Abstract: In the production of mechanical pulp, a refiner (defibrator) is driven by a steam turnine. The steam supply for the turbine comprises process steam generated in the refiner during the refining action, which steam is preferably passed through a reboiler. Some make-up energy is necessary to provide all of the power for driving the refiner, the make-up energy being preferably provided by clean steam from an accessory source introduced to the turbine by a steam ejector. A portion of the process steam, and the steam discharge from the turbine, can be used for presteaming the chips (comminuted cellulosic fibrous material) before introduction into the refiner. Any condensate from the turbine may be fed to the reboiler. Reduction gears are provided between the turbine and the refiner drive shaft so that the refiner is driven at optimum rpm for the particular material being treated.

Abstract: A process is described for the recovery of net power during the depressurization of natural gas from high pressure pipeline conditions to low pressure end user conditions wherein the natural gas is rewarmed to a relatively warm temperature greater than 35.degree. F. using renewable energy and ambient atmosphere.

Abstract: Power generating station with a high-temperature reactor, a steam power generating station connected to the high-temperature reactor, a plant for generating hydrogen from carbon-containing material, with a coal gasifier for the hydrogenating coal gasification, a gas purification plant connected to the gas stream of the coal gasifier, a low-temperature gas separation plant following the gas purification and a tube cracking furnace which is connected to the methane line of this gas decomposition plant heated by the heat transporting medium of the high-temperature reactor for cracking a methane/steam mixture, and with a gas processing plant which is connected to the exhaust gas line of the tube cracking furnace and consists of at least one heat exchanger, a converting plant and a carbon dioxide scrubber.

Abstract: In the production of mechanical pulp a refiner (defibrator) is driven by a steam turbine. The steam supply for the turbine comprises process steam generated in the refiner during the refiner action, which steam is passed through a reboiler and then superheated, in a superheater or economizer, before being supplied to the turbine. A boiler comprises a secondary source of steam and that steam too is introduced to the steam turbine, either directly or after passage through another turbine which powers an electric generator. The off-gases from the boiler may drive a gas turbine. All the components may be mounted on a train, and the gas turbine may power the locomotive for the train. The gas turbine can also power an air compressor providing compressed combustion air to the boiler.

Abstract: A portion of the thermal energy in the hot water in a domestic hot water heater is transferred by a heat exchanger to a fluid, such as FREON 11, in a closed pipe circuit. The temperature-pressure characteristics of the fluid are selected so that as the fluid is heated, it evaporates. In its heated, pressurized, gaseous state the fluid drives a turbine. Upon exhausting from the turbine, the fluid is condensed in a heat exchanger cooled by the cold water supply to the heater. The residual heat in the exhaust gas from the turbine serves to raise the temperature of the cold water entering the heater.

Abstract: IP or HP casing for a turbine designed for cogeneration of electric power and heat for district heating purposes, comprising blades carried by a rotor (31) rotating in a stator (32), an inlet steam admission (8'), two exhausts (12' and 17') at different pressures p.sub.1 and p.sub.2 (p.sub.2 >p.sub.1) feeding a LP section (4) of the turbine, and two further exhausts (15', 20') at pressures p.sub.1 and p.sub.2 feeding two district heating heat exchangers (22, 23) arranged in series, each of said exchangers providing substantially half of the heating output. Turbine efficiency is improved by providing a single flow (27) from the steam inlet (8'), which is then split into two partial flows (28) with substantially equal steam flow rates as of a flow-splitting point located far enough from the two exhausts at pressure p.sub.2 (17', 20') so that changes in flow rates have little or no effect on the steam pressure at said flow-splitting point.

Abstract: A thermodynamic method and engine is provided for extracting natural thermal energy from ambient atmospheric air and converting it into mechanical work. The extraction process is accomplished by isentropically expanding ordinary air at atmospheric pressure into a thermally insulated vacuum chamber maintained at low pressure. By employing sufficiently high expansion ratios, a large portion of the air can be made to undergo a spontaneous phase transformation into the solid state at cryogenic temperature. This results in a substantial reduction of the specific volume of the condensed air which enables the vacuum environment of the chamber to be maintained by expending less mechanical work than that gained from the initial expansion. Thus, the net amount of mechanical work generated therefrom is positive. Substantial additional mechanical work is generated by harnessing the thermal potential difference between the low temperature condensed air and the ambient environment via additional cryogenic engine stages.

Abstract: A steam supply system is provided for use in conjunction with both a superposed turbine driven by a steam boiler and a process chamber. The steam boiler operates at a pressure above that needed for consumption in the process chamber and uses highly purified water. The process chamber can use steam which has been generated from relatively low purity water and may be any steam consuming process, such as in one embodiment coal gasification, not requiring that the water be returned for re-use as steam. Energy remaining in the high purity steam after it leaves the superposed turbine is used in a condensing reboiler to heat the water into steam for the process chamber. The two fluids are kept essentially isolated from contact with each other in the condensing reboiler, and the high purity water is pumped back to the high pressure boiler in a closed loop system.

Abstract: A system is disclosed which uses hydraulic oil to directly heat and/or vaporize a fluid, for example a cryogenic fluid. The hydraulic oil flow drives a pump which pumps the fluid through a heat exchanger where it is heated by the same hydraulic oil; therefore, the respective flow rates of the oil and fluid are directly proportional to one another and can be regulated so as to avoid freezing of the oil. The hydraulic oil pump is driven by the shaft power of the heat engine, which in turn gives off hot water and gaseous exhaust that may be utilized to further heat the fluid. The shaft power of the heat engine also drives a pump for pumping oil flowing in an auxiliary hydraulic oil circuit, which pump loads the engine so as to increase the temperature of the water coolant and exhaust.

Abstract: Methods for the physical and operational integration of a carbonaceous gasification plan, a gaseous fuel synthesis plant and a power generation station to economincally produce synfuel and electrical power comprising producing gases comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen from carbonaceous raw materials in a gasification unit wherein the gasification unit utilizes exhaust steam from a power generating unit to provide various energy needs for producing synthesis gas, utilizing the hydrogen derived from the gasification unit in the liquefying and hydrogenation of coal or hydrogenation of natural gas in a fuel synthesis unit wherein the heat generated from the exothermic reactions in the fuel synthesis unit is employed to generate high pressure steam which is fed to a power generation unit to drive electrical power producing turbines wherein the exhaust steam from the turbine is used in the gasification unit as a heat source during gasification and collecting of steam condensate from the exhaust steam and recycl

Abstract: The starting gas is partly condensed in an exchanger 1. The refrigerating power is supplied, on one hand, by the free expansion of the liquid fraction and, on the other hand, by expansion in a gas-bearing turbine of the vapor fraction rich in hydrogen. A small part of this vapor fraction is used to feed auxiliary gases to the turbine, then is cooled in the exchanger 1, expanded and injected into the expanded liquid fraction so as to obtain a sufficiently low bubble point. The invention is useful in recovering hydrogen from purge gases of apparatus for ammonia synthesis, the purge gases being composed of hydrogen and less volatile components.

Abstract: A thermodynamic method and system is described and claimed for treating wellhead gas to recover valuable liquefiable hydrocarbon components from such gas and for utilizing the resulting dry gas as a fuel for an internal combustion engine driving a generator for the co-generation of electric power. In accordance with the invention, raw wellhead gas as a by-product of gas and oil field operations is compressed and cooled to condense the ethane and higher molecular weight hydrocarbon components of the gas and the condensed components are removed as liquefied hydrocarbon product. The remaining non-condensible methane and lower molecular weight components of the gas are used as fuel in an internal combustion engine driving a generator.

Abstract: A cogeneration and sludge drying system is provided using air first to generate power in a gas turbine, second in drying the sludge, and third in a boiler to make steam. Heat is recovered from the water vapor evaporated from the sludge and from hot air. The system utilizes conventional equipment and may be retrofitted to existing sludge drying processes at minimal expense and complexity.

Abstract: A thermodynamic method and system is described and claimed for up-grading the quality of digester methane gas by removing substantially all of the non-combustible carbon dioxide gas from the digester gas in a scrubbing system operated by the waste heat of an internal combustion engine utilizing the up-graded methane gas as its fuel source and driving a generator to produce electric power. In accordance with the invention, raw digester gas is compressed and blended with relatively cold water (absorbent). The compressed gas-water mixture is scrubbed in a contact tower with the result that an absorbent-condensed gas stream (primarily water and condensed carbon dioxide) is formed. The absorbent-condensed gas stream is removed from the tower, heated and expanded to release the carbon dioxide component of the stream as product CO.sub.2 gas.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling flow of a fluid having two speed-controlled positive displacement devices for supplying a load with fluid under pressure from a supply at a different pressure with interposed variable-volume buffer containers.

Abstract: A system for concentration of waste cooling tower blowdown in a steam turbine power plant. The cooling tower blowdown feed is withdrawn from a main power plant condenser and is recirculated through an auxiliary cooling tower and an auxiliary condenser. The auxiliary condenser utilizes waste heat steam drawn from the main condenser as an energy source. Evaporation continuously takes place in the auxiliary cooling tower concentrating the cooling tower blowdown so that it may be withdrawn and sent to a concentrating pond or other slurry handling station for final disposal.

Abstract: A working fluid in the gaseous state at some initial temperature and pressure is expanded polytropically to a resulting exhaust fluid having some lower temperature and pressure in order to produce useful work. Large quantities of a motive liquid are then employed as the vehicle for approximating an isenthalpic compression of the working fluid. The preferred method for effecting this recompression is to reduce both fluids to a single liquid phase which is then energized. Thereafter the two fluids can be reconstituted to their initial states to complete the thermodynamic cycle which, depending upon the fluids selected, can be located in a broad range of the temperature spectrum.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method of operating an industrial furnace which is heated by recuperator burners from which the exhaust gases are extracted via steam jet injectors. The exhaust gas-steam mixture from the steam jet injectors passes into a waste heat boiler in order to produce water vapor. This water vapor is delivered to the steam jet injectors in order to drive them. When water vapor is produced in excess, preliminary expansion can be carried out in a turbine in order to generate useful energy. Such conditions are produced in particular when the industrial furnace operates with a steam generating water cooling system for parts of the furnace which become hot. The resulting water vapor is then also led through the waste heat boiler. The useful energy occurring in the turbine can serve to drive the blower for the combustion air for the recuperator burners.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for burning fine grained material, particularly for the manufacture of cement clinker whereby the product quality is enhanced. At least a portion of the exhaust gases from the kiln at a temperature of about 1000.degree. to 1300.degree. C. are cooled by passing them through a steam generator to a temperature of about 200.degree. to 300.degree. C. At least a portion of the noxious substances such as alkali chlorides and sulfur are condensed out of the gas stream as well as possibly some mineral particles such as partially deacidified kiln dust. The materials condensed out of the gas are separated in the steam generator by means of periodic or continuous cleaning of the heating surfaces of the steam generator. The steam which is generated in the generator is conducted to at least one prime mover such as a steam turbine or a steam motor for the purpose of producing electrical or mechanical energy.

Abstract: A method of employing the thermal energy from essentially limitless sources, such as the ocean or the atmosphere, to produce mechanical work or electricity by power plants wherein; the fluid from the limitless heat source is used to heat the working fluid of a prime mover through a heat exchanger; the effluent cooled fluid from the said heat exchanger may be employed directly or indirectly to extract the exhaust heat of the prime mover; and the said effluent cooled fluid from the said heat exchanger may also be used simultaneously or successively for the conversion of saline water into fresh water, or dirty water into usable water.

Abstract: A method to draw the thermal energy from essentially limitless heat sources, such as the ocean or the atmosphere and limited heat sources such as the combustion of fossil fuels, is provided for the production of mechanical work. The fluid from the heat sources gives heat to the working medium of the prime mover of the power plant through a first heat exchanger. The effluent cooled fluid from the first heat exchanger is used for removing the exhaust heat from the prime mover through a second heat exchanger either directly or indirectly through a heat pump and can also be used for the conversion of saline water into fresh water.

Abstract: An intermediate circuit is connected between the compression space acting as a first heat exchanger of the cylinder of a heat pump or a working machine and the water for industrial use or the burning space of an oil burner, the intermediate circulator comprising a second heat exchanger protruding within the water for industrial use.Through the utilization of an intermediate circulator with a gaseous or liquid auxiliary medium is possible to adapt the transfer of heat between the cylinder of the machine and the heat medium to the respective conditions which permits to increase the total efficiency.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating hot exhaust gas to purify the gas and/or to recover the heat values therein includes removing particulate matter from the gas, cooling the gas by transferring its heat to regenerators and purifying the cooled gas by subliming or "freezing out" harmful, less volatile components. The heat energy of the exhaust gas may be recovered by passing a heat exchange medium, such as compressed air and/or purified cooled gas, through the heated regenerators. A major advantage of this method and apparatus is that exhaust gases at 300.degree.-350.degree. C. may be purified and the heat energy recovered using thermodynamically efficient regenerators. As a result the air preheater stage of conventional boilers or combustion units, which comprise 60% to 70% of the heat exchange surface area, may be eliminated.

Abstract: A solar powered fluid heating system includes a thermal collector for vaporizing a refrigerant, a separator for removing any liquid component from the vapor component of the heated refrigerant, and a condenser for transferring heat from the refrigerant vapor to a fluid thereby returning the refrigerant to the liquid phase. Liquid refrigerant is returned from the condenser to the separator, and from the separator to the thermal collector. A pump or a compressor is used to force refrigerant through the refrigerant circuit. The pump or the compressor is actuated by solar energy which is received either from an array of photovoltaic cells or from a generator driven by a turbine which is in turn driven by refrigerant vapor flowing from the separator to the condenser. Secondary refrigerant circuits may be utilized to preheat the refrigerant in the thermal collector, or to exhaust excess heat therefrom, or both.

Abstract: Energy is extracted from hot dust-laden gases by a process in which the hot gases, before being cooled or purified, are used to generate steam in a boiler. The solid particles are then removed from the gases which are then supplied to a turbine.

Abstract: Methods by which remote heating circuits are supplied with heat from a thermal power plant by using heat reservoirs located close to the power plant and heating the storage or working medium in a heat exchanger of a heat extraction cycle. The medium is initially heated to a base temperature, for example, when using water, to approximately 95.degree. C., and is further heated immediately prior to being directed into a remote heating circuit to a temperature above 100.degree. C. This two stage heating allows the use of unpressurized heat reservoirs. Additionally, the temperature of the medium is efficiently raised to a level sufficiently to operate the remote heating circuit. Preferably, the medium can further be removed from the reservoirs and heated in a second pass through the heat extraction heat exchanger.

Abstract: Power is recovered from the vaporization of natural gas by warming the natural gas against a multicomponent stream which is cooled and liquefied. The liquefied multicomponent stream is pumped to an elevated pressure and is warmed against one or more streams of propane which are cooled and liquefied. The warmed multicomponent stream is heated, expanded through a generator loaded expander and recycled. The liquefied propane is pumped to an elevated pressure in single or multi-staged streams, vaporized, expanded through a second generator loaded expander and recycled.

Abstract: A process for the energy efficient conduct of a multi-stage water gas shift reaction includes furnishing a carbon monoxide-containing feed gas stream at an inlet temperature of at least 600.degree. F. and water to a high-temperature shift reactor stage to produce a carbon dioxide and hydrogen enriched exhaust gas stream and introducing the exhaust gas stream to a low-temperature shift reactor stage at an inlet temperature of about 300.degree.-500.degree. F. to produce a product gas stream further enriched in carbon dioxide and hydrogen. A heat exchange fluid is passed in heat exchange relationship with at least the feed and exhaust gas streams to recover thermal energy therefrom by concurrently cooling the gas streams and heating the heat exchange fluid.

Abstract: In a method for the generation of heat using a heat pump in which a heat carrier fluid is heated by a heat exchanger and compressed with temperature increase in a subsequent compressor, heat is delivered therefrom to a heat-admitting process; the fluid is then expanded in a gas turbine, producing work, and afterwards its residual heat is delivered to a thermal power process, the maximum temperature of the energy sources of which, that provide work for the compressor, lies below the temperature of heat delivery. The main heat source can consist of an exothermic chemical or nuclear reaction and the heat-admitting process can be a coal gasification process. The work in the compressor is furnished essentially by the gas turbine and the thermal power process.

Abstract: An evaporator for producing wet steam in a cogeneration plant wherein the evaporator is a multiple pass unit having continuous in-tube flow paths from inlet to outlet. The evaporator is a shell and tube type with the clean steam on the shell side and water in the tubes. The evaporator is particularly useful in a cogeneration plant used in a secondary recovery process using contaminated wet steam.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for recovering exhaust gas from a boiler 2 of a thermal electric power generating device 1 are disclosed. The exhaust gas from the boiler 2 is fed through a conduit 30 to a preheat section 21 of a powder raw material treating device 20. The heat of the exhaust gas is recovered as a heat source for preheating the powder raw material. The ash contained in the exhaust gas is recovered as part of the powder raw material at the preheat section. The sulfur oxides in the exhaust gas react with the desulfurizing component of the powder raw material at the preheat section, and its reaction product is recovered as part of the powder raw material.

Abstract: A process is disclosed in which the overhead vapor stream of a fractionation column is utilized as the working fluid which is depressurized to drive a turbine. The turbine may be used to generate electricity which is then used within the fractionation process or in another process, with a preferred use of the electricity being to supply heat to the bottom of the fractionation zone. The turbine is integrated into the overhead system of the column and the turbine effluent enters the overhead condenser to form liquid which may be used as reflux to the column.

Abstract: The present invention relates to gas turbine systems for generating high-temperature process heat. To simplify the primary circuit and to eliminate the necessity of using the same circulation means for the primary and drive circuits in gas turbine systems, a system of this type is designed so that the medium heated in the secondary part of a heat exchanger is divided into a portion of drive gas for operating the drive circuit and a portion of process gas for the actual generation of process heat in the secondary circuit. After the process heat has been given off in a process-heat consumer part, the process gas is then expanded in an expansion turbine and thereafter recycled to the drive circuit. Thereupon, the combined drive gas and process gas, which is compressed in at least one compressor located in the drive circuit, is preheated in a recuperator.

Abstract: Polyethylene is produced in at least one reactor under a pressure of 800 to 2500 bars and a temperature of 150.degree. to 350.degree. C., and the reaction mixture exiting the reactor through an expansion valve and supplied to a separator under a pressure of 50 to 400 bars is cooled by passing a flow Q of the mixture through a turbine. The turbine comprises at least one stage with a fixed nozzle and a bladed wheel having a rotation speed of between 12,000 and 40,000 r.p.m. Ethylene discharged from the separator is recycled to the inlet of a compressor, and the discharge from the compressor is supplied to the reactor.

Abstract: An open Rankine cycle heat pump that utilizes a multistage compressor having interstage desuperheating wherein process fluid in the form of water drawn from a waste heat producing process is used as the working fluid in the heat pump thereby eliminating the need for heat exchangers at the conventional evaporator and condensor locations. Heated return water drawn from the process is flashed to a vapor and the vapors passed through the compressor to provide thermal energy that is used in compatible process related equipment.

Abstract: Installation for generating superheated steam from raw water containing salt using preheaters for heating the raw water. The last preheater, as seen in the flow direction of the raw water, is followed via a control valve by a decompression cylinder. Part of the raw water evaporates and the vapor is withdrawn from the dome of the decomposition cylinder by a compressor which compresses and heats it and discharges it as superheated steam.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for recovering effective energy as power between liquefied natural gas and a high temperature source by cascading two kinds of Rankine cycles when the liquefied natural gas is re-gasified.

Abstract: In a process for the utilization of the heat content of combustible components in sludges, in particular in clarification sludges, the sludge, which still contains a proportion of water, is burnt in a pressure-tight furnace. The resulting steam and exhaust gases are conducted through heat exchangers and a thin layer evaporator, and the exhaust heat and heat of condensation effect, in one or more stages, a heating and thickening of the sludge to be burnt. Pressure-drop machines can be driven by the excess pressure of the exhaust gases, steam circuits and liquid circuits.

Abstract: The inventive combination provides for a profitable and efficient utilization of low-pressure waste heat in conjunction with medium-pressure steam. The combination of mechanical and thermodynamic compression for the generation of superheated low-pressure steam is a method that has better results regarding energy and cost than any other known configuration.

Abstract: Power is recovered from the vaporization of liquefied natural gas by warming and vaporizing the liquefied natural gas against a first multicomponent stream which is cooled and liquefied. The liquefied multicomponent stream is pumped to an elevated pressure and is warmed and vaporized against a second multicomponent stream which is cooled and liquefied. The warmed first multicomponent stream is heated, expanded through a generator loaded expander and recycled. The liquefied second multicomponent stream is pumped to an elevated pressure, heated, vaporized and expanded through a second generator loaded expander and recycled.

Abstract: A hot-gas piston engine (4) has, as a compression chamber, a heat exchanger (6) which comprises a number of small pipes (7) or differently designed capillaries which protrude into the burner chamber (5) of a burner (1). In the compression phase, air in the small pipes (7), which serve as the compression chamber, is compressed and additionally heated by the burner flame, whereby the pressure increases, and the piston is driven to execute a downward movement. The scavenging then occurs in the bottom dead center region. The hot outgoing air from the engine enters burner supply line (10) and then the burner, whereby the efficiency of the plant is increased even further. The mechanical energy received at the driven shaft (11) may be used to produce electrical energy or to operate a heat pump. The upper ends of the small pipes protrude into the hot water whereby they are protected from overheating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a power generation system, using refrigerant as an agent to circulate between a warm heat source and a cold heat sink, thereby producing electric power and alleviating the thermal pollution in the environment, gasifying liquid natural gas, and heating the produced natural gas toward ambient temperature.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for generating steam or electrical power from surplus heat transferred to the total bottoms liquid of a fractionation column. Preferably the reboiler of the column is supplied with more fuel than required in the operation of the column. A portion of the total bottoms liquid stream in excess of the net bottoms stream is diverted from the bottoms liquid destined for the reboiler. This diverted stream is used to vaporize a working fluid and this vapor is removed as a product or passed into the turbine of an electrical generator. The excess bottoms liquid is then split off and passed into the reboiler. The remainder of the bottoms liquid is the net bottoms stream and is used to preheat the working fluid. The process has the advantage of an exceptionally high thermal efficiency in terms of converting the surplus heat released in the reboiler into electricity.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for driving a turbine, which preferably is connected to an electrical generator, using energy supplied by the reboiler system of a fractionation column. The portion of the bottoms liquid of the column which is to be recycled through the reboiler is pressurized by a pump, and the high pressure liquid is heated and vaporized or brought to a supercritical state in the reboiler. The resultant high temperature stream is then depressurized through the turbine down to the desired pressure and temperature of the vapor stream used to reboil the column. The process is an extremely efficient method of generating electrical energy in a petroleum refinery or petrochemical installation.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for recovering useful energy from the overhead stream of a fractionation column. A high efficiency for the overall process is achieved by first removing heat from the overhead stream by vaporizing an expansion turbine working fluid stream and by then removing an additional amount of heat in a working fluid preheater. The amount of working fluid flowing through the preheater is more than is vaporized by exchange against the overhead stream. The remaining liquid-phase portion of the working fluid is separately passed into a second vaporizer having a different heat source.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electricity generation system, using freon as an agent to circulate between a warm heat source and a cold heat sink, recapturing electrical energy on one side and alleviating thermal pollution in the environment on the other side.

Abstract: A flameless nitrogen liquid to gas converter for providing high pressure nitrogen gas to treat oil and gas wells. A diesel engine prime mover drives hydraulic pumps and motors to pressurize nitrogen and actuate a closed-loop water system and a series of heat exchangers. The closed-loop water system provides heat for converting the liquid nitrogen to gaseous nitrogen which is obtained from the engine jacket water, the engine exhaust and the hydraulic oil from the hydraulic pumps and motors. Additional heat can be obtained from the hydraulic oil system by increasing the hydraulic system pressure with an hydraulic pressure control valve. At least one of the hydraulic pumps and its driven hydraulic motor is in an hydraulic circuit which includes variable means for increasing the pressure in the hydraulic circuit, hydraulic oil-water heat exchanger and an hydraulic oil reservoir. Hydraulic fluid from the other pumps and motors is transmitted through the hydraulic oil-water heat exchanger.

Abstract: A combined cycle (Brayton and Rankine) system for generating electrical power is disclosed. A gas turbine directly connected to an electrical generator is powered by compressed heated air, the air heated, after passing through the compressor section of the turbine, by passage through a high temperature gas-to-air heat exchanger through which hot combustion flue gases (by burning a biomass or other fuel) are also passed. The flue gases, after passage through the heat exchanger, are used to generate steam for powering a steam turbine or for other purposes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating hot exhaust gas to purify the gas and/or to recover the heat values therein includes removing particulate matter from the gas, cooling the gas by transferring its heat to regenerators and purifying the cooled gas by subliming or "freezing out" harmful, less volatile components. The heat energy of the exhaust gas may be recovered by passing a heat exchange medium, such as compressed air and/or purified cooled gas, through the heated regenerators. A major advantage of this method and apparatus is that exhaust gases at 300.degree.-350.degree. C. may be purified and the heat energy recovered using thermodynamically efficient regenerators. As a result the air preheater stage of conventional boilers or combustion units, which comprise 60% to 70% of the heat exchange surface area, may be eliminated.

Abstract: A system is provided which improves the ability of cogeneration facilities to meet varying electrical power and process steam demands. One or more thermal boosting systems each having a Rankine cycle evaporator coupled with a solution heat pump cycle is integrated with the turbines of the cogeneration facility to maintain full steam flow through the turbines and provide a portion of the process steam demands on the facility. Optionally, a bottoming turbine is added to the system to further improve its flexibility to meet varying demands.