Abstract: A microcomputer included in a respiratory monitoring system selects sensors that have output signals related to respiration of a person from sensors detecting forces applied by the person. To select the sensors, levels of the signals are compared between a respiratory frequency band and another frequency band. If the level of the signal in the respiratory frequency band is predetermined times higher than that of the signal in the other frequency band, the sensor is selected. The respiratory curve is produced based on weight signals outputted from the selected sensors.

Abstract: A non-intrusive and quantitative method and apparatus for diagnosing sleep apnea and detecting apnea events by monitoring during sleep abdominal effort and thoracic effort, determining the phase of each effort, determining the difference in phase between each type of effort, and then determining the rate of phase angle change and standard deviation over time. Also provided may be treatment when apnea events are detected to trigger therapy apparatus such as airway positive pressure apparatus.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring breathing movements and determining breathing patterns, by measuring the simultaneous movement of a plurality of points of a human subject, such that a breathing pattern may be determined based on data obtained in a single acquisition. The method provides a symmetry breathing pattern parameter.

Abstract: A respiratory analysis system for monitoring a respiratory variable for a patient. The system comprises a sensor array for accommodating a patient to be in contact therewith and a processing means. Then array has a plurality of independent like sensors for measuring respiratory movement at different locations on the patient to generate a set of independent respiratory movement signals. The processing means receives and processes the movement signals to derive a classification of individual breaths using, for each breath, the respective phase and/or amplitude of each movement sensor signal within the set for that breath.

Abstract: An improved non-invasive respiration monitor combines signals from a spirometer and laser chest displacement sensor to reduce signal error. The improved respirations signal can be used for position correction in radiation therapy and imaging applications and can be displayed to a user in breath control techniques.

Abstract: A communication system (200) includes a portable radio (202) having as a remote accessory (204) coupled thereto. The remote accessory (204) is preferably a remote speaker-microphone that includes a controller (206) and an accelerometer (208) that monitors a user's vital signs, such as respiration and heart rate. A dispatch station (210) receives the vital sign information from the radio (202) and a detection/notification device (212) detects the vital sign information and notifies support personnel distress conditions.

Abstract: The present invention includes an asymmetric inductive band that preferably has a conductor affixed from a first edge of a conductor substrate and looped across said substrate. A first and a second section of the conductor preferably is formed having “hairpin-like” features at some or all intermediate endpoints, or pivot locations, at discrete points along the length thereof. In addition, the first and the second section are arranged in an asymmetric relation to each other and, in general, each, of the hairpin-like features do not preferably directly oppose another of said features. The hairpins are preferably connected by a sawtooth shaped conductor that also contributes to the change in self-inductance when stretched, in addition to the apex, or hairpin, shape of the conductor.

Abstract: To provide a monitoring device which can detect conditions of a sleeping person reliably and which is simple. A monitoring device comprising: multiple independent distance sensors 11 installed facing different positions in a monitored target area 50 to be monitored for measuring a distance to a monitored target 2, a calculating unit 22 for calculating changes over time in the outputs of the distance sensors 11, and a detection processor 23 for detecting changes in shape of the monitored target 2 based on the calculated changes over time in one or multiple distance sensor 11 among the multiple distance sensors 11.

Abstract: An active medical device having an improved discrimination between an awake phase of a patient and a sleep phase of a patient. This device measures a physiological parameter of a patient, delivers a physiological signal with a slow time response variation, in particular a signal of minute-ventilation (signal MV), and detects whether the patient is in a phase of awakening or sleep. An average (VE) of the signal MV is calculated over a given number of respiratory cycle and compared with a predetermined threshold (Threshold MV), such that a first state of awakening is determined when the average is higher than the threshold, and a first state of sleep is determined in the contrary case. The device also measures patient activity (signal G), using a signal having a short response time.

Abstract: A device sensor (9) comprising a piezoelectric bar or rod monitors respiratory movements by picking up changes in the abdomen's curvature in the cephalocaudal direction.

Abstract: The measuring system measures a respiratory waveform by the costal respiratory measuring unit and the abdominal respiratory measuring unit. Each measuring unit includes the sensing unit for detecting volume change of the measurement part, and the fixing unit for arranging the sensing unit to the measurement part. The sensing unit detects volume change of the measurement part with the pressure change given by the fixing unit and the measurement part. The control unit controls measurement and receives output from the measuring unit. The respiratory waveform of chest respiration and abdominal respiration is independently acquirable from the above composition. The acquired respiratory waveform is analyzed in the analyzing unit, and is referred to the respiratory function database, and the medical view is acquired for the subject's respiratory function.

Abstract: A system and method for measuring volumes and areas using electromagnetic induction techniques. A current is generated and fed into one of two coil assemblies to induce voltage into another coil assembly to provide accurate values for volume or area.

Abstract: An optical sensor mountable on a patient and targets the supranasternal notch for detecting skin movement by dint of reflected light indicating respiratory effort. The sensor is used in conjunction with a ventilator to provide artificial ventilation support.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring ventilation of a body having a surface that moves in response to the ventilation. The apparatus may include a first permanent magnet, a first magnet attachment mechanism configured to attach the first magnet to the surface, a first magnetic sensor having an output, a first sensor attachment mechanism configured to attach the first sensor to the surface, and a processing system configured to communicate with the magnetic sensor and to determine the ventilation based on the output of the magnetic sensor. An associated process is also disclosed, along with broader applications of the apparatus and process.

Abstract: Devices and methods for detecting disordered breathing involve determining that the patient is asleep and sensing one or more signals associated with disordered breathing indicative of sleep-disordered breathing while the patient is asleep. Sleep-disordered breathing is detected using the sensed signals associated with disordered breathing. The sensed signals associated with disordered breathing may also be used to acquire a respiration pattern of one or more respiration cycles. Characteristics of the respiration pattern are determined. The respiration pattern is classified as a disordered breathing episode based on the characteristics of the respiration pattern. One or more processes involved in the detection of disordered breathing are performed using an implantable device.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing data concerning the respiration-related movements of the abdominal wall and/or the thorax of a person. The device comprises at least one first pair of sensor units (12, 14), which are configured for detachably fixing on the skin in an area of the person's thorax or abdomen, a first distance (1) apart; and a measuring device (20) which is connected to said first pair of sensor units and which is configured for detecting signals of the sensor units that can be evaluated electrically and for producing a distance signal corresponding to the first distance (1) and to changes in the same. Connected downstream of the measuring device is an evaluation device (22, 28) which is configured for evaluating pulsed and/or wave-shaped changes in the first distance signal, in such a way that periodical signal changes of a frequency in the range of 0.05 to 0.

Abstract: A respiration control apparatus connected to a controlled body includes a respiration circuit having an inhalation circuit and an exhalation circuit. The inhalation circuit includes a first solenoid-operated valve and a first check valve. The exhalation circuit includes a vent valve, a dehumidifying chamber, a pressure detector, a second check valve, and a second solenoid-operated valve. A central processor closes the first solenoid-operated valve and the second solenoid-operated valve based on a respiration control signal supplied from a synchronizing signal output control device, disconnecting the respiratory system of the controlled body from the outside of the respiration control apparatus.

Abstract: A monitor which can detect respiration of a sleeping person without being affected by the attitude of the sleeping person or the indoor illumination light and can easily evaluate detected respiration quantitatively through image measurement. The monitor comprises means (1) for projecting a specified illumination pattern, means (5) for picking up the image of projected light continuously, means (7) for calculating inter-frame moving amount of the illumination pattern from the image of two frames acquired by he image pickup means at different times, means (8) for generating a moving amount waveform data comprising inter-frame moving amounts arranged in time series, and means (9) for detecting the movement of an object from the moving amount waveform data.

Abstract: A method and system for monitoring breathing movement of a subject is disclosed. A method and system for detecting and predictably estimating regular cycles of breathing movements is disclosed. Another disclosed aspect of the invention is directed to detect and report irregularity of breathing activity of an infant, such as cessation and non-periodicity, which suggests a likelihood of SIDS.

Abstract: An adapter for interfacing a pyro/piezo sensor to a polysomnograph machine comprises a differential input amplifier coupled to receive the raw transducer signals from a PVDF film transducer to provide a requisite gain while rejecting common mode noise. The resulting amplified signal is filtered to separate the pyro signal from the piezo signal and the piezo signal is further applied to half-wave rectifier stages that function to remove baseline noise from the piezo signal before its being applied to a microphone channel of an existing PSG machine.

Abstract: The level of a respiration signal obtained from a laser sensor or the like is indicated on a respiration monitor according to an output condition set by synchronizing signal output control device. While the level of the respiration signal is indicated on the respiration monitor, a synchronizing signal output device outputs a synchronizing signal according to the output condition and the respiration signal to an X-ray control device, which controls a high-voltage generating device to energize an X-ray source to apply X-rays to an examinee.

Abstract: A garment for infants comprises a comfort component serving as a base, a plurality of signal transmission paths integrated within the comfort component; and at least one interface that provides a transmission path between the information infrastructure component and an external device. In addition, the garment has the means to ensure a snug fit for the baby so that the sensors stay in place to minimize the risk of false alarms while the baby is safe and comfortable. This feature also helps to extend the usable life of the garment as the baby grows.

Abstract: An infant care unit of the type comprising means for controlling the environment in which the infant resides includes one or more sensors spaced apart from the infant to sense a physiological parameter and provide a sensor output, the controlling means being responsive to the sensor output to change the environment or provide an alarm or other indication of the parameter. The sensors include one or more of an infrared sensor for sensing the infant's temperature, cameras coupled to video processing software for sensing respiration rate, heart rate or skin perfusion, microphones coupled to audio processing software for sensing respiration rate, breathing difficulty, or infant distress. Speakers are provided for cancelling noise or providing audio signals to the infant. The camera, microphone and speakers are capable of being coupled to a computer network for remote monitoring of the infant.

Abstract: A device for monitoring the breath of a user includes a tub containing a liquid for at least partially immersing the user in the liquid and a weight sensor positioned to sense weight information of the user while the user is at least partially immersed in the liquid. A controller is operably connected to the weight sensor to receive the weight information and is adapted to dynamically determine at least one of a respiratory phase of the user and a respiratory amplitude of the user using changes in the weight information over a period of time resulting from buoyancy changes of the user. The respiratory phase and/or the respiratory amplitude can be utilized to detect volitional breath commands, to detect pain thresholds of the user, to provide breath synchronized manipulations to the user, and to provide breath synchronized coaching signals to the user.

Abstract: Resilient attachment members interconnect a pair of flat plates of a movement detector pad and are preferably disposed in the corners of these flat plates. A piezoelectric transducer is disposed centrally between the plates to generate signals when the plates move with respect to one another. In one embodiment the resilient attachment members each have a connector pin which is connected to one of the plates and extends into a pin receiving hollow node formed in the other plates and projecting above an inner surface of the other plate. The end of the connector pin has lateral projections to engage within the node when both plates are spaced apart a predetermined distance by the pressure of helical springs which are disposed about each pin and its associated node. During movement of the pin within the node the pin is in substantially friction free movement whereby not to corrupt the movement signal generated by the piezoelectric crystal.

Abstract: An active medical device having an improved discrimination between an awake phase of a patient and a sleep phase of a patient. This device measures a physiological parameter of a patient, delivers a physiological signal with a slow time response variation, in particular a signal of minute-ventilation (signal MV), and detects whether the patient is in a phase of awakening or sleep. An average (VE) of the signal MV is calculated over a given number of respiratory cycle and compared with a predetermined threshold (Threshold MV), such that a first state of awakening is determined when the average is higher than the threshold, and a first state of sleep is determined in the contrary case. The device also measures patient activity (signal G), using a signal having a short response time.

Abstract: A data input device uses a palatal plate formed of resin that includes multiple sensors. The sensors detect whether the palatal plate is in contact with the tongue or not. An output (on-off) of the sensor is supplied to an IC. The data corresponding to the output of the sensor, i.e. a form of the tongue-palate contact, are transmitted from the IC through an antenna to an external equipment.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a system and a method for the automatic evaluation of the indexes of volemic status (Systolic Pressure Variation or SPV) in patients submitted to mechanic ventilation, starting form the analysis of the variations of the values of blood pressure.

Abstract: A thin pressure sensor includes: a pair of external electrodes, which are respectively made of conductive thin films that are respectively provided with piezoelectric layers on inner sides; and a single internal electrode, made of a conductive thin film, which is sealed between the pair of external electrodes, one of the pair of external electrodes having a conducting window that conducts to said internal electrode. The thin pressure sensor has a simple and thin structure with sufficient durability and mechanical strength.

Abstract: An indicating apparatus includes a strap for being worn by a user and having a variable condition that changes during the inspiration and expiration phases, respectively, of a respiratory cycle of the user. The strap has a sensor that senses the variable condition and generates electrical output indicative of the variable condition during the inspiration and expiration phases. A signaling device of the indicating apparatus produces a tactile vocalization signal in response to the electrical output that is generated during the expiration phase and produces a tactile pause signal in response to the electrical output that is generated during the inspiration phase. The vocalization and pause signals prompt the user, over a plurality of respiratory cycles, to properly synchronize speaking with the expiration phases and pauses in speaking with the inspiration phases.

Abstract: A movement sensitive mattress has a plurality of independent, like movement sensors for measuring movement at different locations on the mattress to generate a plurality of independent movement signals. The signals are processed to derive respiratory variables including rate, phase, maximum effort or heart rate. Such variables can be combined to derive one or more diagnostic variables including apnea and labored breathing classifications.

Abstract: A meat-free, algae-free, standardized, test meal kit used in the measurement of delayed gastric emptying is provided. The kit contains at least a standardized test meal dry mix and tracer. A method of using the kit is also provided.

Abstract: A movement sensitive mattress (2) is disclosed that has a plurality of independent like movement sensors (5) for measuring movement at different locations on the mattress to generate a plurality of movement signals. The signals are processed to derive respiratory variables including rate, phase, maximum effort and heartrate. Such variables can be combined to derive one or more diagnostic variables including apnea and laboured breathing classifications.

Abstract: In a method for respiration-dependent triggering of a data acquisition event in an imaging procedure, a navigation system is employed in order to reproduce the position of a body part moving due to respiration on a scale, particularly a linear scale. Triggering for the exposure of an image ensues at prescribed positions of a pointer relative to the scale, i.e. at prescribed scale values.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring and/or quantitatively measuring a patient's respiration using a flexible piezoelectric film sensor. The apparatus includes a piezoelectric film which converts acoustical waves generated by the patient's respiration into electrical signals. The piezoelectric film sensor can be used to monitor the respiration of a patient by correlating the sound generated in the patient's airway with respiratory activity. Further, the data generated by the sensor may be further analyzed by a patient monitor to diagnose respiratory conditions.

Abstract: A method of imaging a patient with an MRI scanner (10) includes imaging a region of interest of the patient with the MRI scanner (10) and acquiring image data resulting from the imaging. An image of the region of interest is reconstructed from the image data. The method also includes generating navigator echos during the imaging, collecting the navigator echos and deriving, from each navigator echo, a measurement of patient motion experience during the imaging. A historical record of the measurements is maintained. Parameters for the acquisition of image data are selected to compensate for motion, or specific image data is selected for reconstruction, based on the historical record.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a subject (7) in a vehicle seat (6), the method including: a) acquiring a target signal from the subject with a piezoelectric transducer (1) provided in or on the vehicle seat; b) processing the target signal to extract a cardiac signal (24) and/or a respiratory signal (25); and c) outputting the cardiac and/or respiratory signal. A method of monitoring a subject including: a) acquiring a target signal from the subject; b) bandpass filtering (27) the target signal in accordance with a set of cardiac filter coefficients to extract a cardiac signal (24); c) bandpass filtering (30) the target signal in accordance with a set of respiratory filter coefficients to extract a respiratory signal (25); d) adapting (29, 33) the set of cardiac filter coefficients so as to reduce artefacts in the cardiac signal; e) adapting (50, 32) the set of respiratory filter coefficients so as to reduce artefacts in the respiratory signal; and f) outputting the cardiac and respiratory signal signals.

Abstract: Resilient attachment members interconnect a pair of flat plates of a movement detector pad and are preferably disposed in the corners of these flat plates. A piezoelectric transducer is disposed centrally between the plates to generate signals when the plates move with respect to one another. In one embodiment the resilient attachment members each have a connector pin which is connected to one of the plates and extends into a pin receiving hollow node formed in the other plates and projecting above an inner surface of the other plate. The end of the connector pin has lateral projections to engage within the node when both plates are spaced apart a predetermined distance by the pressure of helical springs which are disposed about each pin and its associated node. During movement of the pin within the node the pin is in substantially friction free movement whereby not to corrupt the movement signal generated by the piezoelectric crystal.

Abstract: A combination thermal and vibration sensor for use in sleep monitoring equipment comprises a thin film of plastic exhibiting both pyroelectric and piezoelectric properties. By providing a layer of foam material covering only a predetermined portion of one major surface of the film layer, it is found that the thermal mass of the sensor is changed to the point where the pyroelectric signal can be more readily isolated from the piezoelectric signal using conventional signal processing techniques. Because the layer of foam material is not present on a remaining portion of the piezo/pyro film, the signal output due to the film's piezoelectric properties is not unduly dampened and attenuated.

Abstract: A method and system for physiological monitoring using a microprocessor-enhanced magnetic field sensor to measure the mechanical effects of body motion is described. The measurements may be used for a variety of applications, such as detection of respiration, cardiac rhythms, and blood pressure. The source or detector may be made sufficiently small so as to be implantable. The system is sufficiently sensitive to provide output data for very small movements.

Abstract: Disclosed is a neck seal for use in a volume displacement plethysmograph for investigating pulmonary function of infants. The neck seal includes particulate material entrapped in a space between two layers of flexible sheets. The two flexible sheets have aligned openings to allow an infant's neck to be located therein. The sheets are sealed together around the openings and along a closed figure extending around the openings, thereby forcing the space closed. The seal becomes rigid when a vacuum is applied to the space.

Abstract: A monitoring system for monitoring wearers of respiratory equipment and a mobile part and to a base station for use in such a system. To reduce the risks for wearers of respiratory equipment, system data are continuously transmitted to a base station by a mobile part which is attached to a compressed-air breathing apparatus and which has a radio transmitter. Alarm and warning signals are visually and/or audibly communicated both to the wearer of the respiratory equipment and to a monitoring person as a function of the system data.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a disposable sensor for monitoring and measuring the respiration of a patient. The disposable sensor includes at least one flexible ribbon adapted to encircle a portion (e.g., the chest or abdomen) of the patient. Each flexible ribbon includes a conductor strip secured thereto. The conductor strip extends in a zig-zag or other predetermined pattern. The disposable sensor also includes a connector assembly for connecting and securing a first free end of the ribbon to a second free end of the ribbon. The connector assembly is operatively coupled to the conductor, and is further adapted to be connected to a monitoring device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a neck seal for use in a volume displacement plethysmograph for investigating pulmonary function of infants. The neck seal includes particulate material entrapped in a space between two layers of flexible sheets. The two flexible sheets have aligned openings to allow an infant's neck to be located therein. The sheets are sealed together around the openings and along a closed figure extending around the openings, thereby forcing the space closed. The seal becomes rigid when a vacuum is applied to the space.

Abstract: An apnea monitor and alarm for monitoring the breathing of an individual and for sounding an alarm in response to an interruption in the cyclical rhythm of breathing is disclosed. The monitor and alarm includes a respiration detector, an alarm and a signal processor and analyzer. The signal processor and analyzer is programmed to arm the alarm after a preselected time of cyclical breathing. The signal processor and analyzer is also programmed to sense an interruption in the breathing cycle and to actuate the alarm after a preselected period of interrupted breathing. The monitor and alarm may also include a deactivation system that recycles the program back to an initial part of the program so that the alarm is once again armed after a preselected time of continuous breathing.

Abstract: A respiration monitoring system monitors the state of disorder of the respiratory system of a sleeping patient based on the detection of respiratory body movement without the need of putting sensors directly on the patient's body. The system includes weight sensors that produce weight signals attributable to the patient's respiratory body movement. From weight signals having a frequency band of respiration, a respiratory body movement signal is produced, and the fall of blood oxygen saturation which occurs at obstructive apnea of the sleeping patient is determined based on the variation pattern of the amplitude of respiratory body movement signal. The occurrence and frequency of the fall of blood oxygen saturation are displayed on a display unit.

Abstract: An indicating apparatus includes a strap for being worn by a user and having a variable condition that changes during the inspiration and expiration phases, respectively, of a respiratory cycle of the user. The strap has a sensor that senses the variable condition and generates electrical output indicative of the variable condition during the inspiration and expiration phases. A signaling device of the indicating apparatus produces a tactile vocalization signal in response to the electrical output that is generated during the expiration phase and produces a tactile pause signal in response to the electrical output that is generated during the inspiration phase. The vocalization and pause signals prompt the user, over a plurality of respiratory cycles, to properly synchronize speaking with the expiration phases and pauses in speaking with the inspiration phases.

Abstract: The invention is an optical sensor whose output represents or measures movement of the skin of the suprasternal notch, this movement being a measure of respiratory effort. The use of a trough detector, with a time constant long compared with a breath but short compared with the interval between changes in body position, allows detection of the optical signal corresponding to zero effort. Subtraction of the trough signal from the optical signal produces a self-zeroing effort signal which automatically compensates for changes in body position. A soft, low irritant adhesive material, which may be left in place on the skin for several days, allows the sensor to be placed and removed as often as desired without injuring the skin.

Abstract: A combination breathing monitor alarm and audio baby alarm is provided that includes an attachable transmitter forming a main body of a linearly elongated, pliable chest strap of a soft and formable material that is easily wrapable about the chest of an infant. A receiver housing receiver control circuitry receiving signals transmitted by the transmitter.

Abstract: A method for calibrating non-invasive breathing monitors with sensors placed on the rib-cage and abdomen of a subject includes determining an initial scaling factor and an optimal multiplicative factor for the readings of the rib-cage and abdomen sensors using one of a least squares, linear regression, or multi-linear regression techniques. A current scaling factor is determined on a periodic basis using qualitative device calibration techniques. The current scaling factor is used to monitor breathing and diagnose obstructive apneas. Furthermore, the optimal multiplicative and the current scaling factor are used to determine the current tidal volume.