Abstract: An anchor system for securing a vascular access device to a patient may include an anchor pad, which may include a lower surface, an upper surface, and a window extending through the anchor pad. The system may also include the vascular access device, which may include a body and a stabilization platform extending from the body. The anchor pad may be coupled to and extend distally from the stabilization platform.

Abstract: A medical device securement system is configured to secure medical devices such as catheters in place. The securement system includes an anchor pad that attaches to a patient's skin. A malleable support base is attached to an upper surface of the anchor pad. The support base has front and back inclined surfaces that are separated by an offset surface that extends generally normal to both of the inclined surfaces. A spot of adhesive is applied to one or more of the inclined surfaces. A catheter assembly includes a connector having a first connector portion with a diameter larger than an adjacent second structure. The catheter assembly is attached to the support base with the first connector portion engaged with and supported by the back inclined surface, and the second connector portion engaged with and supported by the front inclined surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to systems for securing a tube (e.g. feeding tube) and/or a patient interface or a dermal patch to a user. One embodiment comprises a holder, an interface side of the holder attachable to the patient interface or the dermal patch for securing a feeding tube to the patient interface or the patch, the holder comprising at least a first channel or recess for receiving the feeding tube to couple the feeding tube to the patient interface. Another embodiment comprises a patient interface itself comprising a backing for positioning on a patient's face, a dermal patch having a patient side and an interface side, the patient side of the patch attachable to the user, the patch comprising at least a first flap portion attachable to the tube for affixing the tube to the patch, a two-part releasable connection arrangement for releasably securing the patient interface to the patch.

Abstract: A stabilization device for integrated catheters can include a platform, a pair of catheter fasteners on the platform, and a pair of stabilization wings extending from the platform. The platform can include a skin-facing side and catheter-securing side of the platform. The pair of catheter fasteners can be on the catheter-securing side of the platform. The catheter fasteners can be configured to secure a hub of an integrated catheter having an extension port. The pair of stabilization wings can extend from a transverse axis of the platform. The stabilization wings can be configured to mitigate rotation of the integrated catheter about a longitudinal axis thereof when the integrated catheter is secured by the catheter fasteners on the platform and the stabilization device is adhered to a patient. A method for stabilizing integrated catheters can include securing an integrated catheter and adhering the stabilization device to a patient's skin.

Abstract: A core-shell microneedle system and a method of manufacturing the microneedle system provides a pulsatile drug delivery system which is programmed to release drugs/vaccines at predictable times using biodegradable polymers and with controllable dosages. This microneedle system can be fully embedded into the skin and then release drugs/vaccines as sharp bursts in a timely manner, similar to multiple bolus injections.

Abstract: A pedestal for a physiological characteristic sensor assembly and a physiological characteristic sensor assembly is provided. The pedestal includes a first side opposite a second side. The pedestal includes a sidewall that interconnects the first side and the second side. The pedestal also includes a first end opposite a second end. The pedestal includes at least one post that extends from the first side adjacent to the first end to couple the pedestal to a physiological characteristic sensor of the physiological characteristic sensor assembly. The pedestal also includes a recess defined in the sidewall at the second end. The recess has a first portion in communication with a second portion. The first portion has a first length that is less than a second length of the second portion along a perimeter of the sidewall, and the second portion is positionable to apply a force to the physiological characteristic sensor.

Abstract: An on-body medical fluid injection device with adhesive assembly includes a housing, an injection needle, a skin-facing surface that faces the skin of a patient when on the patients body, a skin adhesive carried by at least a portion of the skin facing surface and a plurality of substantially contiguous folded film segments covering the skin adhesive.

Abstract: A cannula includes at least one opening at a distal tip, and further includes multiple fenestrations that are maintainable in position substantially immediately or slightly beyond a site or point of cannula entry into a vessel. The fenestrations, in combination with the opening(s) at the cannula's distal tip, enable the simultaneous perfusion of blood into the cannulated vessel along multiple directions, including opposing or anti-parallel blood flow directions relative to a central axis of the cannulated vessel. During a medical procedure (e.g., an extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) procedure) blood introduced into a vessel such as the femoral artery by way of the cannula can thus exit the cannula in a manner that provides concurrent blood flow in a first direction towards the heart and a second direction away from the heart.

Abstract: An injection port dressing assembly for covering an injection port in a patient includes a dressing that is positionable around an injection port in a patient to inhibit bacteria from accessing the injection port. The dressing has a tube opening therein to accommodate an injection tube from the injection port. A dome is provided and the dome is coupled to the dressing to cover the injection port when the dressing is placed on the patient. The dome is comprised of a translucent material to facilitate the injection port to be visible through the dome. An adhesive layer is coupled to the dressing to adhesively engage the patient's skin.

Abstract: Medical breathing tubes have a tubular body that defines a lumen extending between open terminal ends of the tubular body. An internal form is enclosed within the lumen and supportive of the tubular body. The internal form may be a coated encapsulated internal form where the coating secures the internal form to the tubular body. The internal form may provide for a series of alternative crests and troughs of the tubular body. A patient interface and/or a securement system may be attached to the tubular body.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein are directed to tubing management members and urine collection systems including such tubing management members. In an embodiment, a tubing management member may be coupled and, in some embodiments, removably coupled to a drainage tube of the urine collection system. The tubing management member may include a plurality of attachment elements for attaching the tubing management member to the drainage tube.

Abstract: A non-invasive interventional sheath securement device is used by clinicians for removably securing a sidearm of a vascular access sheath for the purpose of preventing the sheath's movement through or out of a puncture site during its deployment in an interventional medical procedure.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring a swimmer's speed and conveying the speed to the swimmer in real time includes a plurality of ultrasonic beacons each having a transducer configured to emit ultrasonic signals in a pool or other body of water within which the swimmer is swimming. A wearable, waterproof, ultrasonic receiver worn by the swimmer, receives the ultrasonic signals and generates corresponding signal data. The receiver's microcontroller captures and uses the signal data to calculate the swimmer's position and speed in real time, and conveys this information to a wearable, waterproof, user interface device worn by the swimmer, the user interface device including a near-eye display disposed on the swimmer's goggles.

Abstract: An infusion device system includes a base (12) for removably coupling to a delivery device, a needle hub (22) supporting an insertion needle (20) and a catheter (18) for delivering a substance to a patient. The infusion device includes a needle shield (24) for covering the insertion needle (20) after inserting the catheter (18) into the patient. The needle hub (22) includes a least one leg (70) extending from the needle shield (24) to stabilize the needle shield (24) and needle hub (12) relative to the base. In one embodiment, the legs (70) can include a latching tab (74) to couple to the needle hub (22) to resist separation of the needle hub from the base (12) until the legs are deflected outward to release the needle hub (22).

Abstract: A system for managing administration of insulin to a user includes an infusion pump to effect controlled delivery of insulin A user interface device displays representations of user intake items. A database stores a catalog of intake items. A programmed processing system is programmed with a baseline user insulin delivery program to make a calculation of insulin to be delivered according to the baseline insulin delivery program or according to a modified baseline insulin delivery program based upon user input data. The user provides user input using the user interface application to identify representations of any of the plurality of intake items and the processing system automatically effects delivery of insulin to the user according to the modified baseline insulin delivery program, instead of the baseline insulin delivery program.

Abstract: Embodiments include a catheter anchoring device for securing a percutaneous medical catheter inserted at a skin puncture site to a skin of a body. The catheter anchoring device may include a catheter capture portion coupled to a skin attachment portion. The catheter capture portion may be configured to engage with a portion of the catheter protruding from the skin when the catheter is subcutaneously placed in a body. The skin attachment portion may be configured to adhesively attach the anchoring device to the skin, wherein the skin attachment portion is primarily attached to the skin overlaying and lateral to the subcutaneously located catheter.

Abstract: An adhesive patch for a drug delivery device with a bacteria impermeable sterility margin surrounding an edge surface of the adhesive patch is disclosed, as well as a drug delivery device fixed to such an adhesive patch and a method of assembling a drug delivery device with such an adhesive patch. In some arrangements, the sterility margin is attached to or integral with a lower liner on a lower surface of the adhesive patch. In other arrangements, the sterility margin is attached to or integral with an upper liner on an upper surface of the adhesive patch.

Abstract: A method for managing a guidewire in preparation for a surgical operation, comprising attaching a block of resilient polymer to a coiled tube which contains a guidewire; attaching to the block of resilient polymer a card having printed information concerning the guidewire on a planar surface of the card; removing the guidewire from the coiled tube; removing the block of resilient polymer from the coiled tube while keeping the card having printed information attached to the block of resilient polymer; coiling the guidewire into a flat spiral form; capturing, in a slot formed in the block of resilient polymer, a plurality of portions of the guidewire, which portions are adjacent to and parallel with each other, thereby maintaining the guidewire in the flat spiral form.

Abstract: An intraosseous access system can include a hub coupled to a cannula that can be introduced into a bone of a patient. The system further includes a securement device that can couple with the hub when transitioned from an open orientation to a closed orientation. The securement device includes a first segment and a second segment that are spaced apart from each other when the securement device is in the open orientation and are approximated and secured to each other when the securement device is in the closed orientation. The first segment includes a first receptacle that receives a portion of the hub therein and contacts the hub to restrain movement of the hub relative to the securement device when the securement device is coupled with the hub in the closed orientation. The first segment also includes a first arm coupled to the first receptacle, the first arm biasing the first receptacle toward the hub when the securement device is coupled with the hub in the closed orientation.

Abstract: A device for snugging a balloon of a catheter against an inner wall of an intra-corporeal lumen or surface serviced by the catheter includes a hollow column having a top end and a bottom end, forming a throughway sized to accommodate a tube of the catheter, and a flange extending from the bottom end of the hollow column generally perpendicularly to length of the hollow column. A slit is formed in the hollow column and the flange through which the hollow column is connectable to the tube of the catheter. The catheter is tugged to contact the balloon to the inner wall of the lumen, and the device is fixed to the tube of the catheter atop the skin of a body serviced by the catheter to tension pressure of the balloon against the inner wall.

Abstract: Presented here is a method and system to prevent wrinkling of the wearable identification (ID) by providing a reinforcement to the wearable ID. The reinforcement can act as an interface between the wearable ID and the uniform by attaching to the wearable ID as well as to the uniform. The wearable ID can be detached from the reinforcement, and the reinforcement can be detached from the uniform. The reinforcement can include a hook-and-loop hook on one side and a hook-and-loop loop on the other side to enable attachment between the wearable ID and the uniform. The reinforcement can be made of material that is sufficiently strong to resist wrinkling, but sufficiently flexible to be able to bend in response to an applied force without breaking. Further, the reinforcement material can be fire retardant.

Abstract: A bronchoscope locking mechanism includes a clamping member and a nut. The clamping member includes a threaded portion and a clamping surface that defines a compressible channel. The compressible channel is configured for communication with a tracheal tube. The nut has an inner threaded surface configured to cooperate with the threaded portion of the clamping member. The compressible channel is compressed from a first position defining a first diameter to a second position defining a second diameter when the nut is advanced over the threaded portion. The second diameter is smaller than the first diameter.

Abstract: An apparatus for fixing a device in a selected position comprises a base having a deformable adherent material disposed thereon, and at least one stability feature associated with the base that allows the apparatus to be maintained in a location and position. The deformable adherent material substantially conforms to at least a portion of a shape of the device and removably fixes the device in the selected position. Although not limited thereto, the apparatus is useful in surgical and interventional procedures for quickly and reliably fixing a medical device such as a catheter at a selected position and orientation while allowing easy removing and repositioning of the device.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a disposable endoscope shield including a shield body member having a first surface configured to cover a treatment area of a subject and a second surface oriented towards a user of an endoscope device. The shield body member is configured with an opening extending from the first surface to the second surface for allowing the endoscope device to access an internal organ of the subject via a cavity, for performing an endoscopy. A fluid protection layer is configured between the first surface and the second surface of the shield body member, for protecting the user from fluids splattering from the internal organ of the subject during the endoscopy. The shield also includes a pocket member and is configured to a medical procedure mat.

Abstract: Some embodiments of a medical device anchor system include an anchor device that secures a medical instrument (such as a catheter or the like) in place relative to a skin penetration point using subcutaneous anchors.

Abstract: An adhesive strip that could be used for securing oral or nasal airway tubes, such as endotracheal tubes or laryngeal mask airways. The adhesive strip has an elongated shape and is coated on one side with an adhesive material. At each terminal end of the adhesive strip, there is a non-adhesive tab that is free of the adhesive material. The non-adhesive tabs facilitate removal of the adhesive strip off the release liner and/or off the patient's skin. The adhesive strip can be used by adhering onto the patient's face and wrapping it around the airway tube to secure the airway tube.

Abstract: A chest tube fastener. The chest tube fastener includes a bracket having a base. The base includes an upper surface and a lower surface with a plurality of openings formed therethrough. A handle is secured to a surface and protrudes from the upper surface of the base. The handle includes a first end opposite a second end. The first end and the second end are attached to the surface and a gap is formed in between the surface and the handle. The base is attached to an animal, such as a human and a tube is attached to the handle.

Abstract: A stabilizing apparatus for a medical device includes a housing having an aperture to receive the medical device. An engagement member is disposed in the housing. A biasing element urges the engagement member against a surface of the medical device, when the medical device is placed in the housing.

Abstract: A securement device assembly, including an adhesive layer having a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein said adhesive layer includes at least two apertures, a non-adhesive substrate secured to said bottom surface of said adhesive layer to form an integral unit, and a plurality of perforations within said integral unit.

Abstract: An infusion set component of a fluid infusion device and/or a fluid infusion port component for delivery of fluid to a patient is compatible with a cooperating fluid channel module. The fluid channel module includes a body section having coupling features to mate with a base of the component. The fluid channel module also includes an interior fluid flow channel formed within the body section to receive fluid from the fluid infusion device and/or from a syringe or pen delivery device. The fluid channel module also includes a conduit having a first end in fluid communication with the interior fluid flow channel, and having a second end to deliver the fluid to the patient.

Abstract: An access sheath assembly can include an elongate sheath for accessing an interior of an artery or vein through an access point on a patient's limb and a hub that is coupled to the elongate sheath and that includes an access port configured to provide access to an interior of the elongate sheath. The assembly includes a closure device configured to fit about the patient's limb and capable of being coupled with the hub, the closure device movable between an engaged configuration in which the closure device is coupled with the hub and thus is positioned to secure the hub relative to the patient's limb and a disengaged configuration in which the closure device is apart from the hub and extends about the patient's limb at the access point in order to provide pressure to the access point.

Abstract: An improved device delivers a fluid medicament to the subcutaneous tissue of a user. The device is better suited for patients with Parkinson's Disease and other central nervous system disorders, than conventional infusion devices. The device can include a reusable part including a drive component (e.g., motor) and control electronics and a disposable part including a medicament reservoir. Medicament can be evacuated from the medicament reservoir by a plunger assembly that includes a plunger attached to a lead screw that is rotated by a nut, all within the disposable part. The device can be fluidically coupled with the tissue via a flexible cannula. Various embodiments relate to an improved cannula insertion mechanism that delivers the cannula under a force applied by a spring. Various embodiments relate to improved filling of the device, for example, using a vial adapter and an automated filling station.

Abstract: Catheter securement dressings that aid in applying skin adhesive to a catheter insertion site are described. Catheter securement dressings can include a first dressing layer that secures a position of a catheter at a catheter insertion site following catheterization. The first dressing layer can include an access window that provides access to the catheter insertion site to allow for application of skin adhesive to the catheter insertion site. After the skin adhesive has dried, a second dressing layer can be folded over the first dressing layer to cover the access window.

Abstract: A device is provided for preventing buckling of a flexible elongate member during insertion of the flexible elongate member. The device includes a support frame comprising a first end, a second end, and multiple pairs of support members. The support frame is configured to reversibly move from a collapsed configuration to an expanded configuration when the first and second ends are moved away from each other. The device also includes multiple open channels coupled to the multiple pairs of support members of the support frame. The multiple open channels are configured to allow the flexible elongate member to be top loaded into the multiple open channels. Also, the multiple open channels are maintained in an axial alignment as the support frame is moved between the expanded and collapsed configurations.

Abstract: The present application includes a sheath that is suitable for use in a variety of medical procedures. In one or more implementations, the sheath includes a shunt member, and a curvable portion. The curvable portion may be configured in various orientations to facilitate an intervention, such as a hemodialysis intervention, or the like, by an operator. The curvable portion may be configured to bend between a substantially straight configuration and a curved configuration. In implementations, the sheath may be configured to have detachable and/or interchangeable components (e.g., shunt member, curvable portion, etc.).

Abstract: A transcutaneous connection between an exterior and an interior of a human or animal body includes a cylindrical skin penetration piece which provides a passage through the skin and has a longitudinal axis that determines the direction of passage through the skin. Wound-healing action and reliable disinfection are effected using an annular flat electrode arrangement, which has a contact surface at an angle to the longitudinal axis, can be fastened to the skin penetration piece. The electrode arrangement includes a flat electrode and a flat dielectric shielding the electrode relative to the surface of the skin, and is designed as a counter-electrode to generate a dielectric barrier plasma between the dielectric and the surface of the skin.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating myofascial and/or musculoskeletal tissue imbalances. The apparatus comprises a soft tissue mobilizing device having a front surface and a back surface. The back surface has an adhesive to adhere the device directly to the soft tissue area of a patient's body where muscle tension, aches and pain are present. The device when applied decompresses the soft tissue area being treated. The front surface includes a tab gripping mechanism to allow the patient or a therapist to grip the tab for manually lifting and shifting the soft tissue area under the mobilizing device being treated. The manual lifting and shifting of the patient's soft tissue reduces the time period for normalizing the myofascial and/or musculoskeletal tissue area being treated.

Abstract: A spinal treatment method and device are provided. The treatment method includes a catheter introduction step of inserting a balloon catheter into a treatment site between nerves extending from a spine, while being bifurcated, and a lesion area that compresses the nerves; and a treatment step of dilating a balloon, on which anti-inflammatory agent is disposed, of the balloon catheter at the treatment site, and applying the anti-inflammatory agent to the treatment site.

Abstract: Systems and methods for treating a plurality of tissue sites include a multi-port therapy unit. The multi-port therapy unit includes a plurality of patient-side ports each fluidly coupled to a plurality of conduits and a fluid reservoir fluidly coupled to the plurality of ports. A plurality of pressure sensors are associated with the plurality of patient-side ports to determining a pressure associated with each conduit. A controller is operatively coupled to the plurality of pressure sensors to receive treatment pressure data, monitor pressure for each pressure sensor of the plurality of pressure sensors, and signal an alarm condition if the pressure is outside of a pre-selected range. The system includes a reduced-pressure source fluidly coupled to a dressing at each tissue site through the multi-port therapy unit.

Abstract: A dressing system is disclosed which has a sponge and a near infrared spectroscopy sensor positioned adjacent to the sponge for monitoring oxygenation levels of tissue adjacent to the sponge. The dressing system may further include a tube coupled to the sponge for removing fluid from the sponge. The dressing system comprises: a sponge; and a tensioning system coupled to the sponge. The tensioning system further comprises a central longitudinal member coupled to the sponge; and at least one tensioning member coupled to the central longitudinal member. A sequential compression system comprises: an envelope sleeve dressing; and a bladder that is both expandable and retractable. A tissue filler system is also described and includes a plurality of tubes; wherein each of the plurality of tubes further comprises apertures; and a pump coupled to at least one of the tubes which obviates the need for any sponge or wound screen.

Abstract: A catheter management system comprises several layers where a top layer has one or more channels to receive one or more elongated medical devices or members and a bottom layer comprises adhesive to secure the catheter management system to a patient or other secure site in the operating field. A firm upper surface causes the elongated medical devices or members to stay in the channels, whereas a firm inner layer facilitates maintaining the shape of the catheter management system and providing resistance for an operator to easily release an elongated medical device or member.

Abstract: A catheter covering device with at least a sleeve and an adhesive film is provided. The catheter covering device may further include a water indicator attached to the adhesive film and a desiccant paper attached to the water indicator. The adhesive film may include a larger diameter than the water indicator and the desiccant paper. Thereby the adhesive film is exposed around the circumference of the water indicator and desiccant paper. A catheter may be inserted into the sleeve and the adhesive film may be adhered to a user's skin. The catheter covering device may thereby protect the catheter from the elements. If moisture enters the catheter covering device, the desiccant paper may absorb the moisture and activate the water indicator, indicating to the user that the catheter covering device has been contaminated.

Abstract: A skin insertion mechanism includes a needle fixedly positioned in a needle holder with a connector (or connective means) to an injection or analysis system having a skin attachment plate coated with an adhesive layer and a spacer mechanism kept in the ready-to-use position, the skin attachment plate is spaced away from a needle support covering the needle. Subcutaneous insertion of the needle is effected by attachment of the adhesive layer to the skin and releasing the spacer mechanism by applying a pre-set trigger point pressure against the skin.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring and delivering medication to a patient includes a controller that has a control algorithm and a closed loop control that monitors the control algorithm. A sensor is in communication with the controller and monitors a medical condition. A rule base application in the controller receives data from the sensor and the closed loop control and compares the data to predetermined medical information to determine the risk of automation of therapy to the patient. The controller then provides a predetermined risk threshold where below the predetermined risk threshold automated closed loop medication therapy is provided. If the predetermined risk threshold is met or exceeded, automated therapy adjustments may not occur and user/clinician intervention is requested.

Abstract: A convection enhanced delivery device comprises a support member and an elongated microcatheter carried by the support member. The microcatheter projects lengthwise away from the support member. The microcatheter includes a catheter lumen extending in a first direction. A fluid conduit carried by the support member. The fluid conduit includes a conduit lumen that extends in a second direction different than the first direction. The conduit lumen is in fluid communication with the catheter lumen. An inlet port and a connecting port are also carried by the support member. The inlet port is in fluid communication with the fluid conduit. The connecting port is separate from the inlet port and is in fluid communication with the fluid conduit. The connecting port is configured to engage an end portion of an external fluid conduit such that the external fluid conduit projects away from the connecting port and from the support member.

Abstract: Device for fixing and protecting a needle, this device having a first and a second adhesive part, separated by a central part, the first part being intended to be fixed to the skin, opposite the chosen penetration site for the needle, only one of the faces of the first part being adhesive, and a cutting line defining two longitudinal arms, each of these two arms including an outermost part belonging to the second adhesive part.

Abstract: A convection enhanced delivery device comprises a support member and an elongated microcatheter carried by the support member. The microcatheter projects lengthwise away from the support member. The microcatheter includes a catheter lumen extending in a first direction. A fluid conduit carried by the support member. The fluid conduit includes a conduit lumen that extends in a second direction different than the first direction. The conduit lumen is in fluid communication with the catheter lumen. An inlet port and a connecting port are also carried by the support member. The inlet port is in fluid communication with the fluid conduit. The connecting port is separate from the inlet port and is in fluid communication with the fluid conduit. The connecting port is configured to engage an end portion of an external fluid conduit such that the external fluid conduit projects away from the connecting port and from the support member.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a patient interface device, such as a mask, nasal pillow, or nasal cannula, that includes an adhesive layer provided on a surface thereof that is structured to temporarily bond to the skin of a user of the patient interface device. The adhesive layer may include a bonding agent, such as a polymer gel, having a residual extraction force of between about 50 grams and about 200 grams.

Abstract: An integrated vascular delivery system and method of use, the system including: a frame having a catheter hub that provides a first anchoring point on the patient and receives a catheter insertable in the patient to transfer fluid at an insertion site, a stabilization hub that provides a second anchoring point on the patient, at least one lateral member extending between the catheter and stabilization hubs, and a fluidic channel. The frame operates in a folded configuration in which the hubs are coupleable and an unfolded configuration in which the anchoring points are distributed around the insertion site to anchor the frame to the patient, thereby stabilizing the catheter. In some embodiments, the system further includes a septum that helps prevent fluid leakage from the catheter hub, or a needle shield that covers the distal end of a needle used during catheter insertion.

Abstract: Devices and methods are provided for sealing a catheter insertion site to maintain sterility. In one embodiment, a catheter dressing is provided that includes an adhesive plate configured for attachment to the skin of a patient and a flexible sheath that extends proximally from the adhesive plate. The sheath can be capable of longitudinal extension from a compressed to an extended state and can be configured in its extended state to surround an external segment of a catheter implanted in the patient and circumferentially seal to a portion of the external segment at a distance from the adhesive plate. The dressing can also be configured to restrict longitudinal movement of the catheter while at the same time permitting non-longitudinal movement. One-piece rigid or semi-rigid dressing bodies are also disclosed, as are various methods and devices for facilitating removal and or replacement of a catheter dressing.