Abstract: An ICG/ECG electrode includes a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein at least one of the first or second electrode senses both an ICG signal and an ECG voltage signal. A physiologic parameter monitoring apparatus includes a set of electrodes, including an electrode for sensing both an ICG voltage signal and an ECG voltage signal corresponding to a patient. The apparatus further includes an ICG monitor for processing the ICG voltage signal sensed by the electrode and an ECG monitor for processing the ECG voltage signal sensed by the same electrode.

Abstract: An electrode assembly for an EIT scanning device (11) including an electrode (15), a current supply unit (17), a voltage buffer unit (19), a switch logic unit (21), and lines for connecting the different elements, whereby the switch logic unit (21) comprises at least one element of a first shift register (27) and at least one element of a second shift register (29). A belt-like device comprising a plurality of said electrode assemblies. A method of measuring an EIT-image using such electrode assemblies preferably arranged in such a belt-like device.

Abstract: The present inventor relates to an electrochemical device for measuring the redox state of the skin, comprising at least one working electrode, such as a microelectrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode, said electrodes all being fixed into a single support intended to allow each of said electrodes to be simultaneously brought into contact with the surface of the skin to be tested, the electrodes being connected, on the one hand, to a means for imposing a defined voltage between the working electrode and the reference electrode, such as a potentiostat, and, or the other hand, to a device for measuring the intensity of the current generated at the working electrode by the detection of redox species. The invention also related to a method of measuring the redox state of the skin.

Abstract: A picafina device that is an electrode for measurement of neuron electrical activity where the number of measurement points is very large, and methods of selecting a subset of available measuring electrodes on the surface of the device. The device can keep the selection for a predetermined length of time, or for an indefinite length of time, both under control of the researcher or the neurosurgeon. Selecting a different measuring pad, or a combination of pads, is equivalent to making measurement at a different location or on a nearby neuron. Several parallel measurements can be made, in which case correlations can be made between the firing of different neurons.

Abstract: A system for sensing multiple local electric voltages from endocardial surface of a heart, includes: an elongate tubular member; a plurality of flexible splines having proximal portions, distal portions and medial portions therein between; an anchor for securably affixing the proximal portions of the splines; an atraumatic tip for securably affixing the distal portions of the splines; and a polymeric member including opposed a first open end and a second open end defining an open lumen therein between and an inner member surface and an outer member surface, wherein at least one of the plurality of flexible splines is at least partially disposed within the lumen of the polymeric member; a flexible electrode assembly strip with one or more exposed electrodes disposed on at least a portion of the outer surface of the polymeric member.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to methods for assessing and/or improving contact between an electrophysiology catheter and tissue, and catheters for performing the methods. One embodiment relates to a catheter comprising a braided conductive member coupled to the distal end of a shaft, wherein the braided conductive member comprises a plurality of pressure sensitive wires. Another embodiment relates to a catheter comprising a braided conductive member having a plurality of sectors and coupled to the distal end of a shaft, and a balloon assembly constructed and arranged to selectively apply distal pressure to one or more sectors of the braided conductive member.

Abstract: A body fat measurement device includes: hand electrodes that make contact with both hands; back area electrodes that makes contact with the surface of the back area side of the trunk area; foot electrodes that make contact with both feet; a body impedance measurement unit that measures a body impedance in a body using these multiple electrodes; and a body fat mass calculation unit that calculates a body fat mass based on the body impedance measured by the body impedance measurement unit. The foot electrodes that make contact with both feet are provided on a platform unit in an exposed state, and the hand electrodes that make contact with both hands and the back area electrodes that make contact with the surface of the back area side of the trunk area are all provided on a fitting unit in an exposed state.

Abstract: A body fat measurement device includes multiple electrodes, a trunk area width detection unit for measuring a trunk area width and a trunk area depth, a body impedance measurement unit that measures a body impedance of a body using the multiple electrodes, and a body fat mass calculation unit that calculates a body fat mass based on the measured body impedance and the trunk area width and trunk area depth. A frame-shaped fitting unit in which the trunk area width detection unit is provided and that is capable of being disposed so as to surround a measurement subject's trunk area can be mounted on and removed from a platform unit in which foot electrodes are provided, and is stored within the platform unit during a stored state.

Abstract: An electrode patch (40, 40?) enables securing five electrodes (E?, A?, S?, I?, N?) or six electrodes (V1?, V6?, LA?, RA?, LL?, RL?) in a predefined pattern. The electrode patch is configured for disposal as a unit on a subject (SUBJ) in a magnetic resonance (MR) scanner (8), and has a maximum electrodes separation (dmax) of at least 20 centimeters and not more than 50 centimeters. The predefined pattern enables 12-lead electrocardiographic signals to be synthesized from signals acquired by the five or six electrodes in the predefined pattern.

Abstract: A paddle lead includes a paddle body with a plurality of electrodes disposed on the paddle body. The plurality of electrodes includes a first electrode and a second electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode are disposed laterally around the circumference of the paddle body. At least one connecting wire is disposed on, or within, the paddle body to electrically couple the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: A cardiac navigation system including a mapping catheter, a control system coupled to the mapping catheter, an electrode array, and means for driving an electrical current across the electrode array. The mapping catheter includes means for sensing an electrical field. The control system includes means for receiving sensed signals from the mapping catheter. The cardiac navigation system includes at least one electrode array including means for providing an electrical field across three axes. The three axes are approximately orthogonal with respect to one another. The means for driving an electrical current across the three axes includes means for providing a plurality of individual current sources to the electrode array.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for improving imaging resolution of electrical impedance tomography (EIT). More specifically, the present disclosure forms virtual electrode(s) using an electric current steering technique, which is used to improve imaging resolution of an EIT system without physically increasing a number of conducting electrodes. The EIT system of the present disclosure may includes a plurality of conducting electrodes, at least one signal generator, at least one signal receiver and at least one electric current steering device. In other words, the present disclosure applies both the electric current steering technique and the virtual electrode technique to EIT. Consequently, imaging resolution of EIT can be improved without physically increasing the number of conducting electrodes.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method, the apparatus including a housing, an electrocardiogram (ECG) measuring circuit contained in the housing, and three electrodes embedded in the housing, electrically connected to the ECG measuring circuit, and in spaced apart configuration from each other.

Abstract: A heart monitoring system for a person includes one or more wireless nodes forming a wireless network; a wearable body sensor having a wireless transceiver adapted to communicate with the one or more wireless nodes.

Abstract: Sensors for non-invasively determining tissue wetness/hydration based on relative changes in subsurface resistivities in tissue below the sensor when applied to a human body across different frequencies. A sensor including arrays of current-injecting and voltage-sensing electrodes may be placed on a subject's back to determine lung wetness. Sensors may be used as part of a systems and method for determining tissue water content, systems and methods for determining lung wetness, or the like. Sensors for determining relative changes in subsurface resistivities across frequencies and systems include arrays of electrodes used to determine relative changes in subsurface resistivities across frequencies may include pairs of current-injecting and voltage sensing electrodes.

Abstract: A headset for detecting brain electrical activity is disclosed. The headset may have a flexible band having a first end and a second end. The flexible band may have at least one expansible region permitting a distance between the first end and the second end to selectably vary. The headset may also have flexible circuitry in the flexible band. The flexible circuitry may be operatively connected to at least one sensor configured to sense brain electrical activity. The headset may further have a stimulus emitter coupled to the flexible band.

Abstract: A biosignal measurement device includes an electrode and a signal processing member. The electrode includes an insulation sheet having a hole, a device contact portion provided on the top surface of the insulation sheet and a body contact portion provided on the bottom surface of the insulation sheet, the device contact portion and the body contact portion electrically connected to each other via the hole. The signal processing member includes an externally exposed terminal to make surface contact with the device contact portion, an analog signal processing unit, an A/D signal converter and a digital signal processing unit. Also, the device contact portion and the body contact portion are formed of a material which is both conductive and adhesive. Accordingly, the signal processing member may be directly attached. Noise may be reduced. Also, a biosignal may be accurately measured.

Abstract: Laryngeal surface electrodes are devices designed to hold a conductive surface against the vocal cords in order to pick up small electrical signals from the muscle known as electromyographic signals. Several embodiments of a laryngeal electromyography tube include a conductive electrode surface that is painted, screen printed or otherwise applied directly onto the body of an endotracheal tube, such that the final device has no raised surfaces which can injure the vocal cords. These endotracheal tube with integral laryngeal surface electrodes can be safely used placed for prolonged, continuous monitoring during surgery, after surgery and during intensive care treatment intubation without a need to remove and replace the tube at these various stages of treatment. In one embodiment, one electrode contacts the vocal cords and a second electrode contacts the tongue.

Abstract: An event-based bio-signal capturing system is disclosed. At least one bio-signal capturing device captures a bio-signal measured from biological beings; and at least one event capturing device captures an event and generates a corresponding event marker. A data recording device acquires the bio-signal and the event marker, wherein the bio-signal and the event marker are acquired with corresponding time reference for subsequent event-based data analysis.

Abstract: A steering wheel with a biometric sensor apparatus may include a plurality of sensing prominences having electric conductivity and protruding from an outer surface of the steering wheel.

Abstract: A method, system, and device for detection of an arrhythmia, and discrimination between different types of arrhythmia, for example to determine whether to administer an electric shock to the heart, the device comprising a wearable monitor with electrodes that detect the electrical activity of a beating heart, attached to an embedded monitoring system having an amplifier, a microprocessor, a data storage device, and a power supply, all disposed on a substrate having large distal end portions that attach to the electrodes and a narrow intermediate portion that attaches to the monitoring system.

Abstract: A sensor mounting system includes a rigid main body portion defining a housing within which is mounted a compression element. In use, the compression element provides a predetermined biasing force to force a sensor against the skin of a subject. A secondary support structure provides an adjustable biasing force to retain the main body portion against the subject. Alternatively, the main body portion may be mounted to a rigid pod with one or more secondary compression elements, with the pod itself retained against the subject. An interface layer extending from the main body portion provides a cushion to improve the comfort of the subject. The interface layer and sensor interface elements may be in the form of fingers to increase contact of the sensor with a selected portion of the subject.

Abstract: An electrode assembly comprising a low-profile, low-volume elongate electrode carrier and a corresponding guide tube for introducing the carrier into the cochlea to place electrodes disposed at the distal end of the carrier at desired locations along the tonotopically-mapped cochlea. The electrode assembly facilitates intra- and extra-cochlea atraumatic implantation of the unobtrusive electrode carrier of the present invention thereby minimizing adverse impact to natural auditory functioning. For example, the electrode assembly may be utilized to implant the low-profile, low-volume elongate electrode carrier into the scala tympani without damaging the delicate structures of the cochlea and without interfering with the natural hydrodynamic nature of the cochlea such as the natural flow of perilymph in the cochlea canals.

Abstract: A tetrode for measuring bio-signals, the tetrode including four electrodes which extend in a lengthwise direction of the tetrode and are symmertrically arranged; and an insulation layer which surrounds the four electrodes to insulate the electrodes from each others. A method of manufacturing a tetrode for measuring bio-signals, the method including forming a first insulation layer; forming first and second electrodes on the first insulation layer and forming a second insulation layer on the first and second electrodes; and forming third and fourth electrodes on the second insulation layer and forming a third insulation layer on the third and fourth electrodes.

Abstract: A multi electrode catheter for non contact mapping of the heart having independent articulation and deployment features.

Abstract: A measuring system for measuring electrocardiogram signals comprises a diagnostic garment with ECG electrodes that may assume the form of a sleeve or glove. A disposable version of the glove can be inflated. By using an inflatable glove, the contour of the body is automatically matched by the contour of the glove. Samples from the ECG electrodes positioned on a diagnostic garment are compensated so that the samples better approximate samples from EEG electrodes that are positioned at classical locations. Also, samples from ECG electrodes are compensated to reduce signal noise resulting from positioning the ECG electrodes on the diagnostic garment.

Abstract: Electrode sensor comprising an array of spaced apart individual contact elements (27?, 41), and an interface structure (30, 35) for forming contact between said contact elements and the skin; said interface structure comprising an interface layer of an essentially electrically insulating or poorly electrically conducting material (20?, 29, 37) defining a skin (31) contact surface on one side and an array contact surface on the other side of the interface layer, a first pattern of an electrically conducting material on the array contact surface, a second pattern of an electrically conducting material on the skin contact surface, and electrical pathways (21?, 39) connecting the first pattern with the second pattern; whereas, the first pattern comprises pattern elements, each individual contact element (27?, 41) comprises a contacting surface area large enough to cover several pattern elements of said first pattern when contacting the array contact surface of the interface structure, and by contacting distinct s

Abstract: A system for long-term non-invasive heart monitoring includes (1) a disposable unit that has built-in electrodes, a built-in wire antenna, a watertight chamber that can be opened and closed, and an adhesive surface for cutaneous mounting; (2) an electronic controller that can acquire, process and store physiological signals, and can be fitted into the disposable unit to establish electrical contact with the built-in electrodes; and (3) a portable communication unit that can wirelessly communicate bi-directionally with the electronic controller, and further communicate bi-directionally with a remote service center.

Abstract: An electrode system comprises electrode modules, flexible connectors, and sensors. Each electrode module defines a substantially central opening and has circuitry that includes an amplifier. A conductive ring is exposed in the opening of each electrode module. The flexible connectors include flexible circuitry coupled with the circuitry of the electrode modules. Each sensor includes an electrolytic hydrogel portion that is configured to contact a test subject and outwardly extending tabs that are in communication with the hydrogel portion, The tabs are configured to contact the conductive ring of an electrode module with the sensor is inserted in the opening of the electrode module. The system may thus sense evoked response potentials (ERPs) from the test subject through the electrolytic hydrogel portions, amplify those potentials, and communicate the amplified potentials through the circuitry of the flexible connectors. A control box may initiate ERP testing and store the test results.

Abstract: A body-surface mapping system is disclosed that uses a plurality of electrodes to map at least a portion of a human torso without having to adjust the positions of the electrodes. The body-surface mapping system energizes groupings or regions of electrodes, then compares and adjusts the current driven through each grouping or region of electrodes to produce near-uniform fields. The electrodes of the body-surface mapping system may be interconnected by wires capable of sensing interelectrode distances, such that the system can reconstruct a detailed model of a patient's torso surface. The body-surface mapping system may also use a catheter in addition to the body surface electrodes to compute both endocardial and epicardial voltage distributions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrode device for measuring impedance within a human body, and to an apparatus using the same for measuring impedance within a human body and performing acupuncture treatment using the measured impedance, which can automatically and precisely determine locations of meridians within the human body, form a three-dimensional image of the determined locations, and enable acupuncture treatment to be performed precisely. The electrode device for measuring impedance within a human body comprises: a cylindrical housing member having a guide rod mounted to an open side thereof; a cylindrical electrode member configured to be pressed against the skin of a human body and moved back and forth through the open side along the guide rod; and a resilient member interposed between the cylindrical electrode member and the cylindrical housing member to resiliently move the cylindrical electrode member back and forth along the guide rod.

Abstract: A non-invasive fetal monitoring system includes a plurality of contact elements, each of the contact elements comprising a plurality of electrodes configured in a unique pattern. The plurality of contact elements are configured for attachment to an external skin surface of a pregnant female for detecting fetal and/or maternal electrical activity.

Abstract: The invention provides a non-invasive method for diagnosing a biological condition in a pregnant female, or fetus therein, by measuring fetal electrical activity using a plurality of contact elements. Each contact element is configured for attachment to an external skin surface and includes a plurality of electrodes configured in a unique pattern. The measured fetal electrical activity is compared to one or more references to determine a biological condition in the pregnant female, the fetus, or both.

Abstract: A fat mass measurement apparatus includes an area detection unit that detects a predetermined position in a measurement subject's trunk area and detecting a predetermined area in the trunk area using the detected position; an electrode position setting unit that sets, on the body surface at the predetermined area detected by the area detection unit, a plurality of positions along the vertical direction of the trunk area for measuring the body impedance; an impedance measurement unit that measures the body impedance by bringing the impedance measurement electrodes into contact with each of the plurality of positions that have been set; and an abdominal area fat mass calculation unit that calculates a fat volume at the predetermined area based on the body impedances at each of the plurality of positions measured by the impedance measurement and the size of the trunk area at the predetermined area.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to methods and systems for monitoring bioelectric potentials. In some instances, an electrode is applied to a patient's skin. The electrode may be at least partly inserted into the patient's skin, such as by inserting at least part of one or more teeth underneath the skin.

Abstract: A method for locating neural tissue in a patient body may involve: advancing a probe along a natural tissue interface between the neural tissue and another tissue in the body, the probe having a first surface oriented toward the neural tissue and a second surface oriented away from the neural tissue; delivering a first electrical current to a first electrode along the first surface of the probe; delivering a second electrical current to a second electrode along the second surface of the probe; and verifying that the first surface of the advanced probe remains oriented toward the neural tissue and the second surface remains oriented away from the neural tissue by monitoring neural response to the first and second electrical currents.

Abstract: An electrotherapy system for stimulating sensory nerves within skin tissue includes a electrode carrier, a pulse generator, an array of skin-penetrating electrodes and surface skin electrodes, a pulse conditioning circuit, and a power source. The system administers biphasic pulsed current at the surface skin electrodes and monophasic pulsed current at each skin-penetrating electrode. The skin-penetrating surfaces and skin contact surfaces of the electrotherapy system may be sterilized or may be replaceable for outpatient reusability.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are described for collecting physiological data using a configurable biopotential array. The array is embedded on a surface area of a handheld device. The array includes a number of electrode tiles. The electrodes include biosensors to collect the physiological data of a user. The electrodes are polled to detect contact with the user's skin. Electrodes in contact with the skin are electrically coupled to form an active electrode area. The coupled electrodes collect the physiological data relating to the user via the biosensors. The electrodes are decoupled after contact with the user's skin is terminated. The physiological data is analyzed and an emotional state or health state of the user is determined from the analyzed data.

Abstract: Remanufactured BIS sensors and methods for remanufacturing used BIS sensors are provided. Such a remanufactured sensor may include certain components from a used medical sensor and certain new components. For example, a remanufactured BIS sensor may include a backing layer and at least first, second, and third electrodes disposed on the backing layer having a conductive ink. The first, second, and third electrodes are adapted to be in electrical contact with a patient to perform BIS measurements. A foam layer may be disposed on at least a portion of the backing layer, and an adhesive may be attached to the foam layer and is configured to secure the remanufactured BIS sensor to the patient. The first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, the backing layer, or a combination thereof, may be new and the foam layer, the adhesive, or a combination thereof, may be from a used medical sensor.

Abstract: A biosignal measuring apparatus and a method of measuring a biosignal is provided. A biosignal measuring apparatus includes a first interfacing unit including two or more first interfaces configured to detect first signals from a subject, a second interfacing unit including two or more second interfaces and a connecting unit, the second interfaces being configured to detect noise from the subject, the connecting unit being configured to connect the second interfaces, and a biosignal extracting unit configured to extract a biosignal of the subject from the first signals by using signals output from the second interfacing unit.

Abstract: A picafina device that is an electrode for measurement of neuron electrical activity where the number of measurement points is very large, and methods of selecting a subset of available measuring electrodes on the surface of the device. The device can keep the selection for a predetermined length of time, or for an indefinite length of time, both under control of the researcher or the neurosurgeon. Selecting a different measuring pad, or a combination of pads, is equivalent to making measurement at a different location or on a nearby neuron. Several parallel measurements can be made, in which case correlations can be made between the firing of different neurons.

Abstract: A wide-filed retinal prosthesis enables an increased field of vision with a relatively small scleral incision. The retinal prosthesis includes a flexible substrate comprising a central member and at least one wing, with an array of electrodes disposed therein that are configured to stimulate the central and peripheral nerves of the retina.

Abstract: A biosensor is described which can obtain physiological data from an individual. The biosensor may collect electrodermal activity, skin temperature, and other information. The biosensor may be attached to the body through the use of a garment which may be fastened in multiple locations on the human body. The biosensor includes compensation for electrodermal activity measurements based on the amount of pressure applied to the electrodes that are in contact with the skin. As pressure is increased the electrodermal activity values typically increase. By compensating for the influence that pressure changes have on electrodermal activity, more accurate analysis of physiology and therefore mental state analysis may be performed.

Abstract: An electrocardiograph includes first and second induction electrodes, a signal difference generation section, an electrocardiographic detection section, a signal applying section, and a contact detection section. The signal difference generation section generates a potential difference between a signal from the first induction electrode and a signal from the second induction electrode as a signal difference. The electrocardiographic detection section detects an electrocardiographic complex of a subject based on the signal difference. The signal applying section applies a first signal to the first induction electrode and a second signal to the second induction electrode. The first signal has a property different from the electrocardiographic complex. The second signal has a property different from the electrocardiographic complex and the first signal. The contact detection section detects a contact state of the subject to the first and second induction electrodes based on the signal difference.

Abstract: A disposable electrode array 100, 200 including a flexible member 106, 206 in which a plurality of electrodes 102, 202 are disposed, having a shape adapted to contact the forehead skin surface on a human patient. A pair of ear loops 104, 204 coupled to the disposable electrode array 100, 200 secure the disposable electrode array 100, 200 about the patient's ears, with the flexible member 106, 206 disposed across the patient's bow, retaining the electrodes 102, 202 against the skin surface. Additional electrodes 102, 202 are disposed in proximity to the ear loops 104, 204 and are configured to contact the skin surface behind the patient's ears. An auditory stimulus delivery element 116, 216 is coupled with each of the ear loops 104, 204, and positioned to seat in proximity to the patient's ear canal for the delivery of auditory stimulus.

Abstract: A bioelectric signal measurement apparatus includes a first interface configured to detect a bioelectric signal of a testee through electrical interfacing with a skin of the testee; a second interface configured to detect a signal different from the bioelectric signal through electrical interfacing with the skin, the second interface electrically interfacing with the skin in a state that is different from a state in which the first interface electrically interfaces with the skin; and a signal processor configured to remove, from the detected bioelectric signal, a motion artifact between the first interface and the skin using the detected signal different from the bioelectric signal.

Abstract: A sensor for measuring a physiological signal and a method for manufacturing such a sensor. Such a sensor includes a flexible substrate and at least one electrode, which has a signalling surface, which faces in the same direction as the first surface of the flexible substrate. In addition, the sensor includes a signal transmission conductor, which is connected electrically to the electrode. The signal transmission conductor is attached in a watertight manner to the second surface of the substrate. The sensor is reliable, economical to manufacture, and comfortable to the user.

Abstract: A method of stimulating sensory nerves is disclosed that comprises the steps of providing an electrode plate with a pattern of needle-like (NL) electrodes and conductive plate (CP) electrodes disposed on a front face of the plate element, the NL electrodes being configured to apply electrical stimulation to cutaneous A?/C fibers, and the CP electrodes being configured to apply electrical stimulation to cutaneous A? fibers; mounting the electrode plate on a patient's skin with the front face in an abutting relationship with the patient's skin, the abutting relationship causing the NL electrodes to penetrate the epidermis of the patient's skin; and applying electrical stimulation to the patient's skin via the pattern of NL electrodes and CP electrodes, the electrical stimulation being applied so that A? fiber input from the CP electrodes overlaps in time at the patient's spinal cord and/or brain stem with A?/C fiber input from the NL electrodes.

Abstract: A tissue monitoring system includes an introducer having an inflatable section and a plurality of electrodes disposed thereon. The electrodes are alternatively connected to an electrode contact system which includes at least one signal line and at least one measurement line for taking readings about a circumferential segment of tissue encompassed by the electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for securing medical leads in a cranial burr hole, in particular, for securing a brain stimulation lead within such a burr hole. The device includes a circular socket element adapted to be secured within a burr hole of the skull of a patient, the circular socket element having a through lead passage arranged to have the lead pass therethrough, the lead passage including passage walls including at least one resilient partition wall extending from an inner wall of the circular socket element, and the circular socket element having at least one inner compartment delimited by the partition wall.