Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, inside of an engine exhaust passage, a hydrocarbon feed valve and an exhaust purification catalyst are arranged. On the exhaust purification catalyst, platinum Pt is carried and a basic layer is formed. The concentration of hydrocarbons which flows into the exhaust purification catalyst is made to vibrate by within a predetermined range of amplitude and a predetermined range of period due to which the NOx which is contained in exhaust gas is reduced at the exhaust purification catalyst. At this time, the greater the oxidizing strength of the exhaust purification catalyst, the greater the injection pressure of hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon feed valve.

Abstract: A motor vehicle includes a tank for storing a liquid reducing agent suppliable to the exhaust system of an internal-combustion engine, and an air delivery device, by which an excess pressure can be built-up in a cushion of air situated in the tank above the reducing agent level. Via the air delivery device, alternatively, a vacuum is generatable in the air cushion, which vacuum supports feeding of the agent into the tank. Via the vacuum in the air cushion, reducing agent can also be returned from a pipe, which leads the reducing agent to the exhaust system, back into the tank, and/or additional liquid reducing agent can be transferred from a storage tank by way of a supply duct.

Abstract: Provided is an emission treatment system and method for simultaneously remediating the nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter, and gaseous hydrocarbons present in diesel engine exhaust streams. The emission treatment system has an oxidation catalyst upstream of a soot filter coated with a material effective in the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NOx by a reductant, e.g., ammonia. Also provided is a method for disposing an SCR catalyst composition on a wall flow monolith that provides adequate catalyst loading, but does not result in unsuitable back pressures in the exhaust.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, inside of an engine exhaust passage, a hydrocarbon feed valve (15) and an exhaust purification catalyst (13) are arranged. The exhaust purification catalyst (13) is comprised of an upstream-side catalyst (14a) and a downstream-side catalyst (14b) arranged in series at an interval from each other. The upstream-side catalyst (14b) has a smaller cross-sectional area than the downstream-side catalyst (14b). The concentration of hydrocarbons which flow into the upstream-side catalyst (14a) is made to vibrate by within a predetermined range of amplitude of a 200 ppm or more and within a predetermined range of period of 5 seconds or less, whereby the NOx which is contained in exhaust gas is reduced at the exhaust purification catalyst (13).

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification system and a regeneration control method thereof is configured to determine whether a regeneration condition of particulate filter is satisfied through vehicle information to regenerate the particulate filter until particulate matter has reached a predetermined reference amount by increasing temperature of exhaust gas when a regeneration condition is satisfied, to maintain temperature of lean NOx trap in a range of a predetermined reference temperature when regeneration of the particulate filter has reached the predetermined reference amount, to provide desulfurization performed to the lean NOx trap during rich burn, and regeneration where the particulate matter during lean burn is removed according to engine being controlled to drive such that lean burn and rich burn are repeatedly and alternately performed, and to control engine to drive by a normal burn when the desulfurization of the lean NOx trap and the regeneration of the particulate filter are completed.

Abstract: The present application thus provides a gas turbine engine system. The gas turbine engine system may include a gas turbine engine, a nitrogen oxides reduction system in communication with a flow of combustion gases downstream from the gas turbine engine, and a nitrogen oxides controller to control the ratio of nitrogen dioxide to nitrogen oxides in the flow of combustion gases entering the nitrogen oxides reduction system.

Abstract: A NOx amount capable of being absorbed by a criteria catalyst as a boundary between degradation and normality is supplied to a NOx storage reduction catalyst and thereafter, a reducer amount corresponding to the NOx amount is supplied by a rich spike operation. Degradation of the NOx catalyst is determined based upon the output of the NOx sensor at this time. Since the degradation of the NOx catalyst is determined only by a magnitude of the NOx sensor output, the degradation diagnosis can be performed with high precision. While the catalyst is normal, the excessive reducers are not supplied and therefore, deterioration of the fuel consumption can be prevented.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, described herein is an apparatus for decomposing diesel exhaust fluid into ammonia for an internal combustion engine (ICE) system having a selective catalytic reduction system. The apparatus includes an outlet cover, an inlet cover coupled to the outlet cover, and a support plate disposed between the outlet cover and the inlet cover. The support plate forms an outlet channel with the outlet cover and an inlet channel with the inlet cover. The inlet channel is fluidly coupled to the outlet channel. Additionally, the inlet channel may be adjacent to the outlet channel.

Abstract: A device and method relating to the storage and delivery of ammonia for use in an after-treatment device for NOx reduction in an exhaust stream, is disclosed. The device includes a cartridge having an ammonia adsorbing and desorbing material contained therein, and a recharging device for use in recharging the material with ammonia after the ammonia is released to a pre-determined level. The method includes providing a sealable cartridge having an interior, providing a predetermined amount of an ammonia-containing material within the interior of the container, positioning a recharging device within the interior of the sealable cartridge, releasing ammonia gas from the ammonia-containing material into an after-treatment device for use in the exhaust system of a vehicle for the reduction of NOx, introducing liquid ammonia into the recharging device, and recharging the ammonia-containing material for re-use in the exhaust system.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes systems and methods for recharging a storage catalyst of an internal combustion engine. A method is described, comprising: while operating an engine in a substoichiometric operating mode when the engine is under medium load and responsive to an LNT condition, assisting the engine with an electric machine connected to an engine crankshaft. The electric machine provides an auxiliary drive to assist the engine in maintaining the substantially steady state substoichiometric operating mode which may be used to reduce NOx or SOx build up in a storage catalytic convertor or to assay the condition of a storage catalytic convertor.

Abstract: A selective catalytic reduction catalyst capable of reducing the NOx in exhaust gas to N2 is arranged in an exhaust pipe of an engine. Fluid feed has a fluid injecting nozzle facing the exhaust pipe on the exhaust gas upstream side from the selective catalytic reduction catalyst. The fluid feed is configured such that a urea fluid that functions as a reducing agent is fed with the selective catalytic reduction catalyst from the fluid injecting nozzle to the exhaust pipe. Ozone feed includes an ozone injecting nozzle that faces the exhaust pipe on the exhaust gas upstream side from the selective catalytic reduction catalyst, and on the exhaust gas upstream side or the exhaust gas downstream side from the fluid injecting nozzle. The ozone feed is configured such that ozone is fed from the ozone injecting nozzle to the exhaust pipe.

Abstract: Systems, apparatus and methods are disclosed for reducing the amount of nitrous oxide (N2O) produced in a selective catalytic reductant (SCR) catalyst in an exhaust aftertreatment system. The SCR catalysts are arranged to reduce the amount of N2O produced during NOx reduction while not adversely affecting NOx conversion.

Abstract: Described are SCR catalyst systems comprising a first SCR catalyst composition and a second SCR catalyst composition arranged in the system, the first SCR catalyst composition promoting higher N2 formation and lower N2O formation than the second SCR catalyst composition, and the second SCR catalyst composition having a different composition than the first SCR catalyst composition, the second SCR catalyst composition promoting lower N2 formation and higher N2O formation than the first SCR catalyst composition. The SCR catalyst systems are useful in methods and systems to catalyze the reduction of nitrogen oxides in the presence of a reductant.

Abstract: An aftertreatment system is disclosed. The aftertreatment system can include a hydrolysis catalyst disposed within a first canister adjacent to a downstream end of the first canister and a nozzle positioned to inject reductant into the first canister upstream of the hydrolysis catalyst. A particulate collection device, which may be catalyzed to promote NOX reduction in the presence of the reductant, can be disposed within a second canister of the aftertreatment system adjacent to an upstream end thereof. An exhaust conduit can extend from the downstream end of the first canister to the upstream end of the second canister. An interior volume within the exhaust conduit can extend from an upstream end adjacent to and in fluid communication with the hydrolysis catalyst to a downstream end adjacent to and in fluid communication with the particulate collection device.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, inside of an engine exhaust passage, an NOx adsorption part and an NOx purification part are arranged. The NOx purification part has the property of reducing NOx which is contained in exhaust gas if the concentration of hydrocarbons is made to vibrate by within a predetermined range of amplitude and within a predetermined range of period. When NOx is to be desorbed from the NOx adsorption part, the current NOx which is contained in the exhaust gas and the NOx which is desorbed from the NOx adsorption part are reduced by making the concentration of hydrocarbons of the NOx purification part vibrate by the amplitude and period which are set for the current engine operating state, at least of which (?T·k) has been corrected so that the amount of hydrocarbons becomes greater.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for injecting water during an engine cylinder deactivation event so as to reduce an exhaust catalyst regeneration requirement following the cylinder deactivation. In one example, water is injected at one or more deactivated engine cylinders to reduce oxidation of the exhaust catalyst. Then, during engine cylinder reactivation, a degree of richness of a combustion air-to-fuel ratio may be reduced to decrease fuel penalty to the engine while reducing NOx emission.

Abstract: A method is presented for controlling an internal combustion engine (10), which includes an exhaust gas system (12) having an exhaust gas aftertreatment component (22) that temporarily stores exhaust gas constituents and can be regenerated, wherein an expected value for a temperature of the exhaust gas aftertreatment component (22) is formed as a function of an increase in temperature, which arises as a result of exothermal reactions during the duration of an operating mode (BA2) of the internal combustion engine (10) which is set for the regeneration of said exhaust gas aftertreatment component (22), wherein the expected value is compared with an upper threshold value (T_max) and the control of said internal combustion engine (10) is changed when the threshold value (T_max) is exceeded, such that an expected value formed while taking the changed control into account does not exceed said threshold value (T_max).

Abstract: A method for monitoring an exhaust after-treatment system that doses an exhaust treatment fluid held from a tank into an exhaust stream. The method includes determining a first temperature of the exhaust treatment fluid in the tank using a temperature sensor. If the first temperature of the exhaust treatment fluid is less than a predetermined temperature, a heater is activated to increase the first temperature of the exhaust treatment fluid. The increasing first temperature is then monitored relative to the predetermined temperature. Then, a second temperature when a phase change of the exhaust treatment fluid occurs is detected. The detected second temperature is then compared to the predetermined temperature to determine whether the exhaust treatment fluid is of sufficient quality, or to determine whether the temperature sensor is rational.

Abstract: A method, comprising purging a storage catalytic converter of stored NOx by diverting only a portion of incoming exhaust flow around the catalytic device while increasing injection of reductant to the storage catalytic converter; and responsive to the diverting, adjusting injection of an ammonia-containing fluid into recombined exhaust flow upstream of an SCR catalytic converter. Bypass of the storage catalytic converter reduces available oxygen and air flow through the storage catalytic converter, providing a more advantageous environment for reduction of NOx in the storage catalytic converter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for treating a gas containing nitrogen oxides (NOx), in which an NOx-reduction reaction is carried out using a nitrogen-containing reducing agent, which invention is characterized in that the catalyst used for the reduction reaction is a catalytic system containing a composition comprising zirconium, cerium and niobium in the following percentages by weight, expressed in terms of the weight of oxide: 10-50% of cerium, 5-20% of niobium and the remainder consisting of zirconium.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, inside of an engine exhaust passage, a hydrocarbon feed valve (15) and an exhaust purification catalyst (13) are arranged. The concentration of hydrocarbons which flow into the exhaust purification catalyst (13) is made to vibrate within 200 ppm or more predetermined amplitude and within a 5 second or more predetermined period. At this time, when a predetermined amount or more of NOx is stored in the exhaust purification catalyst (13) or can be stored, the concentration of hydrocarbons flowing into the exhaust purification catalyst (13) is temporarily increased to desorb NOx which is stored at the exhaust purification catalyst (13).

Abstract: An exhaust treatment unit includes an exhaust treatment device that treats exhaust gas from an engine of a work vehicle, a bracket including an attachment portion attachable to a hoisting hook, and a detachable component. The bracket supports the exhaust treatment device. The detachable component is attachable to and detachable from the attachment portion. When the unit is attached, the hoisting hook is attached to the attachment portion, the unit is hoisted using a hoisting tool including the hoisting hook, moved to an attachment position and installed in the work vehicle. The hoisting hook is then detached from the attachment portion and the detachable component is attached to the unit using the attachment portion. When the unit is detached, the detachable component is detached from the attachment portion, the hoisting hook is attached to the attachment portion, and the unit is hoisted and detached using the hoisting tool.

Abstract: An exhaust treatment system including an exhaust passage in communication with an engine that produces an exhaust. An exhaust canister is coupled to the exhaust passage, and the exhaust canister supports a plurality of exhaust treatment components therein for treating the exhaust, wherein exhaust canister is removable from the exhaust passage, and the exhaust treatment components are removable from the exhaust canister.

Abstract: Described is a selective catalytic reduction catalyst comprising an iron-promoted 8-ring small pore molecular sieve. Systems and methods for using these iron-promoted 8-ring small molecular sieves as catalysts in a variety of processes such as abating pollutants in exhaust gases and conversion processes are also described.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, inside of an engine exhaust passage, a hydrocarbon feed valve (16), an exhaust purification catalyst (13), a particulate filter (14), and an NO2 reduction catalyst (15) are arranged. At the time of engine operation, the amplitude of change of the concentration of hydrocarbons which flow into the exhaust purification catalyst (13) is made to become within a predetermined range of amplitude by control of the injection amount of hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon feed valve (16). When the NO2 which is produced at the particulate filter (14) should be reduced to NO, the injection amount of hydrocarbons is increased whereby the pass through amount of hydrocarbons which pass straight through the exhaust purification catalyst (13) is increased.

Abstract: Various systems and method for detecting exhaust NOx sensor degradation are disclosed. In one example, degradation of the NOx sensor is indicated responsive to reductant injection in an exhaust passage under engine off conditions. For example, degradation of the NOx sensor is indicated when an actual NOx sensor output differs from an expected NOx sensor output by more than a threshold amount.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling a urea injection amount of a vehicle that controls urea injection in consideration of a difference between an internal temperature change rate and a regeneration temperature of an SCR integral diesel particulate filter.

Abstract: A reductant delivery unit (10) includes a fluid injector (12) and a flange (20) coupled with the fluid injector. An exhaust boss (28) has a surface (39) defining a through-hole (40) that communicates with a vehicle's exhaust flow path. The flange is coupled to a mounting surface such that the outlet of the fluid injector communicates with the exhaust flow path so as to control injection of urea solution into the exhaust gas flow path. A gasket (32) is sandwiched between the flange and the mounting surface. The gasket has a surface (37) defining a through-hole (38) therein that communicates with the through-hole in the exhaust boss to permit the urea solution to pass from the fluid outlet to the exhaust flow path. Gasket shielding structure (44) covers the surface defining the through-hole in the gasket to prevent the urea solution from contacting the gasket.

Abstract: A system for storing ammonia in and releasing ammonia from a storage material capable of binding and releasing ammonia reversibly by adsorption or absorption for a process with a gradual ammonia demand that can vary over the time. The system has a container capable of housing the ammonia-containing storage material; a heating source arranged to supply heat for the desorption of ammonia from the solid storage medium; and a controller arranged to control the heating source to release ammonia. The heating source may be arranged inside the container and surrounded by ammonia storage material. A controllable dosing valve is arranged to dose released ammonia according to the ammonia demand. The controller comprises a feed-forward control arranged to control the heat supplied by the heating source, based on the ammonia demand.

Abstract: In cases where at the upstream side of an NOx selective reduction catalyst there is provided another catalyst, sulfur poisoning of both the catalysts is recovered in an appropriate manner. To this end, provision is made for an NH3 generation catalyst arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine for generating NH3, the NOx selective reduction catalyst arranged in the exhaust passage at a location downstream of the NH3 generation catalyst for reducing NOx in a selective manner, an upstream side recovery unit to recover sulfur poisoning of the NH3 generation catalyst, and a downstream side recovery unit to recover sulfur poisoning of the NOx selective reduction catalyst after the sulfur poisoning of the NH3 generation catalyst has been recovered by the upstream side recovery unit.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include a method for performing diagnostics of a selective catalytic reduction (“SCR”) device in an exhaust gas treatment system of an internal combustion engine. The method includes monitoring an amount of sulfur in the SCR device of the exhaust treatment system and monitoring, by an SCR diagnostics module, an efficiency of the SCR device and indicating when the efficiency of the SCR device falls below an efficiency diagnostics threshold. Based on determining that the amount of sulfur in the SCR device is above a first threshold, the method includes disabling an operation of the SCR diagnostics module.

Abstract: System and apparatus are disclosed for reducing reductant deposit formation in an exhaust aftertreatment system. A directing device is provided in the exhaust flow path upstream of a reductant opening into the exhaust flow path. The directing device is configured to direct an exhaust flow toward the reductant opening and around the directing device to effectively mix the exhaust flow with a reductant provided through the reductant opening to reduce the formation of reductant deposits.

Abstract: One form of the present application is an apparatus including an internal combustion engine structured to produce an exhaust flow, an exhaust system structured to receive the exhaust flow, and a reductant injector structured to inject reductant into a primary passage of the exhaust system upstream of a catalyst. The apparatus further includes an injector passage structured to receive a portion of exhaust upstream of the injector and further structured to flow the exhaust into the primary passage around the injector in a manner such that deposit formation is reduced.

Abstract: A control device for an internal combustion engine is provided with: a variable valve driving mechanism capable of changing a working angle of an intake valve while keeping a maximum magnitude of lift and opening timing constant; a reduction catalyst which absorbs nitrogen oxide in exhaust during lean combustion and reduces the nitrogen oxide absorbed during rich combustion; and a control unit changing, according to a load on the internal combustion engine, an amount of advance of closing of the intake valve at the time of switching to rich combustion.

Abstract: A wheel loader includes an engine, a selective catalyst reduction device, and an injection device accommodated in an engine room defined by a vehicle body cover. The wheel loader further includes a partition plate, a reducing agent tank, a reducing agent pump, and a reducing agent pipe. The selective catalyst reduction device is for treating exhaust gas from the engine. The injection device is for injecting reducing agent into the exhaust gas fed from the engine toward the selective catalyst reduction device. The partition plate is disposed between the selective catalyst reduction device and the vehicle body cover. The reducing agent tank stores reducing agent. The reducing agent pump supplies the reducing agent from the reducing agent tank to the injection device. The reducing agent pipe connects the reducing agent pump and the injection device, and extends between the vehicle body cover and the partition plate inside the engine room.

Abstract: A method to produce a NOx trap composition, and its use in a NOx trap and in an exhaust system for internal combustion engines, is disclosed. The NOx trap composition is produced by heating an iron-containing zeolite in the presence of an inert gas and an organic compound to produce a reductively calcined iron/zeolite. A palladium compound is then added to the reductively calcined iron/zeolite, and the resulting Pd—Fe/zeolite is then calcined at 400 to 600° C. in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas to produce the NOx trap composition. The NOx trap composition shows low temperature NO capacity below 200° C., as well as an additional NO storage temperature window in the 200 to 250° C. range.

Abstract: An exhaust gas control apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes: a NOx purification catalyst arranged in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine; a degradation degree estimating unit estimating a degradation degree of the NOx purification catalyst; and an air-fuel ratio control unit adjusting an air-fuel ratio of exhaust gas flowing into the NOx purification catalyst, wherein, until the estimated degradation degree of the NOx purification catalyst reaches a predetermined degradation degree, the air-fuel ratio control unit adjusts the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas to a rich air-fuel ratio, and, when the estimated degradation degree of the NOx purification catalyst exceeds the predetermined degradation degree, the air-fuel ratio control unit changes the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas from the rich air-fuel ratio to a lean air-fuel ratio so that the NOx purification catalyst is regenerated.

Abstract: A method for metering fuel from a high pressure system, comprising at least one high pressure pump, one pressure accumulator and one high pressure injection valve, into an exhaust gas duct of an internal combustion engine in order to regenerate a nitrogen oxide storage catalyst (NSC) disposed in the exhaust gas duct, wherein a higher pressure of the fuel is generated by the electrically actuated high pressure pump, which discretely delivers fuel and has a constant stroke volume, wherein the fuel is supplied to the pressure accumulator comprising a pressure measuring device for determining the fuel pressure and wherein the fuel is injected into the exhaust gas duct via the downstream, electrically actuated high pressure injection valve.

Abstract: A dosing control system for an exhaust system includes: a reductant fluid tank operable to contain a reductant solution comprising urea; an injector disposed in operable communication between a reductant tank and an SCR apparatus, the injector being operable to inject the reductant solution from the reductant tank into a flow of exhaust upstream of the SCR apparatus; a urea quality sensor (UQS) configured and disposed to sense a concentration of the urea in the reductant solution; and, a control module disposed in signal communication with the UQS and in operable communication with the injector, the control module being operable to adjust a dosing of the reductant solution injected by the injector based on a concentration of the urea in the reductant solution.

Abstract: A vehicle and method of updating aging of a selective catalytic reduction filter (SCRF) of an exhaust treatment system of the vehicle are disclosed. The method includes determining a desorption rate estimate of a catalyst of the SCRF and determining an ash volume estimate representative of an amount of ash collected inside the SCRF. The method also includes determining an ash correction factor from the ash volume estimate and calculating, via a controller, a corrected desorption rate value by multiplying the ash correction factor with the desorption rate estimate to update the aging of the SCRF.

Abstract: A reductant delivery unit for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) after-treatment for vehicles includes a solenoid operated fluid injector associated with an exhaust gas flow path upstream of a SCR catalytic converter. The fluid injector has a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. The fluid inlet receiving a source of reducing agent and the fluid outlet communicating with the exhaust gas flow path so that the fluid injector controls injection of urea solution into the exhaust gas flow path. The fluid injector has an inlet tube for directing the reducing agent between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet. A shield is fixed with respect to the fluid injector and surrounds at least portions of the fluid injector. A coil heater is integral with the fluid injector and is constructed and arranged, when energized, to inductively heat the inlet tube to thereby heat the reducing agent within the inlet tube.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for purification of exhaust gas from a diesel engine in a system, which comprises a device for selective catalytic reduction and a diesel particulate filter preferably at least partially covered by a catalytic layer installed downstream of the device for selective catalytic reduction. A device for catalytic oxidation is installed upstream of the device for selective catalytic reduction and/or between the device for selective catalytic reduction and the diesel particulate filter. A device for injection of a controlled amount of reductant is installed inlet of the device for selective catalytic reduction, and a device for injection of a controlled amount of hydrocarbon is installed inlet of the catalytic oxidation.

Abstract: A method and system to reduce NOx emissions from an engine connected to a fuel tank and an exhaust line, the apparatus including, a reformer to reform the fuel into hydrogen (H2); a fuel cell stack to convert the hydrogen into electricity; a reduction unit disposed on the exhaust line to convert the NOx into N2; a first bypass line to provide a fluid communication between the first fuel tank and the fuel reformer; a second bypass line to provide a fluid communication between the fuel reformer and the fuel cell stack; a first reformate line to provide a fluid communication between the second bypass line and the exhaust line. The hydrogen is mixed with the NOx in the exhaust line, and then the reduction unit uses the hydrogen to convert the NOx into nitrogen (N2).

Abstract: A mixing element positioned at an exhaust outlet of a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) module is provided. The mixing element includes a base plate having an upper surface and a lower surface. The base plate is configured to deflect a portion of a flow of a fluid around the upper surface thereof. The mixing element also includes a plurality of vanes attached to the lower surface of the base plate in a spaced apart arrangement. The plurality of vanes is configured to induce a swirling effect in a flow of the fluid received therebetween.

Abstract: A treatment device configured to receive a flow of exhaust from a power source is disclosed. The treatment device may have a first layer, a second layer, and a substrate layer. The first layer may include a selective catalytic reduction layer, and the second layer may be disposed downstream of the first layer and include an oxidation catalyst support. The substrate layer may be disposed adjacent to the second layer. Additionally, an additive may be disposed downstream of the first layer. The additive may be operative to substantially prohibit migration of a component of the second layer to the first layer upon treatment of the flow of exhaust by the oxidation catalyst support.

Abstract: A mixing device includes: an elbow pipe attached to an outlet pipe of a filter device, the elbow pipe changing a flow direction of an exhaust gas flowing from the filter device; a straight pipe connected to a downstream side of the elbow pipe, the straight pipe extending in a direction intersecting an axial line of the outlet pipe; an injector attached to the elbow pipe and injecting a reductant aqueous solution inside the elbow pipe toward the straight pipe; and a mixing pipe disposed in the elbow pipe to serve as a cover for the reductant aqueous solution, the mixing pipe being provided with openings on a circumferential wall thereof. A plurality of large openings are provided on a circumferential wall of the mixing pipe near the injector and a plurality of small openings are provided on a circumferential wall of the mixing pipe near the straight pipe.

Abstract: An exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine, in particular for a vehicle, includes an exhaust gas conveying duct, at least one insert disposed in the exhaust gas conveying duct for purifying the exhaust gas, an injection system disposed upstream of the insert in the flow path and a turbulizer disposed between the injection system and the insert. A flow rectifier is provided in the exhaust gas conveying duct between the turbulizer and the insert.

Abstract: A process which solves the problem of supplying NO2 in accordance with requirements by means of temperature control of the precatalyst which is decoupled from the operating state of the engine. In an associated apparatus, a precatalyst which contains at least one oxidation component and whose temperature can be controlled independently of the operating state of the engine and an active SCR stage comprising an SCR catalyst with upstream metering facility for a reducing agent from an external source are arranged in series. A particle filter can be arranged between precatalyst and metering facility. The precatalyst preferably additionally contains a nitrogen oxide storage material.

Abstract: A device for providing a reducing agent for an exhaust gas system includes a system heating unit for heating a reducing agent and at least one heat conduction element transmitting heat from the system heating unit to at least one of the following components: a tank, a delivery line, a filter, a pump, a valve or a sensor. A thermal heating method using a heat pipe and a motor vehicle having the device are also provided.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining the amount of ammonia which is stored in a storage container by a chemical bond to a solid storage medium, in particular a salt of an earth alkaline metal or the like, and which can be released by supplying heat in order to be supplied to a catalytic exhaust gas purification device of an internal-combustion engine. The storage medium functions as a dielectric of an electric capacitor and the stored amount of ammonia is inferred from the capacity of this capacitor. One wall of the housing of the storage container functions as a first electrode of the capacitor, and, within the storage container, at least one additional electrode is arranged such that at least a partial amount of the storage medium forms the dielectric. The storage container may have an essentially cylindrical shape. Several cylindrical electrodes can be arranged in a coaxial manner.