Abstract: Provided are a vehicle thermal management system of an electric vehicle and a control method thereof. The vehicle thermal management system of an electric vehicle includes a refrigeration assembly, a cabin heat exchanger, a motor-drive-side heat exchange assembly, a battery heat exchanger, and a radiator tank. The outlet of the cabin heat exchanger communicates with one of the heat exchange inlet of a chiller or the heat exchange inlet of a cabin evaporator. The inlet of the motor-drive-side heat exchange assembly communicates with at least one of the outlet of the cabin heat exchanger, the heat exchange outlet of the chiller, or the heat exchange outlet of a water-cooled condenser. The outlet of the motor-drive-side heat exchange assembly communicates with at least one of the heat exchange inlet of the water-cooled condenser or the inlet of the cabin heat exchanger.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a computing center that includes a computing system disposed in a chamber. The computing system includes a plurality of cooling elements and a plurality of processors, each processor thermally coupled to a cooling element of the plurality of cooling elements. The computing also center includes at least one heat pump disposed in the chamber; at least one gas-liquid exchanger disposed in the chamber. The also computing center includes a hot liquid circuit coupling the plurality of cooling elements to the gas-liquid exchanger, the hot liquid circuit further comprising a hot liquid connection on a wall of the chamber and a cold liquid circuit coupling the heat pump to the gas-liquid exchanger, wherein the heat pump is configured to extract thermal energy from the cold liquid circuit and supply it to the hot liquid circuit.

Abstract: A network communications device includes a chassis, a plurality of modules removably inserted into a plurality of slots in the chassis. A coolant is delivered to a first group of the plurality of modules with a first flow control valve in a first cooling loop and the coolant is delivered to a second group of the plurality of modules with a second flow control valve in a second cooling loop. The network communication device further includes a plurality of sensors for monitoring a temperature in the first cooling loop and the second cooling loop and a control system for controlling delivery of the coolant to the first group and the second group, where the control system controls transmitting a signal to one of the first flow control valve and the second flow control valve to modify a flow of the coolant.

Abstract: A cooling control device has an inverter control unit that executes switching control of an inverter for driving a rotary electric machine, and a cooling control unit. On condition that the switching control is stopped, if it is judged that a control temperature is below a threshold value thereof, the cooling control unit executes driving and control of a cooling device such as to lower a degree of cooling of a cooling target component below the degree of cooling when it is judged that the control temperature is above the threshold value. The cooling target component is composed of at least one of the rotary electric machine and the inverter. The control temperature is either a detected temperature value of the cooling target component or an estimated temperature value from a temperature estimation unit that estimates the temperature of the cooling target component.

Abstract: A power converter system is described. The system includes a power converter with a first converter including a plurality of semiconductor devices. Each semiconductor device includes at least a controllable semiconductor switch having a threshold voltage and a gate voltage for normal on-state conduction. The first converter has first and second DC terminals connected to a DC circuit, and a plurality of AC terminals. A controller is configured to supply current to the first converter (e.g., from an AC power source) and enable a short circuit state of the first converter by controlling semiconductor switches of the first converter to create at least one short circuit path through the first converter that carries the supplied current. At least one of the semiconductor switches in at least one of the short circuit paths is operated with modified on-state conduction in order to increase conduction losses.

Abstract: Method, system, and computer program product embodiments of heating a flow of liquid by transfer of heat with computing devices. Embodiments also include determining a dynamic cooling capacity index for each of the computing devices, and allocating processing workload among the first computing device and the second computing device based on the dynamic cooling capacity indexes of the computing devices. Embodiments further include allocating workload and/or regulating flow rate of the flow of liquid to maintain a predetermined value or range of values of temperature of the liquid.

Abstract: A computer equipment cooling device comprising: a temperature dependent thermal conduction member that includes a first major surface and a second major surface; a set of fins connected in thermal communication with the first major surface; and a cold plate connected in thermal communication with the second major surface.

Abstract: An outdoor unit includes a housing that includes a front panel and a back panel facing the front panel. The outdoor unit further includes a bell mouth provided on the front panel and a heat dissipator that dissipates heat generated by electric components. A windward end surface and a leeward end surface of the heat dissipator are, when viewed from above, placed in a region between a virtual surface and the back panel, the virtual surface being a virtual surface that is in contact with an end of the bell mouth on a side of the back panel and is parallel to an inner surface of the front panel.

Abstract: A water-cooling radiator includes a first water collection box, a second water collection box and a plurality of radiating pipes. A water pump chamber is disposed in a box body, and is in cooperation with a water pump, an impeller and a water pump cover to form a water pump structure with good airtightness, so that the water pump and the first water collection box are effectively combined. The flow speed of water in the water-cooling radiator is effectively accelerated, which improves the heat dissipation efficiency. The overall heat dissipation effect of the product is very good.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a battery, an air conditioner, a first temperature adjustment circuit including a first pump and a chiller, a second temperature adjustment circuit including a second pump and a radiator, a coupling passage configured to connect the first temperature adjustment circuit and the second temperature adjustment circuit to form a coupling circuit, an electromagnetic switching valve configured to switch between a circulation state in which the heat medium can circulate through the coupling circuit and a non-circulation state in which the heat medium cannot circulate through the coupling circuit, a first temperature sensor configured to acquire a first temperature which is a temperature of the battery, and a control device configured to select any one mode of a plurality of modes in accordance with the first temperature.

Abstract: A cooling system for a vehicle includes a cooling apparatus including a radiator and a first water pump connected by a coolant line and circulating a coolant to the coolant line, a battery module provided on a battery coolant line selectively connected to the coolant line through a first valve, and a first chiller provided on the battery coolant line between the first valve and the battery coolant line. The first chiller is connected to a refrigerant line of the air-conditioning apparatus and is configured to heat-exchange the selective inflowed coolant with the refrigerant supplied from the air-conditioning apparatus to adjust a temperature of the coolant. The cooling system further includes an automatic driving controller connected to the coolant line so that the coolant is circulated inside, wherein the battery module or the automatic driving controller is cooled selectively by at least one cooling mode.

Abstract: An integrated thermal management system for vehicles includes: a first cooling line; a second cooling line; a refrigerant line; and a bypass line configured to diverge from the second cooling line, to be connected to a chiller, and to allow a coolant to bypass a second radiator and to circulate between a high-voltage battery and the chiller.

Abstract: This invention describes the use of pre-packaged air shipping containers for delivery of edge data center equipment. The containers are capable of rapid deployment and positioning at the edge data center delivery site to minimize time between the order of equipment and deployment of a functioning edge data center. The containers allow for easy access, and rapid repair/replacement of modular edge data center equipment.

Abstract: A vehicular thermal management system includes: an indoor-air-conditioner disposed in a first vehicle body having a passenger space and including a compressor, a first condenser, an evaporator, a blower, and a refrigerant line; and a component-air-conditioner disposed in a second vehicle body combinable with the first vehicle body and including an electrical component line for cooling an electrical component of the vehicle and a first battery line for cooling a high-voltage battery including a chiller which extends toward the first vehicle body to be disposed behind the evaporator when the first vehicle body is combined with the second vehicle body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a shipping container for cryopreserved biological samples in which a cryopreserved sample can be maintained on arrival at its destination for a period of time, for example several months.

Abstract: A heat pump system for a vehicle may control a temperature of a battery module by use of one chiller in which a refrigerant and a coolant are heat-exchanged; and may increase a flow rate of the refrigerant by applying a gas injection device that selectively operates in a cooling, heating, or dehumidifying mode of a vehicle, maximizing cooling and heating performance.

Abstract: One embodiment includes an engine block heating system. The engine block heating system includes a battery bank. The battery bank is configured to supply at least 2.25 KWatt-hours of energy before needing to be recharged. The battery bank is configured to be mounted in a vehicle comprising an engine block heater. The system further includes interface configured to connect to electrical connections of the engine block heater. The interface comprises an inverter is configured to supply at least 1500 Watts of power to the engine block heater. The engine block heating system is configured to selectively supply power from the battery bank to the engine block heater. The system further includes control circuitry coupled to the interface. The control circuitry stores a user-defined schedule to selectively control when the interface electrically connects the battery bank to the engine block heater.

Abstract: Presented are joint active thermal management (JATM) systems with heat exchanger storage of surplus refrigerant, methods for making/operating such systems, and vehicles equipped with such systems. A JATM system includes a coolant loop that fluidly connects to a vehicle battery system for pumping thereto coolant, an oil loop thermally coupled to the coolant loop and fluidly connected to a vehicle powertrain system for pumping thereto oil, and a refrigerant loop thermally coupled to the coolant loop and operable to circulate refrigerant for heating/cooling a passenger compartment. An electronic controller determines if a current amount of refrigerant in the refrigerant loop exceeds a calibrated threshold for the current operating mode of the JATM system. If so, the controller determines if one of the refrigerant loop's heat exchangers is available to store excess refrigerant. If the heat exchanger is available, the refrigerant loop stores excess refrigerant in the available refrigerant heat exchanger.

Abstract: A vehicle battery cooling system includes a battery temperature sensor, a vehicle cabin temperature sensor, a discharge path via which a vehicle cabin, a battery chamber, and outside of a vehicle communicate with each other, a circulation path that circulates air between the vehicle cabin and the battery chamber, a switching unit that switches between the discharge path and the circulation path, and a controller. When a pressurization condition is satisfied, the controller operates the switching unit to select one of the discharge path and the circulation path based on measurement results of the battery temperature sensor and the vehicle cabin temperature sensor. The pressurization condition includes a condition that an air pressure in the vehicle cabin is higher than atmospheric pressure. When temperature of a battery is in a low cooling range and is higher than temperature in the vehicle cabin, the controller selects the discharge path.

Abstract: An information handling system includes an air mover and a thermal manager. The thermal manager identifies an air mover identification event for the air mover; in response to identifying the air mover identification event: places the air mover in a type identification state, and while the air mover is in the type identification state, identifies a type of the air mover; and, after identifying the type of the air mover, places the air mover in an active state based on the type of the air mover.

Abstract: An electric drivetrain for installation in a vehicle chassis. A generator coupled to an engine generates electric power for charging an array of batteries. The vehicle, including components and subsystems, may be powered electrically from the batteries, allowing the engine and generator to be easily replaced or customized for an industry, geographic region, fuel type, or a set of emission requirements. A thermal management system may determine a battery temperature for the set of batteries and cause one or more of a coolant system, a refrigerant system, an exhaust gas system or an ambient air heat exchanger to add heat to the set of batteries or transfer heat away from the set of batteries.

Abstract: A battery housing for a traction battery may include a first housing part and a second housing part fixed removably to each other. Battery modules of the traction battery may be fixable on the first housing part. The housing may also include a reinforcing structure having a plurality of reinforcing ribs reinforcing the first housing part, and a ducted structure with a plurality of coolant ducts for a coolant fixed on the first housing part. The plurality of coolant ducts may each be connectable to a respective temperature-control unit of a battery module in a coolant-conducting fashion. At least one of the coolant ducts may be at least partially embedded in one of the reinforcing ribs.

Abstract: An outdoor unit of an air conditioner includes a compressor that compresses a first refrigerant introduced from an indoor unit of the air conditioner and a condenser that condenses the first refrigerant compressed by the compressor. A first driving circuit drives the compressor and a second driving circuit regulates a voltage of the first driving circuit. A cooling unit includes: a heat dissipation member that comes into thermal contact with the first driving circuit and the second driving circuit, and a refrigerant pipe that is provided in the heat dissipation member, and has a path along which a second refrigerant moves through the first driving circuit and the second driving circuit. As a result, it is possible to efficiently cool the first driving circuit and the second driving circuit.

Abstract: A heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning (HVAC) unit may include a supply fan section having a supply fan disposed therein to force a supply air flow through a discharge plenum of the HVAC unit. The HVAC unit may also include an economizer positioned adjacent the supply fan section to receive an outdoor air flow and direct the outdoor air flow into the supply fan section.

Abstract: Logging electronics are housed within a tool housing. A first coolant reservoir is housed within the tool housing. A second coolant reservoir is housed within the tool housing. A tubing length defines a coolant passage. The tubing length fluidically connects the first coolant reservoir to the second coolant reservoir. A portion of the tubing length is adjacent to the logging electronics. A flow regulator is within the coolant passage. The flow regulator regulates a coolant flow between the first coolant reservoir and the second coolant reservoir.

Abstract: Embodiments are disclosed of an apparatus multiple information technology (IT) units arranged into an IT cluster. Each IT unit includes an IT container paired with a corresponding cooler. The IT cluster includes first and second rows, each row having an upstream end and a downstream end and including one or more IT units positioned adjacent to and abutting each other. The cooler of each IT unit in each row is either fluidly coupled by an intra-row fluid connection to the IT container of the next downstream IT unit in the same row or is fluidly coupled by an inter-row fluid connection to the IT container of an IT unit in the second row. The cluster includes at least one pair of inter-row fluid connections, so that the pair of inter-row fluid connections, the intra-row fluid connections in the first row, and the intra-row fluid connections in the second row, form at least one fluid loop within the IT cluster. The internal and external loop are arranged in different modular designs.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an energy efficient thermoelectric heat pump assembly. The thermoelectric heat pump assembly preferably includes two to nine thermoelectric unit layers capable of active use of the Peltier effect; and at least one capacitance spacer block suitable for storing heat and providing a delayed thermal reaction time of the assembly. The capacitance spacer block is thermally connected between the thermoelectric unit layers. The present invention further relates to a thermoelectric transport and storage devices for transporting or storing temperature sensitive goods, for example, vaccines, chemicals, biologicals, and other temperature sensitive goods. Preferably the transport or storage devices are configured and provide on-board energy storage for sustaining, for multiple days, at a constant-temperature, with an acceptable temperature variation band.

Abstract: A heat pump system for a vehicle may include a cooling apparatus of circulating a coolant in a coolant line to cool at least one electrical component provided in the coolant line; a battery cooling apparatus of circulating the coolant to the battery module; a heating apparatus that heats an interior of the vehicle using the coolant; a chiller for heat-exchanging the coolant with a refrigerant to control a temperature of the coolant; and, wherein the chiller is connected to a chiller connection line through a third valve provided in the coolant line between the radiator and a second valve, and, wherein the reservoir tank is provided in the coolant line between the radiator and the first valve, and is connected to the coolant line connecting the first valve and the first water pump through a supply line bypassing the first valve.

Abstract: A vehicular thermal management system includes: an indoor-air-conditioner disposed in a first vehicle body having a passenger space and including a compressor, a first condenser, an evaporator, a blower, and a refrigerant line; and a component-air-conditioner disposed in a second vehicle body combinable with the first vehicle body and including an electrical component line for cooling an electrical component of the vehicle and a first battery line for cooling a high-voltage battery including a chiller which extends toward the first vehicle body to be disposed behind the evaporator when the first vehicle body is combined with the second vehicle body.

Abstract: A data center system includes a frame assembly that includes a plurality of bays defined along a lengthwise dimension of the frame assembly, the plurality of bays arranged in a plurality of stacked layers of bays, the plurality of stacked layers including at least a first layer of bays and a second layer of bays positioned vertically above the first layer of bays; a plurality of server racks positioned in the bays of the first layer of bays, each of the server racks configured to support a plurality of data center server devices that define a particular amount of computing power; and a plurality of network switches positioned in the bays of the second layer of bays, each of the network switches communicably coupled to at least one of the data center server devices in the first layer of bays.

Abstract: A water-cooling thermal dissipating method controls at least one of a fan, a pump, and a throttle valve to cool a heat generating element inside an electronic device through a cooling liquid. The method includes steps of: (a) performing a self-condition inspection, (b) detecting whether a working temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than a first predetermined temperature, and detecting whether a working temperature of the heat generating element is greater than a second predetermined temperature, (c) outputting a first warning signal if the working temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than the first predetermined temperature and a liquid level of the cooling liquid is not lower than a threshold liquid level, and outputting a second warning signal if the working temperature of the heat generating element is greater than the second predetermined temperature, and (d) displaying the first warning signal and the second warning signal.

Abstract: An apparatus that reduces leakage current and noise in various environments. The apparatus includes a motor, an inverter to supply power to the motor and a plurality of switching elements configured to convert input DC power into three-phase AC power, and a processor to control the plurality of switching elements. The processor generates a carrier, obtains a rising and falling edge timing of a PWM control signal of each phase based on superposition of a zero phase voltage, and drives a motor by shifting the PWM control signal of each phase to allow a rising edge timing and a falling edge timing of a PWM control signal of one phase among the PWM control signal of the each phase to be different from a rising edge timing and a falling edge timing of a PWM control signal of other phase among the PWM control signal of the each phase.

Abstract: Systems and methods for cooling computing device expansion modules based on airflow rates are disclosed. According to an aspect, a method includes determining airflow rates in areas available for operable connection of expansion modules within a computing device during operation of the computing device. The method also includes determining expected power consumption of the expansion modules. Further, the method includes presenting placement of the expansion modules in the areas based on the determined airflow rates and the expected power consumption of the expansion modules.

Abstract: A modular chiller system includes a switching and pumping module, one or more drycooler modules, and one or more chiller modules. The switching and pumping module, the one or more drycooler modules, and the one or more chiller modules share same water, power, and signal interfaces. The cooling capacity of the modular chiller system may be increased by adding drycooler modules or chiller modules without additional hydraulic and electrical infrastructures.

Abstract: A temperature detector (201) of an input unit (200) acquires a temperature of the input unit (200). A temperature detector (301) of an output unit (300) acquires a temperature of the output unit (300). When the temperature of the input unit (200) or the output unit (300) satisfies a preset condition, an input/output manager (101) of the CPU unit (100) controls passage/blockage of a signal from the detector (901) to the input unit (200) or a signal from the output unit (300) to a control target device (902) in accordance with preset content of signal input/output restriction.

Abstract: A cooling arrangement for autonomous cooling of a rack hosting components and fans comprises a closed loop and an open loop. Liquid cooling is used in the closed loop to transfer heat from heat-generating units of the components to a primary side of a liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger. An air-to-liquid cooling unit is used in the open loop to absorb heat expelled from the rack by the fans. A liquid from a cold supply line is first heated to some degree in the air-to-liquid cooling unit before reaching a secondary side of the liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger. The primary side being hotter than the secondary side, heat is transferred from the primary side to the secondary side of the liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger. The liquid is expelled at a higher temperature from the secondary side to a hot return line.

Abstract: An outdoor unit for a refrigeration apparatus includes: a casing that houses a plurality of devices including a first device and a second device; a plurality of electric components including a first electric component and a second electric component; an electric component box disposed in the casing and that houses the plurality of electric components; a first wire that carries a first voltage or current between the first electric component and the first device; a second wire that carries a second voltage or current between the second electric component and the second device; and a cover part that suppresses entry of liquid into the electric component box. The second voltage or current is lower than the first voltage or current.

Abstract: The invention belongs to the technical field of water cooling radiators, and relates to a water cooling head, a water cooling radiator and an electronic equipment. The water cooling head includes a center module, a first water pump, a second water pump, and a heat exchange module. The center module is provided with a first water inlet channel, a second water inlet channel, a first water outlet channel, a second water outlet channel, a water inlet and a water outlet. The first water cavity is enclosed between the first water pump and the center module, and a second water cavity is enclosed between the second water pump and the center module, and a third water cavity is enclosed between the heat exchange module and the center module. The heat exchanging module is used for heat exchanging of the cooling liquid flowing through the third water cavity.

Abstract: A ceiling-embedded air conditioner includes: a ceiling-embedded casing body; a turbo fan disposed inside the casing body; a heat exchanger disposed inside the casing body on an outer peripheral side of the turbo fan; and an electrical equipment box disposed along a part of the heat exchanger at the upstream side of a ventilation direction. The casing body has a square shape with first to fourth side plates. The heat exchanger has first to fourth heat exchange portions bent along the first to fourth side plates respectively. An end portion of the first heat exchange portion and an end portion of the fourth heat exchange portion are disposed at a corner for tube connection out of the four corners of the casing body. The electrical equipment box is disposed to extend from the corner for tube connection toward the first heat exchange portion and the fourth heat exchange portion.

Abstract: The embodiments herein describe technologies of cryogenic digital systems with a first component located in a first non-cryogenic temperature domain, a second component located in a second temperature domain that is lower in temperature than the first cryogenic temperature domain, and a third component located in a cryogenic temperature domain that is lower in temperature than the second cryogenic temperature domain.

Abstract: Systems and methods disclose self-contained data center facility operations, management and build comprising, in the data center facility, installing a plurality of computer servers contained in a corresponding plurality of configurable rack mounted containers, a single or plurality of heat exchangers operatively coupled to the configurable rack mounted containers, and comprised in a thermal heat exchange system which further comprises a closed loop cooling unit. The closed loop cooling unit is caused to absorb heat from the single or plurality of heat exchangers.

Abstract: Server racks that are integrated with cold air delivery are described. Each server rack has a tube having a hollow space therein. The hollow space is used to deliver cold air via one or more valves to one or more servers. The one or more valves are either integrated or fitted to the server racks. The use of the hollow space by itself increases pressure of the cold air. There is no need to use a large fan that consumes a large amount of energy to pressurize the cold air and no need to use a raised floor.

Abstract: An integrated inverter assembly including a main cover and an opposing back cover, a coolant channel separating body interposed between an upper coolant channel and a lower coolant channel. The upper coolant channel may be thermally coupled to a first plurality of electronic components of the integrated inverter assembly. The lower coolant channel may be thermally coupled to a second plurality of electronic components of the integrated inverter assembly. The first plurality of electronic components include at least one gate driver.

Abstract: Technologies for managing hot spots in a compute device with use of a vortex tube are disclosed. Cold air from one or more vortex tubes can be routed to hot spots of one or more compute devices, providing effective spot cooling. This approach may allow for cooling of components that might otherwise be difficult to cool, such as components where would be difficult or impossible to cool with a heat sink. This approach may also be effective in cooling components that are downstream of a heat sink and would otherwise only be cooled by air that was already heated by the heat sink.

Abstract: A water-cooled pressurized distributive heat dissipation system used for dissipating heat of servers in the rack is provided. The servers are fixed in the rack in a ranging direction. The system includes a water tank having a distributing duct, branch modules separately corresponding to the servers and a converging duct. Each branch module has a branch pump and a water block in a corresponding one of the servers. The branch pump of each branch module connects between the distributing duct and the water block. The converging duct connects to the water blocks in the ranging direction.

Abstract: Energy efficient control of cooling system cooling of an electronic system is provided based, in part, on weighted cooling effectiveness of the components. The control includes automatically determining speed control settings for multiple adjustable cooling components of the cooling system. The automatically determining is based, at least in part, on weighted cooling effectiveness of the components of the cooling system, and the determining operates to limit power consumption of at least the cooling system, while ensuring that a target temperature associated with at least one of the cooling system or the electronic system is within a desired range by provisioning, based on the weighted cooling effectiveness, a desired target temperature change among the multiple adjustable cooling components of the cooling system. The provisioning includes provisioning applied power to the multiple adjustable cooling components via, at least in part, the determined control settings.

Abstract: An electronic device is immersed in a coolant filled in a cooling apparatus, and directly cooled. The electronic device is configured to be housed in a housing part of the cooling apparatus, and includes a base board, storage substrates to be arranged on at least one surface of the base board, a backplane mounted orthogonally onto the one surface of the base board, and flash storage units mounted on the respective storage substrates. The backplane includes a combination of backplane units each including a signal connector and a power connector. The signal connector and the power connector are disposed separately for each of the backplane units. The flash storage units are arranged on a surface parallel to at least one surface of each of the storage substrates so as to be adjacent one another in a width or a length direction of the flash storage unit.

Abstract: A system includes a high side heat exchanger, a flash tank, an air conditioner load, an air conditioner ejector, a refrigeration load, a first compressor, a second compressor, and a vapor ejector. The high side heat exchanger removes heat from a refrigerant. The flash tank stores the refrigerant from the high side heat exchanger. The air conditioner load uses the refrigerant from the flash tank to remove heat from a first space proximate the air conditioner load. The air conditioner ejector pumps the refrigerant from the air conditioner load to the flash tank. The refrigeration load uses the refrigerant from the flash tank to remove heat from a second space proximate the refrigeration load. The first compressor compresses the refrigerant from the refrigeration load. The second compressor compresses a flash gas from the flash tank. The vapor ejector pumps the refrigerant from the refrigeration load to the flash tank.

Abstract: An onboard battery for a vehicle includes battery modules each including battery cells disposed therein, a housing case that houses the battery modules, and intake ducts that introduce cooling air into the battery modules. The cooling air is taken from rearward into the battery modules via the intake ducts. The battery modules include at least three battery modules, at least two of the battery modules being disposed in upper and lower stages. At least two of the battery modules are arranged along a longitudinal direction. One of the battery modules is disposed at the forefront.

Abstract: A thermal management system for a vehicle may include: a cooling apparatus including a radiator, a first water pump, a first valve, and a reservoir tank connected through a coolant line; a battery cooling apparatus including a battery coolant line connected to the reservoir tank through a second valve, and a second water pump and a battery module connected through the battery coolant line; a chiller provided in a branch line connected to the battery coolant line through the second valve and connected to a refrigerant line of an air conditioner through a refrigerant connection line; and a heating circuit including a heater connected to the coolant line and the branch line through first and second connection lines.