenate the paraffins to form a liquid dehydrogenation product stream comprising monoolefins, unreacted paraffins, and hydrogen, wherein the monoolefins in the product stream have 10 to 28 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for dehydrogenating alkane or alkylaromatic compounds comprising contacting the given compound and a dehydrogenation catalyst in a fluidized bed. The dehydrogenation catalyst is prepared from an at least partially deactivated platinum/gallium catalyst on an alumina-based support that is reconstituted by impregnating it with a platinum salt solution, then calcining it at a temperature from 400° C. to 1000° C., under conditions such that it has a platinum content ranging from 1 to 500 ppm, based on weight of catalyst; a gallium content ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 wt %; and a platinum to gallium ratio ranging from 1:20,000 to 1:4. It also has a Pt retention that is equal to or greater than that of a fresh catalyst being used in a same or similar catalytic process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dehydrogenation catalyst composite that is capable of providing a dehydrogenated hydrocarbon product characterized by a bromine number of at least 19. for hydrocarbons. The dehydrogenation catalyst of the present invention comprises a nano-sized complex containing a Group VIII component; a group IVA component and a sulfur containing capping agent; an alkali component; a halogen component; and a support with an inner core of alpha alumina and an outer layer comprising a mixture of gamma alumina and delta alumina.

Abstract: The provided is a preparation method of a platinum/tin/alumina catalyst which comprises platinum as an active component having high activity to direct dehydrogenation of n-butane, tin capable of preventing platinum particles from being sintered and maintaining a size of the platinum particles to be small, thereby improving dispersibility and increasing an amount at an active site during the dehydrogenation and also capable of suppressing carbon deposition, thereby increasing stability of the catalyst, and as an support for supporting them, an alumina support which is known as being suitable for direct dehydrogenation of n-butane and is capable of maintaining high dispersibility of the platinum with high thermal and mechanical stability, and a method for producing high value-added C4 olefins through direct dehydrogenation of inexpensive n-butane by using the catalyst prepared by the preparation method.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of increasing stability of a catalyst used in a dehydrogenation process. The method includes storing fresh catalyst in a reduction zone, passing a gas through the reduction zone, introducing hydrocarbons and hydrogen gas into a reactor positioned downstream from the reduction zone to facilitate a dehydrogenation reaction, and replenishing spent catalyst in the reactor with fresh catalyst from the reduction zone. The gas has a moisture content at or below about 4000 ppmv and a temperature at or below about 290° C. The reactor includes catalyst for increasing the rate of the dehydrogenation reaction. The moisture content of the gas may be reduced to at or below about 4000 ppmv by passing the gas through a drier or by using an inert gas stream. The temperature of the gas may also be reduced.

Abstract: A catalyst composition useful for the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbon comprises components (A)-(G). Component (A) is a catalyst substrate. (B) is platinum. (C) is at least one of germanium, tin, lead, gallium, indium, and titanium. (D) is phosphorus, the total amount of component (D) being at a level of from 1 wt. % to 3 wt. %. (E) is at least one of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium, and a lanthanide, the total amount of component (E) being at a level of from 0.1 wt. % to 5 wt. %. (F) is chloride at a level of 0.1 wt. % to 2 wt. %. Component (G) is manganese. The catalyst may be used in the conversion of hydrocarbons wherein a hydrocarbon feed is contacted with the catalyst within a reactor under hydrocarbon conversion reaction conditions to form hydrocarbon conversion products. Sources of the various components are combined in a method to form the catalyst composition.

Abstract: Increase propane dehydrogenation activity of a partially deactivated dehydrogenation catalyst by heating the partially deactivated catalyst to a temperature of at least 660° C, conditioning the heated catalyst in an oxygen-containing atmosphere and, optionally, stripping molecular oxygen from the conditioned catalyst.

Abstract: A supported catalyst and process for dehydrogenating a hydrocarbon, the catalyst comprising a first component selected from the group consisting of tin, germanium, lead, indium, gallium, thallium, and compounds thereof; a second component selected from the group consisting of metals of Group 8 of the Periodic Table of the Elements and compounds thereof, and a support comprising alumina in the gamma crystalline form. The catalysts are especially active and efficient when employed in concurrent flow in a dehydrogenation reactor having an average contact time between the hydrocarbon and catalyst of from 0.5 to 10 seconds.

Abstract: A process for the dehydrogenation of paraffins is presented. The process utilizes a rapid recycling of dehydrogenation catalyst between the dehydrogenation reactor and the catalyst regeneration unit. The process comprises preheating a combined hydrogen and paraffin hydrocarbon feedstream and passing the combined stream to a dehydrogenation reactor. The hydrocarbon feedstream and the catalyst pass through the reactor at a rate to limit the average residence time of the catalyst in the reactor. The catalyst is cycled to a regeneration unit, and passed through the regeneration unit to limit the average residence time of the catalyst in the regeneration unit.

Abstract: A process is presented for the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons in a radial flow reactor. The process includes the continuous feeding of catalyst into the reactor and the continuous withdrawal of catalyst from the reactor, where the catalyst is modified to increase the increased density. The catalyst is a layered structure with a dense core and an active catalytic outer layer.

Abstract: Solid supported organoiridium catalysts, a process for preparing such solid supported organoiridium catalysts, and the use of such solid supported organoiridium catalysts in dehydrogenation reactions of alkanes is provided. The catalysts can be easily recovered and recycled.

Abstract: Use a supported catalyst that includes a catalyst support and a combination of nickel, gallium, and, optionally, one or more of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal and a lanthanide to effect non-oxidative dehydrogenation of an oxygen-free gaseous stream that comprises an alkane such as ethane, propane or butane to a product stream that comprises a corresponding alkene such as propylene where the alkane is propane.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing an unsaturated hydrocarbon by dehydrogenating a hydrocarbon into a corresponding unsaturated hydrocarbon with use of a nontoxic catalyst having a long catalytic life. The process for producing unsaturated hydrocarbons includes a step of dehydrogenating a hydrocarbon into a corresponding unsaturated hydrocarbon by contacting the hydrocarbon with a catalyst A that is obtained by supporting zinc and a Group VIIIA metal on a silicate obtained by removing at least part of the boron atoms from a borosilicate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing butene from n-butane by direct dehydrogenation using a specific supported catalyst. When the supported catalyst of the present invention, wherein platinum, palladium or platinum and palladium as main catalyst and a copper cocatalyst are supported on an alumina support, is used to prepare n-butenes by direct dehydrogenation of n-butane, production of byproducts resulting from cracking and isomerization, deposition of carbon and inactivation of the catalyst are effectively suppressed and conversion ratio of n-butane and selectivity to n-butenes are remarkably improved.

Abstract: The invention describes catalysts, methods of making catalysts, methods of making a microchannel reactor, and methods of conducting chemical reactions. It has been discovered that superior performance can be obtained from a catalyst formed by directly depositing a catalytic material onto a (low surface area) thermally-grown alumina layer. Improved methods of conducting oxidative dehydrogenations are also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon feedstock in the presence of a catalyst that comprises a noble metal M that is selected from the group that consists of platinum, palladium, rhodium, and iridium, at least one promoter X1 that is selected from the group that consists of tin, germanium, and lead, and optionally a promoter X2 that is selected from the group that consists of gallium, indium and thallium, an alkaline or alkaline-earth compound and a porous substrate, in which the atomic ratio X1/M and optionally X2/M is between 0.3 and 8, the Hir/M ratio that is measured by hydrogen adsorption is greater than 0.40, and the bimetallicity index BMI that is measured by hydrogen/oxygen titration is greater than 108.

Abstract: A process for catalyst regeneration is presented. The process regenerates a catalyst in a paraffin dehydrogenation process, where the reaction is endothermic. The regeneration process provides the heat for the process through heating the catalyst and removes the need for a charge heater to the dehydrogenation reactor, which in turn eliminates high temperature thermal residence time which eliminates thermal cracking of the feed and improves the overall product selectivity. In addition, plot area, equipment costs and operating complexity are reduced.

Abstract: A process for the dehydrogenation of a paraffinic hydrocarbon compound, such as an alkane or alkylaromatic hydrocarbon compound to produce an unsaturated hydrocarbon compound, such as an olefin or vinyl aromatic compound or mixture thereof, in which a dehydrogenation catalyst contacts gaseous reactant hydrocarbons in a reactor at dehydrogenation conditions.

Abstract: Methods of oxidative dehydrogenation are described. Surprisingly, Pd and Au alloys of Pt have been discovered to be superior for oxidative dehydrogenation in microchannels. Methods of forming these catalysts via an electroless plating methodology are also described. An apparatus design that minimizes heat transfer to the apparatus' exterior is also described.

Abstract: An improved process and system for the endothermic dehydrogenation of an alkane stream is described. The process and system of the present invention comprise a back-mixed fluidized bed reactor. The alkane stream is dehydrogenated in a single reactor stage by contacting the alkane stream with a back-mixed fluidized bed of catalyst. Deactivated catalyst is withdrawn from the back-mixed fluidized reactor and heated to produce hot regenerated catalyst. The hot regenerated catalyst is returned to the back-mixed fluidized bed reactor at a rate sufficient to maintain the back-mixed fluidized bed reactor at substantially isothermal conditions.

Abstract: A process for continuous heterogeneously catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of at least one hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated in a reactor which is manufactured from a composite material which consists, on its side in contact with the reaction chamber, of a steel B with specific elemental composition which, on its side facing away from the reaction chamber, either directly or via an intermediate layer of copper, or of nickel, or of copper and nickel, is plated onto a steel A with specific elemental composition, and also partial oxidations of the dehydrogenated hydrocarbon and the reactor itself.

Abstract: A process for heterogeneously catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon, in which a reaction gas mixture input stream comprising the hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated is conducted through a fixed catalyst bed disposed in a shaft and the reaction gas mixture input stream is obtained in the shaft by metering an input gas II comprising molecular oxygen upstream of the fixed catalyst bed into an input gas stream I which comprises molecular hydrogen and the hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated and is flowing within the shaft toward the fixed catalyst bed.

Abstract: A process for continuous heterogeneously catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of at least one hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated in a reactor which is manufactured from a steel with specific elemental composition on its side in contact with the reaction gas, and also partial oxidations of the dehydrogenated hydrocarbon and the reactor itself.

Abstract: Catalytic system for partial oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons characterized in that it contains: one or more metals belonging to the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd transition series; one or more elements of group IIIA, IVA or VA, wherein at least one of said metals or said elements is in the form of a nitride.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing unsaturated hydrocarbons. According to said method, in a first step, a hydrocarbon, especially a mixture which contains alkanes, essentially no water, and can contain water vapour, is continuously guided through a first catalyst bed provided with standard dehydration conditions. Liquid water, water vapour and a gas containing oxygen are then added to the reaction mixture obtained in the first step and, in a second step, the reaction mixture obtained is then continuously guided through another catalyst bed for oxidising hydrogen and for further dehydrating hydrocarbons. The first catalyst bed can be heated and the heating in the first step is then preferably regulated in such a way that an essentially isothermic operating mode is created.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reactor design that enables an auto-thermal cracking process to be conducted at any suitable pressure wherein the gaseous reactants are preheated separately before mixing and then presented to the reaction zone in a uniformly distributed manner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for dehydrating alkanes, wherein the alkane is guided in a reactor for the dehydrogenation of alkanes via a catalyst, and the process may be carried out adiabatically or non-adiabatically, and the catalyst for dehydration can be regenerated after the reaction phase by means of transferring a gas, wherein said gas is guided via the catalyst after a short rinsing phase using water vapor, and said regeneration gas consists of a gas containing oxygen and of steam, and after regeneration the catalyst is freed of the gas containing oxygen by transferring steam, wherein the duration of the transfer of a gas containing oxygen is significantly reduced as compared to common methods and represents 70% or less of the total regeneration time, and the catalyst has an increased selectivity for forming alkene by means of carrying out the regeneration at a constant activity, and the catalyst is comprised of a metal of the group of platinum metals or group VIB of the periodic table of the elem

Abstract: A process for continuous heterogeneously catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of at least one hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated in a reactor which is manufactured from a steel with specific elemental composition on its side in contact with the reaction gas, and also partial oxidations of the dehydrogenated hydrocarbon and the reactor itself.

Abstract: Methods of dehydrogenating hydrocarbons to yield unsaturated compounds are described. Reactor configurations useful for dehydrogenation are also described. Hydrocarbons can be dehydrogenated, for relatively long periods of time-on-stream, in a reaction chamber having a dimension of 2 mm or less to produce H2 and an olefin. Techniques have been developed that reduce coke and allow stable, relatively long-term operation in small reactors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon feedstock in the presence of a catalyst that comprises a noble metal M that is selected from the group that consists of platinum, palladium, rhodium, and iridium, at least one promoter X1 that is selected from the group that consists of tin, germanium, and lead, and optionally a promoter X2 that is selected from the group that consists of gallium, indium and thallium, an alkaline or alkaline-earth compound and a porous substrate, in which the atomic ratio X1/M and optionally X2/M is between 0.3 and 8, the Hir/M ratio that is measured by hydrogen adsorption is greater than 0.40, and the bimetallicity index BMI that is measured by hydrogen/oxygen titration is greater than 108.

Abstract: The activity of a dehydrogenation catalyst is improved by increasing the water concentration maintained in the reactants toward the start of the catalyst's life, but after the catalyst has deactivated to the extent that the temperature required to maintain the conversion per pass of paraffinic hydrocarbon through the reaction zone increases by at least 2° C.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing functionalized olefins from a fuel source including an organic compound including a functional group. Useful fuel sources include, for example, biofeedstocks (e.g., carbohydrates, triglycerides, polyols, and biodiesel). The process is preferably carried out by partial oxidation. The overall process can be carried out autothermally.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing propylene during which a first gas mixture, which is technically free of oxygen but contains propane, water vapor and hydrogen, and which has a temperature of at least 400° C., is led into a reaction device having at least one catalyst bed as well as usual dehydration conditions. Another gas mixture, which contains propane and oxygen and which can also contain ammonia, the propane content exceeding the oxygen content, is led into the same reaction device in which it reacts with the first gas mixture while forming propylene, water vapor and hydrogen, and the formed gas mixture containing propylene, water vapor and hydrogen is drawn out of the reaction device.

Abstract: A process for treating organic compounds includes providing a composition which includes a substantially mesoporous structure of refractory oxide containing at least 97% by volume of pores having a pore size ranging from about 15 ? to about 30 ? and having a micropore volume of at least about 0.01 cc/g, wherein the mesoporous structure has incorporated therewith at least about 0.02% by weight of at least one catalytically and/or chemically active heteroatom selected from the group consisting of Al, Ti, V, Cr, Zn, Fe, Sn, Mo, Ga, Ni, Co, In, Zr, Mn, Cu, Mg, Pd, Pt and W, and the catalyst has an X-ray diffraction pattern with one peak at 0.3° to about 3.5° at 2 theta (?). The catalyst is contacted with an organic feed under reaction conditions wherein the treating process is selected from alkylation, acylation, oligomerization, selective oxidation, hydrotreating, isomerization, demetalation, catalytic dewaxing, hydroxylation, hydrogenation, ammoximation, isomerization, dehydrogenation, cracking and adsorption.

Abstract: The activity of a dehydrogenation catalyst is improved by increasing the water concentration maintained in the reactants toward the start of the catalyst's life, but after the catalyst has deactivated to the extent that the temperature required to maintain the conversion per pass of paraffinic hydrocarbon through the reaction zone increases by at least 2° C.

Abstract: A catalyst and process is disclosed to selectively upgrade a paraffinic feedstock to obtain an isoparaffin-rich product for blending into gasoline. The catalyst comprises a support of a tungstated oxide or hydroxide of a Group IVB (IUPAC 4) metal, a phosphorus component, and at least one platinum-group metal component which is preferably platinum. The catalyst has a structure other than a heteropoly anion structure.

Abstract: A process for the production of a mono-olefin from a feedstock comprising a paraffinic hydrocabon which process comprises a) partially combusting at a pressure of at least (15) barg a mixture of the hydrocarbon feed and a molecular oxygen-containing gas in contact with a catalyst capable of supporting combustion beyond the normal fuel rich limit of flammability where they are reacted to form a product comprising one or more mono-olefin(s), carbon monoxide and hydrogen and b) recovering the one or more olefin(s).

Abstract: A process for adiabatic, non-oxidative dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons including passing a hydrocarbon feed stream through a catalyst bed, wherein the catalyst bed includes a first layer of a catalyst and second layer of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst of the first layer has high activity but a higher capacity for producing coke than the catalyst of the second layer and the second catalyst also has high activity but a lower capacity for producing coke than the catalyst of the first layer.

Abstract: A process for heterogeneously catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon, in which a reaction gas mixture input stream comprising the hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated is conducted through a fixed catalyst bed disposed in a shaft and the reaction gas mixture input stream is obtained in the shaft by metering an input gas II comprising molecular oxygen upstream of the fixed catalyst bed into an input gas stream I which comprises molecular hydrogen and the hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated and is flowing within the shaft toward the fixed catalyst bed.