Abstract: A portable medical device having improved ECG trace display and reporting. Embodiments implement features to ameliorate artifacts created by virtue of attempting to eliminate compression artifacts due to mechanical compression devices. Other embodiments additionally implement features to seek to detect the occurrence of ROSC while chest compressions are ongoing.

Abstract: A pulse wave sensor unit includes a pressure sensor, and an adhesive tape to attach the pressure sensor to a measurement portion to be measured. The pressure sensor includes a diaphragm part, and an annular support part which supports the diaphragm part and has an aperture for allowing the diaphragm part to face the measurement portion, and a closed space is able to be formed between the diaphragm part and the measurement portion by attaching the pressure sensor to the measurement portion using the adhesive tape.

Abstract: A physiological detection device includes an array sensor and a processing unit. The array sensor is configured to output array photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. The processing unit is configured to construct a 3D energy distribution, and identify an arc-like pattern in the 3D energy distribution according to the array PPG signals to accordingly identify different microcirculation states and an attaching status.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a computer-implemented process for evaluating user activity, user preference, and/or user habit via one or more personal devices and providing precisely timed and situationally targeted prompts and stimuli for encouraging lifestyle choices and reinforcing health habits. It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a technological solution to the long felt need in health management services caused by the technical problem of procuring timely health management by encouraging healthy choices.

Abstract: Portable automated systems and methods can be used to perform field testing of patient blood chemistry to determine whether biological death has occurred in a clinically dead patient, and therefore whether the patient is a viable candidate for resuscitation efforts. A blood sample is received in a detector, which analyzes the blood sample to generate a signal representing at least one blood chemistry parameter of the blood sample and transmits a signal representing the at least one blood chemistry parameter to a processor. The processor compares the at least one blood chemistry parameter to a corresponding at least one resuscitatability parameter and, based on the comparison, causes an indicator to emit a resuscitatability indicator signal indicating potential resuscitatability, such as “resuscitatable”, “non-resuscitatable” or “borderline”/“indeterminate”.

Abstract: An optical adapter is configured to be removably secured to a wearable monitoring device. The monitoring device includes a housing having a portion with a biometric sensor that is wearably positionable adjacent the skin of a subject. The biometric sensor includes an optical emitter and an optical detector. The optical adapter includes a base that is configured to be removably secured to the housing portion. The optical adapter includes a first light guide extending outwardly from the base that is in optical communication with the optical emitter when the base is secured to the housing portion, and a second light guide extending outwardly from the base that is in optical communication with the optical detector when the base is secured to the housing portion. The optical adapter also includes a plurality of stabilizing members extending outwardly from the base.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a wearing portion to be worn by a subject and a sensor unit that includes a sensor configured to detect a pulse wave of the subject. The sensor unit includes a displacement portion configured to contact a measured part of the subject and to be displaced in accordance with the pulse wave of the subject when the wearing portion is worn by the subject.

Abstract: A sensor assembly includes a housing and a circuit board assembly. The housing includes a first accommodation cavity, a second accommodation cavity, a first connection portion, a second connection portion, and a third accommodation cavity. The first connection portion is connected to the first accommodation cavity and one end of the third accommodation cavity, and the second connection portion is connected to the second accommodation cavity and the other end of the third accommodation cavity. The circuit board assembly is accommodated within the first accommodation cavity, the second accommodation cavity, the first connection portion, the second connection portion and the third accommodation cavity. The width of the first connection portion and the second connection portion is less than the width of the first accommodation cavity, the second accommodation cavity and the third accommodation cavity.

Abstract: A method of operating an activity tracking system includes collecting activity data from an activity tracking device, receiving an activity type associated with the activity data via a user input, and evaluating the collected activity data to determine whether one or more aspects thereof are within a predetermined range of values assigned to the received activity type.

Abstract: The present invention provides devices to access the suprachoroidal space or sub-retinal space in an eye via a minimally invasive transconjunctival approach. The devices may also be used after a partial dissection, for example after dissection of the outer scleral layer of the eye, and using the device within the dissection to access the suprachoroidal space or the sub-retinal space.

Abstract: To objectively grasp a stress state of a user and to prevent a mental disorder of the user, the following steps are performed: acquiring, via a network, biogas information at multiple timings and time information corresponding to each of the multiple timings, wherein the biogas information represents a concentration of acetophenone of a user acquired by a sensor that detects acetophenone discharged from a skin surface of the user; obtaining reference information representing an upper limit of a normal range of the concentration of acetophenone per unit period of time, using a memory storing the reference information representing the upper limit of the normal range; determining a stress time period during which a concentration of the acetophenone of the user is more than the upper limit of the normal range, based on the acquired biological gas information; and outputting time period information indicating the determined stress time period to an information terminal of the user, to display the stress time perio

Abstract: Disclosed are a device for measuring muscle relaxation and a monitoring equipment. The device includes a response signal detection unit and a control unit. The response signal detection unit includes an angular velocity sensor for sensing the motion of a measurement site and outputting corresponding angular velocity information of the measurement site to the control unit. The control unit includes a main processor and a stimulus signal source connected to the main processor. The stimulus signal source applies stimulus current to the measurement site through an output terminal under control of the main processor. The main processor can process the motion information from the response signal detection unit.

Abstract: Systems, methods and devices for reducing noise in health monitoring including monitoring systems, methods and/or devices receiving a health signal and/or having at least one electrode or sensor for health monitoring.

Abstract: Non-invasive electroencephalogram (EEG)-based methods for detecting a spreading depolarization secondary to a brain injury in a patient who exhibits high-amplitude delta activity in at least one channel of a scalp EEG of an injured brain hemisphere of the patient include (a) recording a baseline scalp EEG pattern in the patient at a channel exhibiting high amplitude delta activity; (b) recording a continuous scalp EEG pattern in the patient across a time frame at the at least one channel; and (c) detecting a spreading depolarization during the time frame by observing at least one feature indicative of a spreading depolarization in the continuous scalp EEG recording pattern relative to the baseline scalp EEG pattern at the at least one channel. Scalp EEG recordings are time-compressed prior to analysis. Methods of treating brain-injured patients and triaging brain-injured patients apply the non-invasive EEG methods.

Abstract: The invention provides a system and a method for tracking, assessing, and managing personalized data related to medical conditions, diseases, disease symptoms, treatments, body function metrics, health and well-being, education, and training. In one embodiment, a method for personalized management of a medical condition is provided. The method includes providing a graphical user interface for allowing the patient to input at least one medical condition metric and at least one intervention, receiving at least one medical condition metric for a patient for a time interval, receiving information about at least one intervention for the patient for the time interval, and displaying the at least one medical condition metric and intervention over the time interval.

Abstract: A method for preventing obesity related to infection by an adipogenic adenovirus includes obtaining a sample from a person, assaying the sample to determine whether the person has been previously infected with an adipogenic adenovirus, and if the person has not been previously infected, providing the person with at least one sensor positioned to detect when a person's hand approaches a predetermined distance from the person's face. By warning the person of undesired hand-to-face contacts, the person is able to reduce the incidence of obesity related infections. Other embodiments are directed to a kit for preventing obesity caused by infection with an adipogenic adenovirus, such kit including a container for assaying an agent indicating the presence of antibodies to Ad-36, and a sensor positioned on an item selected from the group consisting of one of a hat, a writing instrument, eye glasses, a belt, sunglasses, a bra, a shirt, and a tie.

Abstract: A system to measure blood pressure of a person comprises a software that is configured to obtain two or more sensor information from one or more sensor near simultaneously. The sensor information comprises data points, from which at least one data feature can be derived. Based on the data features derived from the data points, a value of the cardiovascular time delay can be derived. The system can further derive a blood pressure value based on the cardiovascular time delay, and provide the value of the blood pressure, the cardiovascular delay, or other metrics derived from the cardiovascular delay to a user. The sensors can be placed in one or more mobile or wearable devices, which can communicate with each other wirelessly.

Abstract: Accurate motion detection is performed by discriminating whether a sensor detecting an object motion is mounted on a human body or not, and processing is executed with respect to metadata based on the result. Sensor information according to the motion is input from the sensor, and a sensor mounting position is determined. A sensor mounting position detection unit calculates a ratio between a high-frequency component and a low-frequency component included in the sensor information, and discriminates whether the sensor is mounted on the human body or is mounted on other than the human body, on the basis of the calculated ratio. A metadata generating unit inputs user motion detection information obtained by executing a motion detection algorithm assuming a sensor mounting position coincident with a sensor mounting position detection result, and generates the shot image corresponding metadata.

Abstract: A system that assesses health condition by measuring pulse includes: a pulse measuring device that measures an artery of a user who receives assessment of health condition; a terminal that has a function that transmits measured-value data on pulse measured by the pulse measuring device to a health assessing administrator and receives information from the health assessing administrator; an administrative server that is administered by the health assessing administrator, analyzes the measured-value data transmitted from the terminal, and stores various data on health condition that is necessary to assess and analyze health condition. The user transmits the measured-value data on measured pulse from the terminal to the health assessing administrator, and the health assessing administrator transmits assessment information on health condition analyzed by the administrative server to the terminal.

Abstract: A system and method for real time estimation of heart rate (HR) from one or more face videos acquired in non-invasive manner. The system receives face videos and obtains several blocks as ROI consisting of facial skin areas. Subsequently, the temporal fragments are extracted from the blocks and filtered to minimize the noise. In the next stage, several temporal fragments are extracted from the video. The several temporal fragments, corrupted by noise are determined using an image processing range filter and pruned for further processing. The HR of each temporal fragment, referred as local HR is estimated along with its quality. Eventually, a quality based fusion is applied to estimate a global HR corresponding to the received face videos. In addition, the disclosure herein is also applicable for frontal, profile and multiple faces and performs in real-time.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for pulse signal analyzing are provided. The method includes: receiving a pulse signal; decomposing the pulse signal into a plurality of characteristics signal; generating a spectrum for each of the plurality of characteristics signal by using a spectrum projection; obtaining a plurality of quantized data for each of the plurality of characteristics signal by quantizing the spectrum corresponding to each of the plurality of characteristics signal; and determining a physiological condition corresponding to the pulse signal according to the plurality of quantized data of the plurality of characteristics signal.

Abstract: A feature extraction apparatus configured to perform biometric information detection includes a bio-signal obtainer configured to acquire a bio-signal; and a processor configured to decompose a waveform of the acquired bio-signal into component pulses and extract a feature for the biometric information detection based on characteristic points of the component pulses.

Abstract: A blood pressure measurement apparatus, a portable pressure measurement apparatus, and a calibration method for the blood pressure measurement apparatus are provided. The blood pressure measurement apparatus includes a pulse wave measurer configured to measure pulse wave data of a subject while a user pressurizes and depressurizes the blood pressure measurement apparatus, using a portable pressure measurement apparatus, and a communicator configured to receive pressure data that is applied to the blood pressure measurement apparatus during the pressurizing and the depressurizing of the blood pressure measurement apparatus, from the portable pressure measurement apparatus, the pressure data being measured by the portable pressure measurement apparatus. The blood pressure measurement apparatus further includes a processor configured to update a blood pressure estimation formula, based on the received pressure data and the measured pulse wave data.

Abstract: A biometric detection module including a light source module, a detection region and a control module is provided. The light source module is configured to emit green light, red light and IR light in a time division manner to illuminate a skin surface. The detection region is configured to detect penetration light emitted from the light source module for illuminating the skin surface and passing through body tissues to correspondingly generate a green light signal, a red light signal and an IR light signal. The control module is configured to determine a filtering parameter according to the green light signal to accordingly filter the red light signal and the IR light signal, and calculate a biometric characteristic according to at least one of the green light signal, a filtered red light signal and a filtered IR light signal.

Abstract: A breathing gas-carrying patient connection (2) for the artificial respiration of a patient (1) by an anesthesia apparatus or respirator (3) with one or more sensors (9, 10, 11) for detecting patient-relevant measured variables and with a telemetric transmission of the sensor data from the patient connection (2) to a machine-side connection element (13) for the patient connection (2), wherein the telemetric transmission of the sensor data is designed for wireless bidirectional communication between the patient connection (2) and the connection element (13), makes possible the reliable transmission of data into the machine-side connection element (13).

Abstract: A method of controlling an analysis of electromagnetic (EM) signal of a human subject. The method comprises positioning an EM transducer unit in front of a skin area above a target intrabody volume of a human subject, the EM transducer unit having at least one EM transducer, a pressure applying unit that applies a variable pressure on the skin area, and a pressure sensor, measuring at least one pressure parameter indicative of the variable pressure using the pressure sensor, capturing EM signal using the at least one EM transducer, and performing an analysis of the EM signal to infer at least one intrabody parameter of the target intrabody volume. The analysis is controlled according to the at least one pressure parameter.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an information processing apparatus includes an acquisition module, a feature calculator and a blood pressure value calculator. The acquisition module is configured to acquire a basic first attribute of a user, a second attribute related to a physique of the user, a third attribute related to a circulatory organ of the user, and a biological signal related to a living body of the user. The feature calculator is configured to calculate a feature in the biological signal. The blood pressure value calculator is configured to calculate a blood pressure value of the user, based on the first attribute, the second attribute, the third attribute, and the feature.

Abstract: Endovascular heat exchange systems and methods wherein a heat exchange catheter is positionable within the vasculature of a patent to exchange heat with the patient's flowing blood. The rate at which heat is being exchanged is determined and quantitative blood flow determinations may be made based on the rate of heat exchange. The system provides notification(s) to personnel when one or more blood flow-related events occur(s), such as a) resumption or continuation of effective spontaneous circulation; b) cessation of absence of effective spontaneous circulation, c) the occurrence of spontaneous or cardiac-compression-generated circulation that is below a minimum effective blood flow rate and e) the occurrence of spontaneous or cardiac-compression-generated circulation that is at or above a minimum effective blood flow rate.

Abstract: A proximity sensor for a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) system detects the proximity of a TMS coil assembly to a position at which the coil is to receive pulses during TMS treatment and provides feedback to the operator so that the operator may adjust the coil assembly to maintain optimal positioning during treatment. A flexible substrate containing a sensor or sensor array is disposed between the TMS coil assembly and the position such that the coupling of the TMS assembly to the position may be detected by the sensor(s). Sensor outputs are processed by signal processing circuitry to provide an indication of whether the TMS coil assembly is properly disposed with respect to the position during TMS treatment. A display provides an indication of how to adjust the TMS coil assembly to improve the positioning of the TMS coil assembly.

Abstract: A pulse oximetry measurement system uses a pseudo-random noise generator to stimulate one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs). The light amplitudes from these LEDs, after passing through a part of a body, are detected by a phototransistor or photodiode and digitized with an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The digitized ADC light amplitude values are re-correlated with the outgoing pseudo-random noise stimulus. Spread spectrum techniques are known for their noise mitigation properties, and ability to pass multiple signals through the same medium without interference. Thus, these measurements can be performed substantially simultaneously with minimal interference from each other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device (10) for detecting a circadian phase shift of a user (48). The device comprises: an interface for obtaining a skin conductance signal of the user (48) and sleep cycle information of the user (48); a processing unit (14) for determining an internal clock wake-up time based on the obtained skin conductance signal (20) and an external clock wake-up time based on the obtained sleep cycle information; and an evaluation unit (16) for evaluating a circadian phase shift of the user (48) based on the internal clock wake-up time and the external clock wake-up time. The present invention further relates to a corresponding method as well as to a wearable system (22) for monitoring a circadian phase shift of a user (48).

Abstract: A pulse photometer includes: a first variation acquirer acquiring a first variation corresponding to a light attenuation variation of a first light beam due to pulsation of blood in a subject, based on a first intensity signal corresponding to an intensity of the first light beam that is transmitted through or reflected from a body of the subject, and that has a first wavelength; a second variation acquirer acquiring a second variation; and a concentration calculator calculating a blood light absorber concentration, based on the first and second variations, the second variation containing a first offset which is based on an inverse of the light attenuation variation of the first light beam.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for characterizing circulatory blood volume is disclosed. The method has the steps of acquiring a biological signal that emulates the arterial pulse wave from a sensor. Two derived parameters, circulatory stress, which reflects a harmonic of heart rate, and circulatory blood flow, which reflects the amplitude of the unprocessed biological signal, are extrapolated from the biological signal, and are each compared to a threshold value and assessed to determine an adequacy of circulatory blood volume. In embodiments, the assessment of circulatory blood volume is used to manage a patient's cardiovascular autoregulatory function or the adequacy of transfer of fluids to and from the circulatory system, with the ultimate goal of achieving a circulatory blood volume that adequately supplies the demands of the patient's tissues and organs.

Abstract: A physiological detection system including an array sensor and a processing unit is provided. The array sensor is configured to output array PPG signals. The processing unit is configured to construct a 3D energy distribution according to the array PPG signals to accordingly identify different microcirculation states.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for calculating point values for users who participate in activities. An activity is first captured with a sensor. A processor classifies the activity by comparing a sensor signal to templates. Once the activity is classified, an activity factor is selected. Point values are then calculated as a function of the activity factor and duration of the activity. If a predetermined criteria is met, such as inactivity for a predetermined time period, points may be deducted.

Abstract: A method of generating a data string containing physiological and motion-related information includes sensing physical activity of a subject via at least one motion sensor attached to the subject, sensing physiological information from the subject via at least one photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor attached to the subject, and processing signals from the at least one motion sensor and signals from the at least one PPG sensor into a serial data string of physiological information and motion-related information. A plurality of subject physiological parameters can be extracted from the physiological information, and a plurality of subject physical activity parameters can be extracted from the motion-related information.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (1) for detecting vital signs comprising a sensor (2) and a power supply module (3), which sensor (2) has at least one detection means (5, 6, 7, 8) configured to detect a vital sign from the group comprising oxygen content of the blood, body temperature, skin moisture, conductivity of the skin, pulse, and a first (10) communication module, and the power supply module (3) has a second communication module (20) and a power source (21), and a wireless communication link (4) exists between the first (10) and second communication module (20), and the sensor (2) is provided in the form of an elastically deformable, rebounding thin-film sensor, and the communication link (4) is configured for transmitting power and measured values or measurement data.

Abstract: Provided is an electronic device to monitor a user's biological measurements, where a sensor is configured to acquire a first signal from a user, and a diagnostic processor is configured to pre-process the first signal to generate a second signal, segment the second signal to form signal segments, determine at least one event location for each of the signal segments, match adjacent signal segments for feature alignment, and provide a third signal using results of the feature alignment.

Abstract: Aspects relate to an energy harvesting device adapted for use by an athlete while exercising. The device may utilize a mass of phase-change material to store heat energy, the stored heat energy subsequently converted into electrical energy by one or more thermoelectric generator modules. The energy harvesting device may be integrated into an item of clothing, and such that the mass of phase change material may store heat energy as the item of clothing is laundered.

Abstract: A method is provided, comprising: (1) applying an excitatory current to renal nerve fibers of a subject; (2) determining a change in a parameter of the subject in response to the excitatory current, the parameter being a fastest rate of increase in arterial pressure during a systolic upstroke of an arterial pressure wave of the subject; (3) in response to the change, deciding whether to ablate the renal nerve fibers; and (4) in response to the deciding, applying ablation energy to the renal nerve fibers. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to techniques for receiving glucose data from a continuous glucose sensor and controlling the use and redistribution of that data so it is used in an intended manner. In one aspect, a system includes a plurality of continuous glucose monitor (CGM) devices; a plurality of display devices to receive data from the CGM devices classified into a plurality of classifications based on data type; a cloud server architecture to receive the data from the display devices on an intermittent basis, in which the data routed to a particular server of the plurality of servers is determined by the data type, and in which the intermittent basis varies depending upon data type; a plurality of remote monitor display devices; and an analysis and report engine.

Abstract: A system for detecting dehydration, hemorrhaging, and increases in blood volume comprising monitors the time difference between the arrival of the primary left ventricular ejection pulse (pulse T1) and the arrival of the iliac reflection (pulse T3) to determine an arterial pulse parameter which is the time difference between T1 T3. Changes in T3 minus T1 are indicative of something happening to blood volume. If the T1-3 value goes up and the patient is on an infusion system, it can be an indication of having too much fluid pumped and if T1-3 is lower than it should be for an individual, they are either dehydrated (which can result in decreases in blood volume), they are hemorrhaging, or they have hemorrhaged. A downtrend in T13 can tell whether someone is continuing to hemorrhage.

Abstract: At least one processor is configured to control transmission of infrared rays from an infrared transmitter. A signal reception unit is configured to receive waveform signals of the infrared rays received by an infrared receiver. The at least one processor is configured to measure pulses of a user who wears an earphone based on the waveform signals and to control a transmission pattern of the infrared rays from the infrared transmitter based on which of accuracy in measurement of pulses and power saving is prioritized.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and method for obtaining pulse transit time and/or pulse wave velocity information of a subject (14). Based on a set of image frames (19) of a subject (14) and detected motion of body parts of the subject (14) regions of interest are selected from different non-moving body parts and pulse transit time and/or pulse wave velocity information is obtained from acquired PPG signals extracted from different regions of interest and the respective determined physical distance between the respective regions of interest.

Abstract: Improved apparatus and methods for non-invasively assessing one or more parameters associated with systems such as fluidic circulating systems (e.g., the circulatory system of a living organism). In a first aspect, an improved method of continuously measuring pressure from a compressible vessel is disclosed, wherein a substantially optimal level of compression for the vessel is achieved and maintained using dynamically applied dither perturbations (e.g., modulation) on the various axes associated with the vessel. In a second aspect, an improved apparatus and method are provided for monitoring hemodynamic parameters, such as blood pressure, in a continuous and non-invasive manner while operating under a single unifying scheme. One variant of this scheme using a simulated annealing (SA) type approach to determining and maintaining an optimal operating state.

Abstract: A vital signal measuring watch is provided, the vital signal measuring watch including a watch module having a shape of a wrist watch, wherein the watch module includes a device receiving portion at one side of the watch module and a communication port in the device receiving portion; and a vital signal sensor connected to or disconnected from the device receiving portion, connected to the communication port when being connected to the device receiving portion, and configured to transmit biometric data obtained by measuring vital signals to the communication port, wherein the vital signal sensor is configured to generate an interrupt plug-in event to transmit the event to the watch module when being connected to the communication port, and the watch module is configured to count a number of interrupts of the transmitted interrupt plug-in event, automatically recognize a communication protocol supported by the vital signal sensor according to the number of interrupts, and dynamically activate a communication i

Abstract: A method and corresponding apparatus employ a time-varying spectral analysis approach for reconstructing a heart-related signal that includes motion artifacts. The motion artifacts are produced by motion of a biomedical sensor relative to a sensing location. By comparing time-varying spectra of the heart-related signal and a motion signal, those frequency peaks resulting from the motion artifacts may be suppressed in a time-varying spectrum of the heart-related signal. The time-varying spectral analysis based approach enables the heart-related signal to be reconstructed with accuracy by suppressing the motion artifacts. Example applications for the method and corresponding apparatus include training aids (e.g., runners' heart-rate monitors) and hospital patient heart-rate monitors.

Abstract: A biological information measuring device includes a sensor unit as a biological information measuring module. The sensor unit includes a substrate as a support portion that has a support surface and supports a light receiving portion and a second wall portion as a frame on the support surface. Assuming that the width of the second wall portion is L, a difference ?h between a height h from the support surface to the top surface of the light receiving portion and a height H from the support surface to the top surface of the second wall portion is expressed by Expression (1): 5 384 × 0.016 × L 4 ? ? ? ? h ? 5 384 × 0.039 × L 4 .

Abstract: Embodiments provide physiological measurement systems, devices and methods for continuous health and fitness monitoring. A wearable strap may detect reflected light from a user's skin, where data corresponding to the reflected light is used to automatically and continually determine a heart rate of the user. The wearable strap may include a motion sensor that is used to determine a motion status of the user. Based upon the motion status of the user, the system may activate light emitters on the wearable strap to determine the heart rate of the user.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a smart wearable device and a contactless payment method, said smart wearable device comprising: an information storage unit, a control unit and a wireless communication unit, wherein, the information storage unit is used for storing information of one or more bank cards; the control unit is used for identifying gathering means based on information of the gathering means received by the wireless communication unit, reading bank card information from the information storage unit, and controlling the wireless communication unit to transmit the read bank card information to the gathering means for payment. By means of the technical solution of this disclosure, contactless payment operation can be performed through the smart wearable device, so as to reduce personal effects carried by the user, increase life convenience of the user, and enhance user experience.