Abstract: A method and system for providing a user with virtual objects within an environment, characterizing interactions with the virtual objects using a brain computer interface, and modulating features of the virtual objects based upon improved classifiers associated with the interactions. The method and system can be used to rapidly customize virtual objects to a specific user in applications related to increasing engagement with traditional and new media content, virtual and augmented reality products, streamlining interactions with input devices in digital and physical environments, providing user authentication tools, providing more secure cybersecurity features, and delivering tailored content to users.

Abstract: A step of extracting components of one or more frequency bands from a first section of an EEG; a step of calculating a first index for each of the components of one or more frequency bands, wherein the first index is calculated based on a degree to which a magnitude of each of the components of one or more frequency bands with respect to a magnitude of a predetermined reference component in the first section exceeds a predetermined threshold value; a step of calculating a probability value for each of one or more patient statuses from the first index for each of the components of one or more frequency bands using a trained artificial neural network; and a step of determining the consciousness level of the patient based on the probability value for each of the one or more calculated patient statuses.

Abstract: Embodiments for managing user concentration in a work environment are described. Information associated with a user is received. At least one characteristic of a task of the user is identified based on the information associated with the user. A concentration risk level associated with the user performing the task is determined based on the at least one characteristic of the task. A computing environment associated with the user performing the task is provided based on based on the concentration risk level.

Abstract: A phototherapy or BRT process and apparatus is provided, which, using a pre-recorded bioresonance frequency or compilation of frequencies, causes an EMR emitter to emit within a biological window of a target organism to positively or negatively affect the organism. The EMR may be generated in one or more LEDs by a device connected to a controller of the EMR emitter which device provides the pre-recorded bioresonance frequency or compilation of frequencies to control the LEDs' emitted light in terms of its intensity and/or a frequency or flicker-rate.

Abstract: A method, comprising receiving a time series of patient body signal, determining first and second sliding time windows for the time series; applying an autoregression algorithm, comprising: applying an autoregression analysis to each of the first and second windows, yielding autoregression coefficients and a residual variance for each window; estimating a parameter vector for each window based on the autoregression coefficients and residual variances; and determining a difference between the parameter vectors; and determining seizure onset and seizure termination based on the difference between the parameter vectors. A non-transitory computer readable program storage unit encoded with instructions that, when executed by a computer, perform the method.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment providing one or more improvements includes apparatus and methods for sensing electrical activity in tissue of a person in a manner which is substantially limits or eliminates interference from noise in a surrounding environment.

Abstract: A method implements content selection using psychological factors. A person vector is generated from a record. The person vector identifies a set of data representing a person. A psychological factor vector is generated from a content of a plurality of content. The psychological factor vector identifies a set of psychological factors from the content. The person vector and the psychological factor vector are combined to generate an input vector. An action score is generated from the input vector. The action score identifies a probability of an action on the content by the person. The content is selected from the plurality of content using the action score. The content is presented.

Abstract: A method, computer system, and a computer program product for managing a plurality of electronic devices controlling access to one or more hazards in a physical environment. The present invention may include detecting a plurality of brain-wave patterns associated with a user. The present invention may then, in response to detecting motion of the user and the plurality of brain-wave patterns associated with the user matching a pattern, include operating at least one electronic device to disable access to a corresponding hazard. The present invention may further include operating the at least one electronic device to enable access to the corresponding hazard based on receiving input from the user to enable the at least one electronic device, wherein the input being received from the user is in response to prompting the user to correctly respond to a question previously answered by the user.

Abstract: Methods involving interpreting signals from a brain-machine interface (BMI) are described, as well as methods involving adjusting an implanted or wearable BMI device. The method includes receiving neural signals from a brain of a subject into a BMI decoder. The method includes determining an activity change of the subject based on a sensor. The method includes routing the neural signals from a first model to a second model in the BMI decoder based on the determined activity change. The method includes translating, using the second model in the BMI decoder, the neural signals into a command. The method includes sending the command to a controller.

Abstract: Disclosed are a brain-computer interface based robotic arm self-assisting system and method. The system comprises a sensing layer, a decision-making layer and an execution layer. The sensing layer comprises an electroencephalogram acquisition and detection module and a visual identification and positioning module and is used for analyzing and identifying the intent of a user and identifying and locating positions of a corresponding cup and the user's mouth based on the user intent. The execution layer comprises a robotic arm control module that performs trajectory planning and control for a robotic arm based on an execution instruction received from a decision-making module.

Abstract: A method, system and processes to develop a patient tailored music therapy based on Indian Classical Music compositions to treat ASD (Autistic Spectrum Disorders) and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is described. According to this present invention there is provided a method to develop a tailored music therapy for treating patients suffering from ASD (Autistic Spectrum Disorders) and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) based on the patient's response and a system to measure response of the patient to music therapy and mindfulness inputs. This invention comprises of a process to determine suitable Indian Classical Music compositions playlist for use in treating the patient (FIG. 1) followed by further tuning of the selections allowable note levels, ramp up and ramp down times to and from allowable note levels, melody hold times and rhythm pattern selection to develop an optimum waveform (FIG.

Abstract: A method facilitates altering consciousness by transcranial stimulation to adjust the membrane potential duration of sensory cortex dendritic spine necks. Sensory cortex spine neck membranes are conscious. The method comprises the steps of placing electrodes on or near a scalp; applying electric fields to spine neck membranes in sensory cortex; adjusting stimulation parameters; and altering consciousness for a predetermined duration.

Abstract: The disclosed biopotential measurement device may include a front end comprising a biopotential measurement sensor and a back end comprising a processor programmed to process biopotential signals detected by the biopotential measurement sensor. The biopotential measurement device may also include an isolation circuit that, during at least a sampling phase of the biopotential measurement sensor, electrically isolates the front end from the back end. Various other methods, systems, and computer-readable media are also disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for identifying sleep states of a subject are provided. In some aspects, the method includes acquiring physiological data from a subject over a sleep period using sensors positioned about the subject, and assembling the physiological data into time-series datasets. The method also includes selecting a temporal window in which signals associated with the time-series datasets are substantially stationary, computing a time bandwidth product based on a selected spectral resolution and the selected temporal window, and determining a number of tapers using the computed time bandwidth product. The method further includes computing a spectrogram using the determined number of tapers and the time-series datasets, analyzing the spectrogram to identify signatures of sleep in the subject, and generating, using the identified signatures, a report indicative of sleep states of the subject.

Abstract: A method comprising detecting an epileptic event in a patient; applying an electrical therapy to a first target area in at least one of a brain region or a cranial nerve of said patient in response to said detecting; receiving a body signal responsive to the electrical therapy, wherein said body signal is selected from an autonomic signal, a neurologic signal, a metabolic signal, an endocrine signal, or a tissue stress marker signal; determining whether said body signal indicates that said electrical therapy has an efficacious effect; and terminating the application of said electrical therapy if the response indicates that the electrical therapy has an efficacious effect. An apparatus capable of performing the method. A non-transitive, computer-readable storage device for storing data that when executed by a processor, perform the method.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods that enable access control for digital objects based on measured physiological signals of a user. A method of operation of a human mind interface (HMI) system includes measuring, via a physiological sensor of a HMI device, a brain pattern of a user while the user retrieves a digital object after training. The method includes identifying, via a processor of the HMI device, the measured brain pattern stored in a memory of the HMI device, and determining, via the processor, the digital object stored in the memory that is associated with the identified brain pattern. The method includes accessing, via the processor, the digital object and retrieving information contained in the digital object and providing, via the processor of the HMI device, the information contained in the digital object to a recipient on behalf of the user.

Abstract: There are described headphones comprising earcups to be placed about ears of a user, with a headband linking the earcups and to be extending above a head of the user. A flexible band distinct from the headband is secured below the headband for contact with the head of the user. Removable headband sensors are embedded in the flexible band and have a portion thereof protruding downwardly from the flexible band to reach the scalp. The flexible band has a flexibility which makes the flexible band deform under the weight of the earcups to conform with the head of the user to ensure high quality contact between the headband electrodes and the scalp. There are further provided earcup electrodes on the earcups for contact with a region on or behind an ear of the user. Signals from the electrodes can be used for different purposes such as concentration monitoring and feedback.

Abstract: Provided are systems and methods for dynamically determining a discipline-specific knowledge value of an agent. In one example, the method may include receiving from an agent, via a computing device, a formulation of content that corresponds to an inquiry, determining a knowledge value for the agent based on one or more of the content and a property of the inquiry with respect to a dynamically defined solution to the inquiry, and storing the determined knowledge value of the agent within a storage device.

Abstract: Systems and method may be used for interfacing with a patient. Systems may include a plurality of electrodes in electrical communication with a processor. The processor may be configured to receive sense signals from electrodes and to determine the reliability of the received signal. A test tone signal comprising a test tone frequency may be applied, and the magnitude of the test tone frequency may be analyzed in the received signal. If it is determined that the magnitude of the test tone frequency is below a threshold, the system may take action, such as lowering the gain on an amplifier. Stimulation signals may be applied to the patient at a stimulation frequency simultaneously with one or both of receiving sense signals and providing the test tone signal.

Abstract: Embodiments generally relate to improving education and training sessions. In some embodiments, a method includes determining an attentiveness level associated with a first user during a learning session. The method further includes determining one or more drops in the attentiveness level during the learning session. The method further includes tracking inattentiveness information associated with the one or more drops in the attentiveness level. The method further includes performing one or more corrective actions in response to the one or more drops in the attentiveness level based at least in part on the inattentiveness information.

Abstract: A system and method for identifying individuals that compatibly contribute to high-performing teams is disclosed. Teams may range in size and complexity from a two-person team of roommates to many hundreds in a commercial product development team. Candidates for new or existing teams are identified by matching brainwave response of candidates to the brainwave signature of high-performing, compatible teams. The stimuli of stimulus datasets are rapidly presented to candidates and sensed by any of the five human senses. The signature of a team type is a set of brainwave response characteristics extracted from one or more high-performing, compatible exemplar teams presented with the stimulus dataset and is also distinctly different from other team types or the general population. Closeness of fit between a candidate's brainwave response and the signature of the exemplar team provides an indication of the likely compatible fit and contribution of a candidate to a high-performing team.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems, and methods are provided for generating a quantified indicator of cognitive skills in an individual. In certain configurations, the apparatus, systems, and methods can be implemented for enhancing cognitive skills in an individual.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for controlling electronic devices based on detected brain activity. For example, a system includes a wearable over-the-ear electronic device has a set of dry EEG sensors, a camera, a processor, and programming instructions. The programming instructions cause the processor to receive images from the camera, process the images to identify features corresponding to a known device, and receive brain-wave signals from the EEG sensors. The system compares the brain-wave signals to measure a level of brain activity. Upon detection of both (a) a feature corresponding to the known device and (b) a level of brain activity that deviates from a baseline by at least a threshold level, the system generates a command signal configured to cause the known device to actuate and transmits the command signal to a controller for the known device.

Abstract: A method of transplanting a desired emotional state from a donor to a recipient, comprising determining an emotional state of the donor; recording neural correlates of the emotional state of the donor who is in the desired emotional state; analyzing neural correlates of the emotional state of the donor to decode at least one of a temporal and a spatial pattern corresponding to the desirable emotional state; converting said at least one of a temporal and a spatial pattern corresponding to the desirable emotional state into a neurostimulation pattern; storing the neurostimulation pattern in the nonvolatile memory; retrieving the neurostimulation pattern from the nonvolatile memory; stimulating the recipients brain with at least one stimulus modulated with the neurostimulation pattern to induce the desired emotional state in the recipient.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating an image using brain wave signals includes a sensor configured to collect brain wave signals of at least one passenger in a mobility from a plurality of channels for a predetermined time, and a controller configured to generate a first image from the brain wave signals collected from the plurality of channels using an artificial intelligence model, to select at least one second image included in a predetermined list based on the generated first image, and to control the mobility as a response to the selected second image.

Abstract: An electrography system includes an array of conductive electrodes configured to be arranged into two or more spatially separated layers and generate respective electrode signals collectively conveying surface-parallel components and surface-orthogonal components of a pattern of physiological electrical activity sensed by the electrodes. The system further includes signal processing circuitry configured and operative to receive the electrode signals and to generate, based on the surface-parallel and surface-orthogonal components, a set of electrography signals representing the pattern of electrical activity; and a recording component configured and operative to record the electrography signals in a manner enabling application-specific use thereof.

Abstract: The invention encompasses systems and methods allowing for minimally invasive insertion and functional optimization of implantable electrode arrays designed for placement within the subgaleal space to record brain electrical activity. The implantable arrays comprise a support structure capable of being implanted in the subgaleal space and comprising at least one reference element; at least one ground element; and one or more recording elements; and wherein said array is capable of detecting and/or transmitting a subgaleal electrical signal.

Abstract: Wearable apparatus for monitoring various physiological and environmental factors are provided. Real-time, noninvasive health and environmental monitors include a plurality of compact sensors integrated within small, low-profile devices, such as earpiece modules. Physiological and environmental data is collected and wirelessly transmitted into a wireless network, where the data is stored and/or processed.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to the field of electronic communications and the transmittance of such communications. More specifically, the invention discloses a new and useful method for delivering a therapeutic through an eco-system of digital content based on a user-mapped EMS. The method comprises: receiving a text input comprising message content from an electronic computing device associated with a user; parsing the message content comprised in the text input for emotionally-charged language; assigning a sentiment value, based on the emotionally-charged language, from a dynamic sentiment value spectrum to the text input; and, based on the sentiment value, imposing a sentiment vector, corresponding to the assigned sentiment value, to the text input, the imposed sentiment vector rendering a sensory effect on the message content designed to convey a corresponding sentiment.

Abstract: A machine learning apparatus that can quantitatively and accurately evaluate the state of a cable in a robot. A machine learning apparatus for learning a state of a cable mounted in a robot includes a learning data acquisition section that acquires, as a learning data set, image data of the cable captured by a camera while the robot performs a predetermined operation, and data representing a state of the cable while the robot performs the predetermined operation, and a learning section that generates a learning model representing a correlation between the image data and the state of the cable, using the learning data set.

Abstract: Stimulation lead includes an elongated lead body having distal and proximal ends and wire conductors extending therebetween. The stimulation lead also includes a lead paddle having a multi-dimensional array of electrodes positioned along a contact side of the lead paddle. The electrodes are electrically coupled to the wire conductors. The lead paddle includes a paddle body and a conductor organizer disposed within the paddle body. The conductor organizer has multiple channels extending along the lead paddle. The channels receive the wire conductors and retain the wire conductors in a designated arrangement with respect to the lead paddle. The conductor organizer has openings to the channels. The wire conductors extend through the openings and are terminated to the respective electrodes.

Abstract: The invention encompasses systems and methods allowing for minimally invasive insertion and functional optimization of implantable electrode arrays designed for placement within the subgaleal space to record brain electrical activity. The implantable arrays comprise a support structure capable of being implanted in the subgaleal space and comprising at least one reference element; at least one ground element; and one or more recording elements; and wherein said array is capable of detecting and/or transmitting a subgaleal electrical signal.

Abstract: A device that may include, or communicate with, sensors such as an electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor, an accelerometer, and/or a photoplethysmograph (PPG) detects sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) events of a patient based on signals from the sensors. The device may have a processor configured to make the detection(s). In an example, the processor may access a memory with processor control instructions. The instructions may be adapted to configure the processor to carry out the detection methodology. The method may include analysing an ECG data of the patient from a signal generated by the ECG sensor, pulse oximetry data of the patient from a signal generated by the PPG, and a three-dimensional (3D) accelerometry data of the patient from a signal generated by the accelerometer to detect the SDB events. The device and methods may be used for screening, diagnosis and monitoring of respiratory disorders.

Abstract: Provided is a head photic stimulation device including: a brain wave amplifier which subjects the subject brain waves acquired using a brain wave sensor to A/D conversion and amplification; a control signal generation circuit which, based on an output signal from the brain wave amplifier, generates a control signal for controlling LED driving; and a light irradiation unit which is driven based on an output from the control signal generation circuit, and which includes an LED for irradiating a head. The control signal generation circuit includes a band-pass filter for filtering an input signal, a DSP (signal processing) unit for controlling a signal that has passed through the band-pass filter, and a light irradiation output unit using a near-infrared LED for irradiating the head. The DSP unit has a feedback function for matching a phase of a PWM output for controlling the light irradiation output unit, in synchronism with the subject brain waves.

Abstract: A structured testing method for diagnostic or therapy support of a patient with a chronic disease and devices thereof are disclosed which implement a structured collection procedure based on a medical use case and/or question which provides at least one or more parameters defining entry criterion, a schedule of events, adherence criterion, and exit criterion. The entry criterion establish conditions needed to be met prior to obtaining biomarker data from the patient. Each event can include one or more of a performance time, patient guidance to perform the event, a request for information from the patient a request for patient action, and a request for collection of biomarker data from the patient. The adherence criterion can be used to assess whether an event performed is acceptable to addressing the medical use case and/or question, and the exit criterion establishes conditions needed to be met prior to exiting the collection procedure.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods for receiving signals from a human subject's head includes a headset having a plurality of electroencephalographic “(EEG”) electrodes associated therewith for facilitating receiving EEG signals from the subject's head and at least one ear clip configured to be releasably secured to the subject's ear(s).

Abstract: Stimulation lead includes an elongated lead body having distal and proximal ends and wire conductors extending therebetween. The stimulation lead also includes a lead paddle having a multi-dimensional array of electrodes positioned along a contact side of the lead paddle. The electrodes are electrically coupled to the wire conductors. The lead paddle includes a paddle body and a conductor organizer disposed within the paddle body. The conductor organizer has multiple channels extending along the lead paddle. The channels receive the wire conductors and retain the wire conductors in a designated arrangement with respect to the lead paddle. The conductor organizer has openings to the channels. The wire conductors extend through the openings and are terminated to the respective electrodes.

Abstract: To enhance safety in vehicle operation. An evaluation device according to the present technology includes a communication unit capable of communicating with a vehicle, and a control unit that performs an evaluation of a state related to sensing of danger by a user on the basis of an electroencephalogram of the user detected by an electroencephalogram sensor, and causes the communication unit to transmit evaluation result information to the vehicle. That is, for example, on the basis of an electroencephalogram of a user such as a driver of a vehicle, evaluation of a state related to sensing of danger such as whether or not the user has sensed a danger is performed, and evaluation result information is transmitted to the vehicle side.

Abstract: A method reducing a motion sickness effect associated with a rendering of a video on a virtual reality device includes: extracting, from a portion of the video, at least one motion parameter that relates to a motion of a camera used for capturing the video, determining, based on the extracted at least one motion parameter, at least one motion sickness reduction scheme to be applied to the video, and dynamically rendering the video to the virtual reality device by applying the determined motion sickness scheme to the portion of the video.

Abstract: Provided is a method for enhancing cognitive function based on individual cognitive frequency resonance that intentionally and selectively enhances a specific cognitive function by resonating with brain waves through brain stimulation using an electric current of the same frequency or waveform as individual cognitive frequency generated during a cognitive task, and the method includes executing, by a subject, a cognitive task.

Abstract: A method of providing vagus nerve stimulation to a user is provided. The method includes the step of prompting, via a first audio cue emitted by an earpiece worn by a user, the user to inhale at a first point in time. The method may further include the step of prompting, via a second audio cue emitted by the earpiece, the user to exhale at a second point in time. The method may further include the step of stimulating a vagus nerve of the user with a first electrical signal generated by the earpiece at the second point in time. The first electrical signal may be applied to a concha of an ear of the user. The first electrical signal may be applied to an ear canal of the user. The first electrical signal may be applied to a tragus of the user.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method for prediction of cortical spiking neural signal, comprising the following steps: 1) pretreatment of spiking neural signal, 2) modeling of posterior cortical spiking neural signal generation probability, 3) model accuracy measurement, 4) model optimization with the help of numerical gradient descent and 5) prediction of posterior cortical spiking neural signal with iterative calculation. The prediction method aims to incorporate natural features of point process of spiking neural signal into the target for optimization of prediction model to improve model's capability in predicting neural spike trains.

Abstract: A training and simulation assembly for the learning of deliberate control of a specified body part by a test subject contains an electrode cap, which has a number of electrodes, and an evaluation unit, which is configured to measure voltages present at the electrodes and to provide measurement results as EEG measurement data. The evaluation unit analyzes the EEG measurement data for the presence of a mental act and to determine a correspondence value, which indicates the correspondence of the EEG measurement data with reference values defined by the mental act. A control unit and a simulation unit are provided. The simulation unit stimulates the body of the test subject at a specified point of the body and/or to trigger a motion. The control unit controls the stimulation unit and the ability to apply an indicating stimulus to the body part by the stimulation unit.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to manipulating electrical activity in the brain of a subject to facilitate wakefulness. The system comprises: a sensory stimulator; a sensor configured to generate output signals conveying information related to brain activity, activity of the central nervous system, and/or activity of the peripheral nervous system of the subject; and a processor configured to: receive a target wake-up moment for the subject; determine one or more activity parameters of the subject during the sleep session; determine whether the one or more activity parameters indicate the subject is in deep sleep a predetermined amount of time before the target wake-up moment; and, responsive to the one or more activity parameters indicating the subject is in deep sleep, cause the one or more sensory stimulators to guide the activity parameters and facilitate/accelerate a transition from deep sleep to light sleep before the target wake-up moment.

Abstract: A system includes an implantable body configured for implantation in a subgaleal extracranial position, the implantable body including a first electrode array including a first elongated body comprising first and second electrode contacts separated from one another by a distance selected to facilitate the detection of brain electrical activity and a unit coupled to the first electrode array. The unit includes a processor analyzing the detected brain electrical activity to determine whether an epileptic event has occurred and generating epileptic event data based on this determination and a transceiver controlled by the processor to wirelessly transmit epileptic event data to and from a remote computing device.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a physiological signal wireless transmission system which is compatible with a magnetic resonance system. The physiological signal wireless transmission system comprises an implantable sensing device, and a power relay device wirelessly connected to the implantable sensing device. The implantable sensing device comprises a sensing module including at least one sensor, a data transmission module coupled to the sensing module, and a power receiving module coupled to the sensing module and the data transmission module. On the other hand, the power relay device comprising a data transmission antenna wirelessly connected to the data transmission module, a first microprocessor connected to the data transmission antenna, a display module connected to the first microprocessor, a power transmitting antenna wirelessly connected to the power receiving module, and a power emitting module coupled to the power transmitting antenna.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device that is intended to synchronize electroencephalograms (EEGs), recorded by any digital equipment, to physical events (sensorial, visual or auditory stimuli) and behavioral events (motor response, vocal response), in order to allow EEG signal mediation for the purpose of visualizing Evoked Potentials or Event-Related Potentials, which are important research subjects in the neurosciences and clinical investigations into neurological and psychiatric pathologies. This invention allows any digital EEG device to be transformed into equipment that can record Evoked Potentials. This invention also provides a method for analog synchronization of EEGs with oscillating electric light-related events and motor behaviors.

Abstract: This invention, which focuses on personality and aptitude matching by psychophysiologic response to stimuli, is referred to as Brain Matching. In general terms, this invention starts by selecting highly specialized skill sets and top performer group for each skill set. The various groups are analyzed though psychophysiologic stimuli testing by using basically the same testing consisting of large numbers stimuli tests in a consistent testing environment. Stimuli tests can range from hundreds to thousands of images each producing a brainwave response. Neural Networks, Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning computers look at the test results, highly specialized group by other highly specialized group to reduce the groups signature/response commonality into a template. Test subjects are then tested using the same stimuli. The subject's test results are analyzed for correlation with the various specialized expert groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for characterising the sleep of an individual, the characterisation system comprising: a measuring device for measuring a brain activity signal representing the brain waves; a central electronic unit for identifying, in a range of frequencies of between 9 and 16 Hz, a smaller range of sleep spindles of the individual, the smaller range of sleep spindles comprising the brain wave frequencies of the sleeping individual, having an amplitude higher than 15 ?V and a duration of between 0.5 seconds and 2 seconds, and comparing, with a threshold, at least one parameter of the brain activity signal of the awake individual in the range of frequencies corresponding to the smaller range of sleep spindles; and a communication interface connected to the central unit and used to emit a warning signal perceptible by the individual when the parameter of the brain activity signal in the range of frequencies corresponding to the smaller range of sleep spindles exceeds the threshold.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and techniques for providing neurofeedback and for training brain wave function are provided. Example embodiments provide a Brain Training Feedback System (“BTFS”), which enables participants involved in brain training activities to learn to evoke/increase or suppress/inhibit certain brain wave activity based upon the desired task at hand. In one embodiment, the BTFS provides a brain/computer interaction feedback loop which monitors and measures EEG signals (brain activity) received from participant and provides feedback to participant. The BTFS may use an FFT based system or machine learning engines to deconstruct and classify brain wave signals. The machine learning based BTFS enable optimized feedback and rewards, adaptive feedback, and an ability to trigger interventions to assist in desired brain transitions.