Abstract: A system and a method for increasing permeability of a brain barrier selected from a blood-brain barrier or a blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier by controlled application of pulsed electric fields.

Abstract: Systems and methods can be employed for trans-tympanic membrane access to the middle ear for delivery of a formulation or implant device to a target location under direct visualization. The systems and methods can also be used to improve accessibility and visualization for various otological surgical procedures, such as, but not limited to, cholesteatoma removal, tympanic membrane repair and ossicular chain repair.

Abstract: Systems, apparatus, and methods are described for delivering a therapeutic substance, such as an anesthetic, to a tympanic membrane of a subject. Such systems can include an earset with a valve configured to control flow of a fluid, such as air, into and out of a reservoir. In some embodiments, systems, apparatus, and methods described herein can include additional valves and features for relieving negative pressure within the reservoir.

Abstract: A method may include applying, to a corpus of data, a first machine learning technique to identify candidate domains of an ontology mapping brain structure to mental function. The corpus of data may include textual data describing a plurality of mental functions and spatial data corresponding to a plurality of brain structures. A second machine technique may be applied to optimize a quantity of domains included in the ontology and/or a quantity of mental function terms included in each domain. The ontology may be applied to phenotype an electronic medical record and predict a clinical outcome for a patient associated with the electronic medical record. Related systems and articles of manufacture, including computer program products, are also provided.

Abstract: A cosmetic treatment for reducing body size, incorporating a cosmetic minimally-invasive procedure (CMIP) and incorporating cold atmospheric plasma irradiation (CAP) of a body, the treatment comprising the five steps of: a first step of preparing a cosmetic composition and applying the composition to the body to form a mask on the body; a second step of using a gypsum plaster of Paris (POP) and sealing the mask; a third step of wrapping the POP with a nylon/plastic wrap; a fourth step of preparing the body with a layer of aqueous surface gel; and a fifth step of using CAP irradiation of the body; whereby the body is an abdominal region, and the body size is indicated by at least three representative body circumference measurements; and whereby body size reduction is statistically significant when comparing before and after cosmetic treatment body sizes.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for sealing an ear canal for retaining a solution in the ear canal. Adhesive earplugs are provided through which the solution can be delivered, and which, following delivery, retain the fluid in the ear canal. The systems and methods may also be useful for delivering an anesthetizing solution to the ear canal of a human patient and for maintaining the solution therein for use with an iontophoresis system for anesthetizing the tympanic membrane.

Abstract: A bandage is formed of a film layer, an adhesive applied to the film layer, and an absorbent layer connected to the film layer. The absorbent layer comprises a compressed fabric soaked in a fluid. A permeable membrane is disposed over the absorbent layer and creates an electrical charge when fluid from the absorbent layer passes through the membrane. The electricity generated by the osmosis flows to a plurality of light emitting diodes that are connected to the membrane through a battery. The LEDs emit UV light to disinfect a wound when a bandage is applied to the wound.

Abstract: A wearable patch (10) comprising an ultrasound transducer (30) mounted on the patch, the ultrasound transducer comprising a major surface for contacting the skin of a wearer of the patch, said major surface being covered by a layer (33) of a soluble adhesive precursor, the wearable patch further comprising a seal ring (40) extending from the patch, said seal ring surrounding the ultrasound transducer. Also disclosed are a wearable patch kit, assembly and application method.

Abstract: Antibiotics are administered in a surgical site subcutaneously via a small or stab incision in the surgical field. Transcutaneous ultrasonic vibrations are applied across the surgical field, which is then opened in the usual manner, to thereby provide a surgical field which contains a vastly higher and more effective level of antibiotic. At the same time the underlying tissue is hydrated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dual depth electroporation devices capable of electorporating both muscle tissue and skin tissue in a single application in order to generate a broad immune response in a subject, and uses of the same.

Abstract: According to an illustrative embodiment a method to promote healing of a wound is provided comprising contacting the wound with a biologically active composition comprising a lipoic acid derivative and gelatin. In another embodiment a wound dressing is provided comprising a scaffold coated with a biologically active composition comprising a lipoic acid derivative. In a further embodiment, a system is provided for treating a tissue site of a patient, the system comprising a reduced-pressure source to supply reduced pressure, a manifold to distribute reduced pressure to a tissue site and a scaffold coated with a biologically active composition comprising a lipoic acid derivative. Methods for producing such a system and scaffold are also disclosed.

Abstract: A microdermabrasion system includes an applicator tool including a central handle portion with a treatment tip at a distal end of the handle, where the treatment tip includes an abrading surface formed on a front surface of the tip. A proximal end of the elongated handle is coupled to first and second arms, forming an opening in the hand piece through which a user can insert one or more fingers. The handle supports a bottom side of a user's finger while the user grips the handle. In an implementation, the handle includes an indentation for at least one finger. In an implementation, the treatment tip is removable and replaceable.

Abstract: Various systems and methods provide iontophoretic delivery of anesthesia at a patient's tympanic membrane. Some implementations provide channel switching enabling a single current sink to pull current through two electrodes in an alternating fashion based on clock pulses. The iontophoretic delivery of anesthesia may be driven by an AC modulated current. Some implementations provide for continuous flow of fresh iontophoresis fluid to the ear canal during iontophoresis. The fluid flows from a source reservoir into the cavity between the tympanic membrane and a plug, and then drains out of the cavity to a reservoir. An iontophoresis system may also detect capacitance between an anode electrode and an auxiliary electrode in a patient's ear canal, watching for reduced capacitance to indicate presence of a bubble in the iontophoresis fluid.

Abstract: Systems and methods for treating or manipulating biological tissues are provided. In the systems and methods, a biological tissue is placed in contact with an array of electrodes. Electrical pulses are then applied between a bias voltage bus and a reference voltage bus of a distributor having switching elements associated with each of the electrodes. The switching elements provide a first contact position for coupling electrodes to bias voltage bus, a second contact position for coupling electrodes to the reference voltage bus, and a third contact position for isolating electrodes from the high and reference voltage buses. The switching elements are operated over various time intervals to provide the first contact position for first electrodes, a second contact position for second electrodes adjacent to the first electrodes, and a third contact position for a remainder of the electrodes adjacent to the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: Methods for mass production of new microfluidic devices are described. The microfluidic devices may include an array of micro-needles with open channels in fluid communication with multiple reservoirs located within a substrate that supports the micro-needles. The micro-needles are configured so as to sufficiently penetrate the skin in order to collect or sample bodily fluids and transfer the fluids to the reservoirs. The micro-needles may also deliver medicaments into or below the skin.

Abstract: A method of anesthetizing a tympanic membrane of an ear of a patient using iontophoresis is disclosed. The method involves delivering an anesthetizing drug solution to an ear canal of the patient's ear, wherein the drug solution includes an anesthetic and a buffer, and wherein the drug solution has a pH in the range of about 6.5 to about 7.5; and applying an amount of current to the drug solution, wherein the amount of applied current is increased at a rate of less than about 0.5 milliamp per second until a maximum current is achieved.

Abstract: A system and method for preventing the undesirable dissipation of charge throughout a tissue surface while maintaining the charge density at a desired tissue treatment site. The invention embodies a physical perimeter conductor positioned in proximity to a tissue surface and a conductance control circuit working in combination to collect surface charge applied within the confines of the perimeter conductor and to maintain a desired relationship between the contained surface charge density and time.

Abstract: A novel array of hollow silica glass microneedles is provided. The array is prepared from a silica dispersion. A novel apparatus is provided comprising a negative mold component having tapered openings therein and a positive mold component having positive elements that are received within the tapered openings of the negative mold component. An assembly is prepared of the negative mold component and the positive mold component, with an aqueous silica dispersion received within the space between the outer surface of the positive elements and the inner surface of the openings. The assembly is heated to remove air and water vapors from the silica dispersion, then the assembly is further heated to sinter the remaining silica to silica glass. The sintered silica glass when removed from the mold components is in the form of an array of microneedles.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are unique needle cartridges for use with transdermal microneedling devices that generate and emit low energy RF signals to, and prevent backflow of liquid(s) from, the skin of a patient. One embodiment may comprise a base portion and a sleeve coupled to the base portion. Such an embodiment may also comprise an RF needle capsule disposed within the housing, and having a needle unit comprising at least one needle on an end thereof. Also, the needle cartridge comprises a drive shaft disposed through the base portion and coupled to the needle unit, and configured to be driven reciprocally along a longitudinal axis of the base portion and thereby move the RF needle capsule reciprocally such that the needles of the needle unit extend beyond and retract within the housing. Such RF needle cartridges further include an absorbing barrier disposed within the housing to prevent the backflow of liquid(s) from the needle unit by absorbing such liquid(s).

Abstract: The present invention provides for a biocompatible drug delivery device for the targeted treatment of cancer that is implantable within the tumorous mass of a patient. In one embodiment, the device comprises two polarizable elements mechanically coupled by a connecting element. The device also comprises one or more cancer treatment agents. When the polarizable elements are depolarized, such as by the application of ionizing radiation, the two polarizable elements are repelled from each other and release the cancer treatment agent. In another embodiment, one or more treatment agents are expelled from a miniaturized syringe when internal pressure of the device is increased by the production of gas bubbles in response to the application of ionizing radiation.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for the production of a liquid coffee concentrate that has an improved storage stability at ambient temperature. The process comprises separating coffee extract resulting in a high aromatic coffee extract and a low aromatic coffee extract and subjecting the low aromatic coffee extract to a heat treatment and, optionally, a pH rising step.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide methods and systems for the biphasic iontophoretic transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents. An embodiment of a method for such delivery comprises positioning at least one electrode assembly in electrical communication with a patient's skin. The assembly includes a solution comprising a therapeutic agent which passively diffuses into the skin. A dose of agent is delivered from the assembly into the skin during a first period using a first current having a characteristic e.g., polarity and magnitude, to repel the agent out of the assembly. During a second period, a second current having a characteristic to attract the agent is used to retain the agent in the assembly such that delivery of agent into skin is minimized. A dose of agent may be delivered on demand by an input from the patient. Embodiments may be used for delivery of agents which cause adverse effects from unwanted passive diffusion.

Abstract: Cells that are in the process division are vulnerable to damage by AC electric fields that have specific frequency and field strength characteristics. The selective destruction of rapidly dividing cells can therefore be accomplished by imposing an AC electric field in a target region for extended periods of time at particular frequencies with particular filed strengths. Some of the cells that divide while the field is applied will be damaged, but the cells that do not divide will not be harmed. This selectively damages rapidly dividing cells like bacteria, but does not harm normal cells that are not dividing. Since the vulnerability of the dividing cells is strongly related to the alignment between the long axis of the dividing cells and the lines of force of the electric field, improved results can be obtained when the field is sequentially imposed in different directions.

Abstract: A system (101) for treatment of an epithelial tissue layer (3) is provided. The system comprises a reservoir (107), for containing an amount of a flowable medium, arranged to enable the medium, when contained in the reservoir, to be in contact with a surface (5) of the epithelial tissue layer, a light source (109) for generating a laser beam (11) during at least a predetermined pulse time, and an optical system for focusing the laser beam into a focal spot (15), and for positioning the focal spot in a target position. The target position of the focal spot is within the reservoir and within the medium, when contained in the reservoir, and the dimension of the focal spot and the power of the generated laser beam are such that, in the focal spot, the laser beam has a power density, which is above the characteristic threshold value for the medium, above which, for the predetermined pulse time, a laser induced optical breakdown event occurs in the medium.

Abstract: A light generating circuit is implanted in a subject's body and aimed at a target region such as a tumor. A photosensitizer is introduced into the target region, and an AC electric field is induced in the region. The field causes the light generating circuit to generate light, which activates the photosensitizer; and at certain field strengths and frequencies, the field itself has a beneficial effect. The beneficial effects of the field and the activated photosensitizer are thereby obtained simultaneously.

Abstract: A light generating circuit is implanted in a subject's body and aimed at a target region such as a tumor. A photosensitizer is introduced into the target region, and an AC electric field is induced in the region. The field causes the light generating circuit to generate light, which activates the photosensitizer; and at certain field strengths and frequencies, the field itself has a beneficial effect. The beneficial effects of the field and the activated photosensitizer are thereby obtained simultaneously.

Abstract: The present invention provides drug conjugates comprising 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), an aldehyde and a carboxylic acid that may function as a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI). These conjugates may serve as co-drugs which release a plurality of active species in vivo. The novel drug conjugates may be used, for the treatment or prevention of cancer in PDT-dependent and/or PDT-independent (nonPDT) treatments, as well as for cosmetic uses. In addition the present invention provides novel uses for both the novel and known compounds. According to some embodiments, the present invention provides drug conjugates (co-drugs) comprising (i) ALA, (ii) an aldehyde and (iii) a carboxylic acid that may function as a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACO for the treatment of anemia and/or for the induction of erythropoiesis.

Abstract: A method of enhanced trans-tissue delivery of therapeutic substances including; placing an electrode in proximity to human or animal tissue covered with material of sufficient concentration of such substances; applying a voltage signal to generate plasma, preferably Dielectric Barrier Discharge in Air, between the tissue and the electrode.

Abstract: Iontophoretic devices for transdermal delivery of a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist active agent are provided. Also provided are methods of transdermally delivering a therapeutically effective amount of a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist active agent to a subject, e.g., to treat immune system disorders such as multiple sclerosis. Packaged iontophoretic systems, kits including iontophoretic devices, and methods of making iontophoretic devices are also provided.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide methods for the transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents for the treatment of addictive cravings e.g., nicotine compounds for the treatment of nicotine cravings from tobacco use. An embodiment of a method for such delivery comprises positioning at least one electrode assembly in electrical communication with a patient's skin. The assembly includes a solution comprising a therapeutic agent which passively diffuses into the skin. A dose of agent is delivered from the assembly into the skin during a first period using a first current having a characteristic e.g., polarity and magnitude, to repel the agent out of the assembly. During a second period, a second current having a characteristic to attract the agent is used to retain the agent in the assembly such that delivery of agent into skin is minimized. A dose of agent may be delivered on demand by an input from the patient.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide patches for the transdermal delivery of iron-containing compositions to an individual suffering from an iron deficiency. Many embodiments provide an iontophoretic patch for the transdermal delivery of a therapeutically effective amount of iron. The patch comprises an electrode and a reservoir containing a composition comprising ionic iron for the delivery of the therapeutically effective amount of iron. Various embodiments provide methods of using embodiments of the iontophoretic patch for delivering a therapeutically effective amount of iron to an individual suffering from one more forms of iron deficiency including iron deficiency anemia. Such methods can be used for treating and/or preventing the iron deficiency. The amount of delivered iron can be adjusted depending upon various treatment parameters such as patient weight and type and amount of iron deficiency.

Abstract: Methods and devices treating an autonomic nervous system associated disease condition in a subject are provided. Aspects of the invention include inducing one or more physiological response selected from the group consisting of sweating, gastric emptying, enhanced heart rate variability and enhanced quantitative sensory test responsiveness in a manner sufficient to modify the autonomic nervous system so as to treat the subject for the disease condition. The methods and devices find use in a variety of applications, e.g. in the treatment of subjects suffering from conditions arising from disorders of the autonomic nervous system.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide an architecture, system and methods for optimizing power utilization for transdermal iontophoretic drug delivery which maintain a iontophoretic driving voltage at a reduced or even minimum value to support an iontophoretic delivery current. The reduced voltage reduces the power requirements for a transdermal iontohoretic delivery system during a period of drug delivery. Embodiments of an architecture for implementing this approach can utilize a controller which compares the desired current to the actual current and adjusts the voltage to reduce the amount of power used for iontophoretic drug delivery. The controller can comprise a state machine or microprocessor. Embodiments of the invention are particularly useful for extending the battery life of transdermal iontophoretic drug delivery systems.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for the delivery of polynucleotide vaccines into mammalian skin cells to increase T cell response and to reduce pain and discomfort due to long electric waveform application and due to muscle contractions. The method for the delivery of polynucleotide vaccines into mammalian skin cells includes the steps of: (a.) administering a polynucleotide vaccine into the skin at an administration site, (b.) applying a needle electrode to the skin in the vicinity to the administration site, and (c.) applying a sequence of at least three single, operator-controlled, independently programmed, narrow interval electrical waveforms, which have pulse intervals that are less than 100 milliseconds, to deliver the polynucleotide vaccine into the skin cells by electroporation.

Abstract: This invention describes the administration of multiple therapeutic agents with insulin in conjunction with bexarotene, ketamine, monoclonal antibodies Etanercept, IGF-1, and acetylcholine esterase inhibitors physostigmine, for treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Insulin, improves memory; also augments and amplifies the effects of the adjuvant therapeutic agents (paracrine and intracrine effects) and consequently reduces the ? amyloid, its soluble precursors, prevents damage to the neuronal skeletal network (taupathy), and blocks glutamate excitotoxicity, reduces brain inflammation, prevents apoptosis, and increases the acetylcholine levels in the neurons and synapses; by using a combination of insulin, bexarotene, ketamine, Etanercept, IGF-1, and physostigmine therapeutic agents.

Abstract: The present inventors have shown that electroporation with calcium ions are efficient on cutaneous and subcutaneous nodules. In particular the present inventors here disclose that a solution comprising calcium ions (Ca2+) with a concentration of at least 0.1 M is extremely useful in a method of treating a neoplasm, such as cancer with means for causing transient permeabilisation of the cell membranes of at least part of the neoplasm before, during and/or after administration of said solution, wherein said solution is administered with a ratio of 0.2 to 0.8 of the volume of said part of the neoplasm.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed herein for delivering a medicament to a fetus. The method includes administering the medicament from an injector configured to deliver the medicament across an amniotic membrane to amniotic fluid of the fetus. The method includes administering the medicament from a transmembrane patch placed at an amniotic membrane configured to deliver the medicament across the amniotic membrane to amniotic fluid of the fetus.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide methods for the transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents for the treatment of addictive cravings e.g., from nicotine. An embodiment of a method for such delivery comprises positioning at least one electrode assembly in electrical communication with a patient's skin. The assembly includes a solution comprising a therapeutic agent which passively diffuses into skin. A dose of agent is delivered from the assembly into skin during a first period using a first current having a characteristic e.g., polarity and magnitude, to repel agent out of the assembly. During a second period, a second current having a characteristic to attract agent is used to retain agent in the assembly such that delivery of agent into skin is minimized. In particular embodiments, a dose of agent may be delivered on-demand using an input from the patient using an inhalation sensing device which mimics an inhaled form of tobacco.

Abstract: Compositions, methods, and kits are provided for treating CCR8 mediated diseases with applicability to atopic dermatitis and potential applicability to asthma, prurigo nodularis, nummular dermatitis, neurodermatitis, and lichen simplex chronicus and some lymphomas, multiple sclerosis, acquired immunodeficiency disease, peritoneal adhesions, Kaposi's sarcoma and atherogenesis—the expression of all of which, at least in part, is mediated by cells expressing the chemokine receptor CCR8. The compositions include proteins and fusion proteins from Molluscum contagiosum Virus (MCV) or variants, analogs and derivatives thereof which exhibit inhibitory activity. Examples of such MCV proteins are MC148 fusion protein (MC148fp) identified as MC148P-TAT-6xHis (“6xHis” disclosed as SEQ ID NO: 11), and its variants, fragments, analogs and derivatives which possess inhibitory activity.

Abstract: An iontophoretic dental device that positions electrodes at buccal and lingual gingiva is described herein. The iontophoretic dental device includes an electrode locating member and electrodes that are attached to the electrode locating member. Further described herein is an iontophoretic dental system for simultaneously positioning electrodes at the buccal and lingual gingiva of a tooth on which dental work is performed. The system includes a coupler, lead wires and an iontophoretic dental device that further includes a clamp and electrodes. The electrodes are operatively attached to the clamp. Also described herein is a method of delivering a medicament to teeth or surrounding oral tissues including placing an iontophoretic dental device on buccal and lingual gingiva, the device including a clamp, and applying current to the electrodes.

Abstract: Methods for treating nausea and migraine by iontophoretically administering triptan compounds are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photodynamic therapy to a patient having at least one tumor comprising the steps of: administering a compound of formula 6 (wherein R1 and R2 are defined as the above) in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier to the patient; waiting for a sufficient time to allow the administered compound to be taken up by a target tissue having the at least one tumor; and irradiating a region of the patient containing the target tissue, wherein growth of the tumor is inhibited.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to efficiently inject a drug (physiologically active substance). Therefore, a micro-needle device 1 comprises a base plate 2 and a micro-needle 3 installed on the base plate 2. A coating agent containing the physiologically active substance is coated at least at a part of the micro-needle 3, and a coating range thereof is 100 to 230 ?m including the top of the micro-needle 3. A load due to the energy of 0.2 to 0.7 J/cm2 is applied to the micro-needle device 1 which is in contact with the skin.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems, devices, and methods for transdermal delivery of a therapeutic agent (for example, a molecule or molecules) to a therapy site. The systems, devices, and methods described herein are flexible and able to conform to the contours of a therapy site, such as the shape of a user's face. In certain approaches, the devices and systems described herein include an integrated power supply for standalone application to the therapy site. The devices, systems, and methods include flexible electrodes with integrated conductance layers and interface layers for improved stability and current distribution. In practice, the device includes at least two electrodes which are coupled to the therapy site. When the electrodes are placed at the therapy site, they are electrically coupled, thereby drawing a current from the power supply to deliver the therapeutic agent to the therapy site.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for delivering an anti-cancer agent to a tumor in a subject. The method involves administering to the subject (i) gold particles and (ii) at least one-anti-cancer agent directly or indirectly bonded to the macromolecule and/or unbound to the macromolecule; and exposing the tumor to light for a sufficient time and wavelength in order for the gold particles to achieve surface plasmon resonance and heating the tumor.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide patch assemblies for iontophoretic transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents. An embodiment provides a patch assembly comprising a conformable patch for delivery of the agent and having a tissue contacting side including an adhesive. The housing has a bottom surface for engaging a non-tissue contacting side of the patch, a current source such as a battery and a controller for controlling the delivery of the agent. The housing has sufficient flexibility such that when it is engaged with the patch to form the patch assembly and the patch is adhered to a target site on the patient's skin, the assembly has sufficient flexibility to deform with movement of the patient's skin to remain sufficiently adhered to the skin over an extended period of time to transdermally deliver a desired dose of the agent. Embodiments of the assembly may used to deliver a variety of therapeutic agents.

Abstract: A medical device, for example, an endoscope or catheter, includes local drug delivery capabilities for selectively delivering at least one drug in vivo. The local drug delivery may occur as the medical device is advanced through tortuous passageways of the patient's body or may occur after the medical device has reached its targeted destination. The medical device includes a drug agent, for example, carried in or on a hydrophilic or hydrogel coating disposed on the outside thereof. When the hydrogel or drug agent receives an appropriate signal, e.g., solution containing a triggering agent or triggering condition, e.g., heat or light, the hydrogel contracts or expands to squeeze out the drug from hydrogel. If electric current is provided as the signal, and the drug agent is charged, the drug agent is released by electrophoretic forces.

Abstract: An electrode device having an insertion part (12) adapted to be inserted into the suprachoroidal space of an eye so as to reach a service position, and an handling part (14) for manipulation of the electrode device, said electrode device comprising: —a support (25) having a distal part (31); —a set of wires (20) supported by said support and mobile between a retracted position in which said wires substantially extend along the support, and a deployed position in which respective parts of said wires, called “outside parts”, project from said distal part (31) of the support; —an electrically conductive element forming at least a portion of a said outside part or supported by a said outside part; —an electrical conductor (60) enabling, in said deployed position, an electrical connection between said electrically conductive element and an electrical generator; and —an actuator (16, 60) adapted for an operator to move the set of wires from said retracted position to said deployed position in said service position.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for treating an ocular disease in a subject comprising the steps consisting of i) delivering a pharmaceutical composition formulated with a therapeutic nucleic acid of interest into the suprachoroidal space of the diseased eye and ii) exposing the region where the pharmaceutical composition was delivered to an electrical field.

Abstract: Methods for treating nausea and migraine by iontophoretically administering triptan compounds are provided.