Abstract: A method for stimulating facial nerves in a subject with synkinetic reinnervated muscles includes providing an electrode, having a plurality of contacts, in a parotic region of the subject's face, stimulating each of the contacts separately, identifying one or more contacts from the plurality of contacts that cause one or more nerve branches to activate a desired facial muscle, and selecting the identified contacts to stimulate the one or more nerve branches. The system includes an electrode having a plurality of contacts for placement in a parotic region of the subject's face and a processor in communication with the electrode. The processor has program code for stimulating each of the contacts separately, for identifying one or more contacts from the plurality of contacts that cause one or more nerve branches to activate a desired facial muscle, and for selecting the identified contacts to stimulate the one or more nerve branches.

Abstract: Bioelectric implants are provided in three distinct embodiments, namely a bone/tissue anchor, a suture construction, and a plate. The bioelectric implants function in dual capacities as both fixation devices, and as galvanic cells for the production of electrical energy used for therapeutic purposes in tissue regeneration and healing. The bioelectric anchor may take the general form of a screw or pin having a hollow interior or cavity that extends through the body of the anchor. A coating can be applied to the cavity to form the anode portion of the galvanic cell. The outer surface of the anchor serves as a cathode. Bodily fluids and tissue act as an electrolyte to facilitate the chemical reactions necessary for the galvanic cell. For the suture construction, one or more strands of material are the cathode, and one or more strands of peripheral surrounding material act as the anode. Bodily fluids/tissue in contact with the suture act as an electrolyte.

Abstract: Various system embodiments comprise a neural stimulator, a pulse generator, and a controller. The neural stimulator is adapted to generate a neural stimulation signal. The pulse generator is adapted to generate a pacing signal to provide myocardium pacing. The controller is adapted to control the neural stimulator and the pulse generator to provide a cardioprotective conditioning therapy. The conditioning therapy includes neural stimulation to elicit a parasympathetic response and myocardium pacing. Other aspects and embodiments are provided herein.

Abstract: A microcurrent stimulation device with a power supply, two or more electrodes electronically coupled to the power supply, a microcontroller configured to generate an electromagnetic waveform, an impedance measurement module configured to measure electrical impedance of one or more biological tissues between the two or more electrodes. A first safety circuit monitors electric current flow through one or more components of the microcurrent stimulation device and interrupts electric current flow if the electric current flow through the one or more components is above a predetermined level. A second safety circuit interrupts electric current flow through the one or more components if a firmware failure occurs.

Abstract: A dressing for treating a damaged tissue, incorporates a pair of electrodes and a conductive gel between the electrodes. An electric current passes between the electrodes through the gel to repair the damaged tissue. Sensors can be incorporated into the dressing along with a control unit. The control unit can vary the current supplied to the electrodes according to environmental parameters detected by the sensors. Alternatively, one or more pre-defined programs can be stored in the control unit for supplying an alternating current to the electrodes with a varying amplitude, frequency and waveform.

Abstract: An interventional system that utilizes a carotid chemoreceptor(s) and optionally baroreceptor(s) for inducing vasodilatation in blood vessels of the brain is provided for treating ischemic conditions of the CNS, such as ischemic stroke and cerebral vasospasm. The system includes an electrical signal generator and an endovascular module with electrode units for transiently being disposed in the internal and external carotid arteries, adjacent a carotid body.

Abstract: A medical instrument for delivering electrotherapy to tissue that includes an outer support member having a ground plate at a distal end of the outer support member, and a protrusive element having a tip that extends beyond the ground plate. A portion of the protrusive element proximate the ground plate can act as an electrical insulator and a portion of the protrusive element proximate the distal end of the protrusive element can include a first electrode. The protrusive element can be designed to penetrate into tissue below a tissue surface while a tissue contacting surface of the ground plate rests against the tissue surface. Also disclosed are systems incorporating the medical instrument and methods of electrotherapy to subsurface tissue using the medical instrument.

Abstract: A wound healing system comprising an array of electrodes incorporated in a device for applying an electrical signal to a wound. The electrodes are configurable to form at least one composite electrode and the electrical signal is applied to the wound via the composite electrode(s). The system preferably includes means for determining the state of the wound, the electrode composition of the composite electrode(s) depending on the determined state of the wound. Advantageously, the electrode composition of the composite electrode(s) is adjustable in response to changes in the determined state of the wound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the in vivo stimulation of cellular material. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for stimulating cells and tissue in vivo comprising the step of applying to said cells and tissue an electrobiomimetic stimulus, wherein the growth characteristics of said cells and tissue are enhanced as compared to cells and tissue not receiving said stimulus.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system and a method for artificial nerve networking capable of restoring a damaged nerve and allowing selective detection, analysis, transmission and stimulation of a signal from the damaged nerve. The artificial nerve networking system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a first nerve conduit connected at one end of a damaged nerve; a second nerve conduit connected at the other end of the damaged nerve; and an artificial nerve networking unit electrically connected to the first nerve conduit and the second nerve conduit and recovering the function of the damaged nerve by transmitting and receiving a signal to and from the damaged nerve.

Abstract: A method for promoting wound healing at a wound site includes subjecting the wound site to electrical pulses to promote wound healing during at least one of the stages of wound healing. The method may further include closing the wound site by sutures or staples prior to and or after applying the electrical pulses that promote wound healing.

Abstract: A method and system of conditioning human skin and hair using a hand-held skin/hair conditioner having interchangeable interface conductors that are contoured to enhance electrical conductivity between the conditioner and a variety of body areas. Each of the interchangeable interface conductors are preferably formed to maximize surface area contact with a variety of body surfaces such as scalp/hair, body skin, and facial skin. In a preferred embodiment, the skin/hair conditioner is formed to fit comfortably and controllably in a user's grasp while providing maximum contact with the selected body surface. The skin/hair conditioner includes an audio signal generator and a vibration mechanism to alert a user of a change in status of the conditioner. The interface conductors may be (1) smoothly rounded, (2) include teeth, (3) spherical or hemispherical (4) include multiple rounded nodules.

Abstract: A skin treatment device includes a roller rotatably mounted about its longitudinal axis and having needles protruding radially outwardly from its peripheral surface, and a device for establishing electrical contact between at least part of the needles and a voltage source having first and second poles, including first and second terminals capable of being electrically connected to the first and second poles, respectively, a first contacting zone electrically connected to first needles, a second contacting zone spaced and electrically insulated from the first contacting zone and electrically connected to second needles, the terminals and the contacting zones being configured such that when the first terminal is connected to the first contacting zone, the second terminal is likewise connected to the second contacting zone. The first and the second needles are each arranged in a row, the rows being separated from each other in a circumferential direction of the roller.

Abstract: A system includes (i) a needle for insertion into a port of an implantable infusion device, and (ii) a receiver apparatus having a port location signal receiver module capable of receiving a signal from the implantable infusion device regarding spatial orientation of the port. The system further includes a processor operably coupled to the receiver apparatus and capable of determining the orientation of the needle relative to the port based on the received signal. The system also includes a display operably coupled to the processor. The processor is configured to cause the display to graphically render trajectory of the needle relative to the port. The port is graphically rendered as a target structure having a reference area. The needle is graphically rendered as an object moveable relative to the target structure. Occupation of the reference area by the object indicates trajectory alignment of the port and the needle.

Abstract: The regenerative sleeve encompasses the wound site of an amputated appendage and provides an environment conducive to tissue regeneration. The sleeve includes a tubular reservoir having an outer body that encloses the end of the appendage including the wound site and provides a sealed wound space between the wound site and the outer body. The sleeve also includes a cuff disposed in an opening formed in the outer body, the cuff being configured to fit on the appendage, and an access port disposed on the outer body and configured to allow administration of fluids to the wound space. The sleeve assembly was effective in supporting early stages of murine digit tip regeneration when combined with a porcine urinary bladder matrix (UBM) pepsin digest and electrical stimulation.

Abstract: A blood pump includes an impeller having a plurality of foldable blades and a cannula having a proximal portion with a fixed diameter, and a distal portion with an expandable diameter. The impeller can reside in the expandable portion of the cannula. The cannula has a collapsed condition for percutaneous delivery to a desired location within the body, and an expanded condition in which the impeller can rotate to pump blood. A flexible drive shaft can extend through the cannula for rotationally driving the impeller within the patient's body.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising an electromagnetic signal generating means for emitting signals comprising bursts of at least one of sinusoidal, rectangular, chaotic, and random waveforms, having a frequency content in a range of about 0.01 Hz to about 100 MHz at about 1 to about 100,000 waveforms per second, having a burst duration of 1 usec to 100 msec, and having a burst repetition rate from about 0.01 to about 1000 bursts/second, wherein the waveforms are adapted to a frequency response of a fibrous capsule formation and capsular contracture target pathway structure and to have sufficient signal to noise ratio of at least about 0.

Abstract: A medical device is configured to perform a method for modulating vagal nerve signals to reduce inflammation. A sensing module of the medical device is enabled to receive an electrical signal from selected electrodes electrically coupled to the medical device. A controller coupled to the sensing module is configured to determine an inflammation metric from the sensed electrical signal. The metric is compared to an inflammation detection threshold. A pulse generator is controlled to selectively deliver electrical stimulation pulses via the plurality of electrodes in response to the metric meeting the inflammation detection threshold to modulate vagal nerve signals to cause an anti-inflammatory response.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for stimulating pelvic floor muscles in a patient comprises applying at least one electrode externally to each side of the patient's body in the region of the pelvis, and energising the electrodes to apply a muscular stimulation current which flows laterally across the patient through the patient's pelvic floor. Preferably a plurality of electrodes are applied symmetrically on each side of the body. The electrodes may be incorporated in a garment.

Abstract: Provided are devices and methods for treating a subject having a myocardial condition using sub-threshold electrical stimulation.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to a method for regulating cellular and tissue physiology, a device for practicing the method, and a process for fabricating the device. In general the process comprises the steps of providing at least one patterned electrode, providing a least one cell, placing the at least one electrode in electrical communication with the at least one cell, and applying a voltage to the electrode thereby delivering an effective amount of a patterned electric field or current thus regulating the physiology and/or growth of the at least one cell.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an implantable stimulation apparatus includes a vagal nerve stimulator configured to generate electrical pulses below a cardiac threshold of a heart, and an electrode coupled to the vagal nerve stimulator which is configured to transmit the electrical pulses below the cardiac threshold, to a vagal nerve so as to inhibit injury resulting from an ischemia and/or reduce injury resulting from an ischemia. In another embodiment, an implantable stimulation apparatus includes a vagal nerve stimulator configured to generate electrical pulses below a cardiac threshold, and includes an electrode, which is coupled to the vagal nerve stimulator and configured transmit electrical pulses to a vagal nerve so as to reduce a defibrillation threshold of the heart.

Abstract: A neuronal network analysis plate having alternating rows of recording wells and amplifying wells. The recording wells contain a neural cell network and a series of electrodes for recording the action potential signals of the neurons. The electrodes are connected to amplifiers in adjacent amplifying wells. The close proximity of these amplifiers ideal because it permits the parallel, non-multiplexed recording of action potential signals from multiple different active nerve cell networks. The amplifiers in the amplifying wells can then be connected to external amplification equipment. The neuronal network analysis plate may be contained within a single commercially available 24 or 96 well plate. The neuronal network analysis plate can be used to detect and quantify pharmacological and toxicological responses of the neural cells to one or more agents in vitro.

Abstract: A device for carrying out a cosmetic method or treating skin ageing and the method comprising the following steps: a) connecting an electronic device, able to generate high frequency electric current waves having a distorted sinusoidal wave form by the presence of harmonics, to one or more electrodes of essentially laminar shape; b) applying said one or more electrodes on the skin surface in the area to be treated; c) activating said electronic device in order to transfer said current waves to said one or more electrodes and to maintain said device activated for a predetermined time; d) deactivating said device and removing the electrodes from the contact with the treated area.

Abstract: Embodiments are generally directed to improving the interface between one or more electrode contacts of a medical implant and the neurons of a recipient of the medical implant. In an embodiment, a growth factor is applied to stimulate the growth of peripheral processes (also referred to as dendrites). Then an electric field is applied to direct the growth of the peripheral processes towards the electrode contact. Growing peripheral processes towards the electrode contacts may reduce the charge required to stimulate the peripheral processes and improve operation of the medical implant.

Abstract: This novel therapeutic (reparative, etiotropic not merely symptomatolytic) electrostimulatory method hereinafter referred to as Coupled Neuraxial Mesoscopic Desynchronization Electrostimulation Therapy (cNMDET) is comprised of a varied combination of progressively sequenced electrode placements and its clinically targeted areas which are comprised of the CNS [regions of the brain and spinal cord including, but not limited to, the underlying clinicopathologic mechanisms of the ANS] and clinically involved components of the PNS variably coupled in such a manner as to apply this therapeutic electrostimulation (reparative modulation) along the coursing path (longitudinally) of the targeted neural pathway over a segment and/or in its entirety, as well as, the utilization of patterned applications for involved joints, muscles, fascia, ligaments, tendons and areas involved in inflammatory processes of clinical significance accomplished through the application of, preferably, but not limited to, Coupled Neuraxial Tra

Abstract: Instruments for thermally-mediated treatment of a patient's lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to induce an injury healing response to thereby populate the extracellular compartment of walls of the LES with collagen matrices to altere the biomechanics of the LES to provide an increased intra-esophageal pressure for preventing acid reflux. A preferred embodiment is a bougie-type device for trans-esophageal introduction that carries conductive electrodes for delivering Rf energy to walls of the LES (i) to induce the injury healing response or (ii) to “model” collagenous tissues of the LES by shrinking collagen fibers therein.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for treating at least one of the following: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, cartilage injury, and a cartilage defect containing the following steps. First, a defective cartilage tissue is provided. Second, a solution containing ions for treating defective cartilage tissue is provided. Third, the solution containing ions is introduced about the defective cartilage tissue. Fourth, an electrical source generates electricity. Fifth, the solution containing ions and an area about the defective cartilage tissue is contacted with the electricity from the electrical source. Sixth, the electrical source is powered on to provide electricity, whereby the ions move from the solution and into the defective cartilage tissue.

Abstract: Described herein are methods, devices and system for selecting an optimum position of a stimulation electrode, and particularly methods, devices and systems for optimizing the position of a stimulation electrode for stimulating the inflammatory reflex and thereby inhibiting inflammation. The methods, devices and systems described herein may generally include the analysis of one or more artifact modalities arising after the application of a stimulation pulse. One or more of these artifact modalities (e.g., EMG, ECG, etc.) may be detected and used to generate a comparable indicator of the fitness of the position of the electrode relative to a target, such as a portion of the inflammatory reflex like the vagus nerve.

Abstract: The invention provides an implant, system and method for electrically stimulating a target tissue to either activate or block neural impulses. The implant provides a conductive pathway for a portion of electrical current flowing between surface electrodes positioned on the skin and transmits that current to the target tissue. The implant has a passive electrical conductor of sufficient length to extend from subcutaneous tissue located below a surface cathodic electrode to the target tissue. The conductor has a pick-up end which forms an electrical termination having a sufficient surface area to allow a sufficient portion of the electrical current to flow through the conductor, in preference to flowing through body tissue between the surface electrodes, such that the target tissue is stimulated to either activate or block neural impulses. The conductor also has a stimulating end which forms an electrical termination for delivering the current to the target body tissue.

Abstract: A skin rejuvenation device and method for the cosmetic or anti-aging reduction of wrinkles and other skin conditions is disclosed. The skin rejuvenation device comprises an array of positive and negative electrodes for the delivery of electrical microcurrents in the attoampere to milliampere range, light sources to deliver photonic stimulation and/or transducers to deliver ultrasonic stimulation to the skin and underlying tissues.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to systems and methods for stimulating cellular function in biological tissue. In certain embodiments, the invention provides a method for stimulating cellular function within tissue that involves providing a first type of energy to a region of tissue, in which the first type is provided in an amount that inhibits cellular function within the region of tissue, and providing a second type of energy to the region of tissue, in which the second type is provided in an amount that facilitates cellular function within the region of tissue, wherein the combined effect stimulates cellular function within the tissue.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the electrical stimulation of bone growth utilizing implantable bone fixation devices and implants to which are attached a screw of nonconductive material powered by a battery for the purpose of creating an electrical-magnetic field to promote bone healing and bone formation. The electric magnetic field is directed to the bone around the device through a battery of a rechargeable type and can include a radio frequency identification device. A constant current is generated in a range of 5-20 micro amperes to stimulate bone healing and bone formation.

Abstract: Stimulation of bone growth to facilitate healing of a dental implant utilizing a interiorly threaded dental screw of nonconductive material in conjunction with a healing cap abutment whereby electrical stimulation facilitates healing of the surgical site. The device is powered by a battery for the purpose of creating an electrical-magnetic field to promote bone healing and bone formation. The electric magnetic field is directed to the bone around the device through a battery of a rechargeable type. A constant current is generated in a preferred range of about 5 ?A to about 20 ?A to stimulate bone healing and bone formation.

Abstract: A prosthetic hearing implant capable of independently and concurrently processing multiple audio input signals such that each audio input signal is separately utilized to stimulate the basilar membrane of the implant recipient. A prosthetic hearing implant of the present invention simultaneously receives discrete audio signals from each of one or more audio sources, generates a separate set of one or more stimulations signals for each audio signal, and concurrently applies the stimulation signals to the cochlear. Different channels of stimulation may be allocated to each audio input signal. Alternatively, different modes of stimulation may be used for each input signal. Or, in yet another example, the audio input signals may be time-multiplexed such that the input signals are applied in alternating timeslots. Or, in yet other examples, the input signals may be applied using a combination of stimulation channels, modes of stimulation, and alternating time slots.

Abstract: The present application relates to a new stimulation design which can be utilized to treat neurological conditions. The stimulation system produces a combination of burst and tonic stimulation which alters the neuronal activity of the predetermined site, thereby treating the neurological condition or disorder.

Abstract: A system for transferring spinal cord signals comprises a superior electrode and an inferior electrode. The superior electrode interfaces with a first portion of a spinal cord of a human body; and the inferior electrode interfaces with a second portion of the spinal cord. The superior electrode has at least one superior contact for receiving signals from the first portion of the spinal cord to transmit to the inferior electrode; and the inferior electrode has at least one inferior contact for transmitting signals received from the superior electrode to the second portion of the spinal cord.

Abstract: Methods and devices are described for the regulation of BMP 2 and 4, TGF-beta 1, 2, and 3, FGF-2, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase mRNA in stem cells via capacitive coupling or inductive coupling of specific and selective electric and/or electromagnetic fields to the bone cells or other tissues containing the stem cells, where the specific and selective fields are generated by application of specific and selective signals to field generating devices disposed with respect to the stem cells so as to facilitate the treatment of diseased or injured bone and other tissues. The resulting methods and devices are useful for the targeted treatment of osteoporosis, osteopenia, osteonecrosis, fresh bone fractures, fractures at risk, nonunion, bone defects, spine fusion, and/or other conditions in which BMP 2 and 4, TGF-beta 1, 2, and 3, FGF-2, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase mRNA and/or protein deficiencies in stem cells has been implicated.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and systems for applying extremely low duty-cycle stimulation sufficient to treat chronic inflammation. In particular, described herein are single supra-threshold pulses of electrical stimulation sufficient to result in a long-lasting (e.g., >4 hours, greater than 12 hours, greater than 24 hours, greater than 48 hours) inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and/or effects of chronic inflammation. These methods and devices are particularly of interest in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Abstract: The surgical operation system includes a treatment section for treating a living tissue of a treatment target; an ultrasound generation section for providing ultrasound to the treatment section; an ultrasound drive power supply section for supplying ultrasound drive power to generate ultrasound to the ultrasound generation section; a high-frequency power supply section for supplying high-frequency power to the treatment section; an impedance detection section for detecting the impedance of the ultrasound provided to the living tissue and the impedance of the high-frequency power supplied to the living tissue; and a control section for controlling the ultrasound energy amount and the amount of high-frequency power or a crest factor value thereof in response to the detected impedance values of ultrasound and high-frequency wave.

Abstract: An apparatus and means of detecting tissue conditions conducive to pressure ulcer formation and reversing these conditions which includes the steps of: noninvasively detecting tissue parameters indicative of tissue health, calculating when these conditions fall outside normal healthy physiological ranges in such a manner that indicates future formation of a pressure ulcer, and in such a situation applying therapeutic stimulation to normalize tissue physiological condition. Said apparatus and method comprise a single, wearable unit. The device can be used in bed or in a wheelchair to treat and prevent the development of pressure ulcers.

Abstract: Optimizing pitch allocation in a cochlear stimulation system may include implanting an electrode array having a plurality of electrodes into the cochlea of a patient, where the electrode array has an associated implant fitting characteristic that defines a relationship between the implanted electrode array and audio frequencies, presenting sounds through the electrode array to the patient, receiving from the patient a selection of one of the sounds that most closely conforms to a single note, and determining a slope of the implant fitting characteristic of the electrode array based on the sound selected by the patient. Each sound may include a fundamental frequency and one or more harmonics. The optimization may also include changing a center frequency of a band pass filter associated with each electrode based on the determined slope.

Abstract: The provision of an potential therapeutic appliance for the delivery into living organisms of highly effective negative ions similar to those found in nature; and in particular, providing a special waveform shaping device that shapes the voltage waveforms delivered to electrodes to efficiently produce negative ions, that is capable of stable performance, and that can be easily manufactured. A waveform shaping device 3 charged with an inorganic insulating powder such as pumice stone powder and a predetermined volume of moisture is disposed in series between a high voltage power supply 2 and an output terminal 12; the current output from the negative terminal of the high voltage power supply is shaped by the waveform shaping device and then delivered to the output terminal; and in a repetitive process, the charge delivered from the high voltage power supply 2 is accumulated temporarily in a terminal 4 and discharged in a burst-like manner; thus facilitating convenient action of negative ions on the human body.

Abstract: Apparatus in the form of a bandage for generating an electrostatic field which when placed in proximity to a wound or scar induces polarization therein to facilitate the healing process. Methods of treating wounds and scars particularly in humans utilizing the bandage is also disclosed.

Abstract: A cochlear implant implementing a directional sound processing system is provided. Specifically, the cochlear implants implementing the present invention comprise a plurality of audio sensors arranged in at least one external component of the cochlear implant to spatially receive ambient sound. At least one audio sensor is located in one of the external components of the cochlear implant, while one other audio sensor is located elsewhere, such as in a component other than the first component. The cochlear implant includes an directional sound processor comprising an array processor and a sound processor to convert the received sounds into a cochlea stimulation instruction signal.

Abstract: The invention provides systems and methods for neuromuscular electrical stimulation to muscle tissue. Stimulation electrodes and sensors may be provided, such that signals provided by the sensors may affect the signals provided to the stimulation electrodes, thus providing a feedback. Stimulation electrodes may be provided on a stimulation pad and sensors may be provided on a sensing pad, which may be designed to conform to an anatomical feature. A system for neuromuscular electrical stimulation may also include temperature sensitive elements that may help prevent burns, especially for comatose, sedated, or patients in critical condition. The system may also include a cooling assembly for a stimulation pad.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system and a method for artificial nerve networking capable of restoring a damaged nerve and allowing selective detection, analysis, transmission and stimulation of a signal from the damaged nerve. The artificial nerve networking system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a first nerve conduit connected at one end of a damaged nerve; a second nerve conduit connected at the other end of the damaged nerve; and an artificial nerve networking unit electrically connected to the first nerve conduit and the second nerve conduit and recovering the function of the damaged nerve by transmitting and receiving a signal to and from the damaged nerve.

Abstract: An implantable arrangement including an implantable electromedical device having an exterior wall and an implantable sensor and/or actuator outside of the exterior wall. The sensor and/or actuator are in signal connection with the implantable device via an electric stage and a mechanical stage arranged in series, wherein the mechanical stage sends and/or receives mechanical vibration signals through the closed exterior wall, and the electrical stage sends and/or receives the same signals in electrical form.

Abstract: A method of treating shoulder dysfunction involves the use of a percutaneous, intramuscular stimulation system. A plurality of intramuscular stimulation electrodes are implanted directly into select shoulder muscles of a patient who has suffered a disruption of the central nervous system such as a stroke, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury or cerebral palsy. An external microprocessor based multi-channel stimulation pulse train generator is used for generating select electrical stimulation pulse train signals. A plurality of insulated electrode leads percutaneously, electrically interconnect the plurality of intramuscular stimulation electrodes to the external stimulation pulse train generator, respectively. Stimulation pulse train parameters for each of the stimulation pulse train output channels are selected independently of the other channels. The shoulder is evaluated for subluxation in more than one dimension.

Abstract: A method of treating a wide variety of heretofore considered unrelated ailments comprises delivering electricity through a circuit in the body. The circuit includes at least four nerves leading from at least two of the patient's extremities to various nerve roots adjacent the spinal column. Electrical energy from an electrical interferential therapy device is delivered through electrodes on the extremities adjacent the nerve endings until symptoms of the diagnosed ailment ameliorates. Sending impulses from the periphery to the central nervous system appears to the help the body manufacture various neuropeptides and other chemicals which control the essential basics of the body's health and well being.