Abstract: Within aspects of the present invention, correlation anomalies are calculated in four stages for a reference data set, and a target data set, respectively, the four stages are: Initially, a similarity matrix K of the variables to be diagnosed is calculated. This similarity matrix is embedded in a low-dimensional vector space in order to calculate and obtain the coordinates {z1, . . . zp} for each variable. Next, an energy value {e1, . . . ep} is calculated per variable from calculated coordinates. Lastly, a comparison is made of the energy values that have been calculated for the target data set with the energy values of that have been calculated for the reference data set in order to determine the degree of correlation anomalies that has occurred between the two data sets.

Abstract: A multi-stage process utilizing one or more radiation sensors on a distributed network for the detection and identification of radiation, explosives, and special materials within a shipping container. The sensors are configured as nodes on the network. The system supports extended time options at each node and the ability to combine data from multiple nodes for the data acquisition and analysis of shipping containers. The system collects radiation data from one or more nodes and compares the collected data to one or more stored spectral images representing one or more isotopes to identify one or more isotopes present. The identified one or more isotopes present are corresponded to possible materials or goods that they represent. The possible materials or goods are compared with the manifest relating to the container to confirm the identity of materials or goods contained in the container or to detect and/or identify unauthorized materials or goods in the container.

Abstract: A generator controller, in its various embodiments, displays genset fault messages, a genset elapsed time hour meter, service countdown reminder, monitors battery voltage changes over multiple periods of time to establish and display the “battery level,” uses the “battery level” to automatically start and stop the genset, and accepts multiple run requests from AC loads such as HVAC systems, and incorporates safety or other start inhibit features.

Abstract: A method that uses a goodness of fit test/measurement (e.g., correction coefficient) for process control of a test parameter (e.g., resistance). At least the minimum number of test values required to calculate a goodness of fit test is obtained. A curve is fitted for the test parameters values and the independent variable(s). A goodness of fit measurement/test (e.g., correlation coefficient) is calculated for the curve and data. The goodness of fit measurement value is used for process control. Control limits can be established on the goodness of fit measurement values. The use of the goodness of fit test is a sensitive test that can used to control processes with low level defects or small fluctuations.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for determining the reliability of an estimate such as particulate accumulation on a diesel particulate filter, weighing the estimate according to a function of its reliability, weighing a prediction of particulate accumulation on the filter according to a function of the estimate's reliability, and combining the weighted estimate and weighted prediction to determine a combined particulate load estimate. The degree of reliability can be expressed as a trust factor, and a function of the trust factor can be used in a low-pass filter of the estimate. The trust factor value depends on filter air flow and particulate distribution in one embodiment. Regeneration of the particulate filter may be initiated depending on the value of the combined particulate load estimate.

Abstract: A system that uses statistical techniques to selectively transmit data from a sensor. During operation, the system receives a sequence of quantized values from the sensor. The system then determines whether a distribution for the sequence of quantized values indicates that the sensor is observing a real event. If so, the system transmits sensor data for the real event to a receiver.

Abstract: A processor generating a histogram of a set of data values receives a data value, and sets a corresponding register in each of two sets of registers based respectively on a decoded value represented by bits in a first and second set of positions in the received data value. The processor then simultaneously increments/updates each of multiple frequency counters (specifying frequency of occurrence of respective data values/ranges) by a value of a corresponding register in one of the two sets of registers if a value of a corresponding register in the other one of the two sets of registers is set. As a result, histogram generation is made efficient and fast. In an embodiment, 32 frequency counters are updated in 16 operations.

Abstract: Systems and methods consistent with embodiments of the present invention provide a method for the measurement and analysis of particle counts in flow cytometry and hematology instruments. In some methods for the measurement and analysis of particle counts, a corrected histogram of particle distributions is calculated and used to obtain an accurate count of particles and an accurate measurement of other particle parameters.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for identifying the impacts of interfering effects on experimental data. In particular, a method is described for identifying the impacts of unwanted auto-fluorescence, fluorescence quenching, and deterioration of a fluorescent sample under study on the collected experimental data. The data are analyzed whether or not said data fulfill certain criteria with respect to a threshold which is indicative for said interfering effect.

Abstract: A metric monitoring and analysis system including dynamic sampling agents located in monitored system elements and a service management platform. Each sampling agent includes a data adapter collecting metric data in a common format, a threshold generator for determining dynamic metric threshold ranges, an alarm detector generating an indicator when a metric deviates outside a dynamic threshold range or a static threshold, and a deviation tracker generating an alarm severity scores. The service platform includes an alarm analyzer identifying root causes of system alarm conditions by correlation of grouped metrics or forensic analysis of temporally or statistically correlated secondary forensic data or data items from a service model of the system.

Abstract: A method for creating a histogram that includes identifying a lower extreme range counter and an upper extreme range counter for a plurality of data elements. The method further includes incrementing a value counter when the value counter corresponds to a value of a first data element in the plurality of data elements and incrementing the lower extreme range counter when a value of a second data element in the plurality of data elements is less than a pre-defined lower boundary. The method further includes incrementing the upper extreme range counter when a value of a third data element in the plurality of data elements is greater than a pre-defined upper boundary. The method further includes creating the histogram from the value counter, the lower extreme range counter, and the upper extreme range counter.

Abstract: A periodic broadband signal can be used to determine the S21 measurement for a channel by stimulating the channel across a spectrum of interest. The channel response to such broadband signal can be measured from undersampled data captured at the receiver. The Fourier transform of the broadband signal as received, divided by the Fourier transform of broadband signal as transmitted, constitutes the S21. A physically contiguous IC can integrate both a receiver circuit, at which S21 is to be measured, along with an undersampler for sampling the received broadband signal. To maximize signal to noise, a pattern for the broadband signal can be selected to maximize the minimum power across the spectrum of interest. A pattern generator for the broadband signal can be integrated on the same physically contiguous IC with a multiplexer that can select either the pattern generator, or a typical source of data, for transmission into the channel.

Abstract: Within aspects of the present invention, correlation anomalies are calculated in four stages for a reference data set, and a target data set, respectively, the four stages are: Initially, a similarity matrix K of the variables to be diagnosed is calculated. This similarity matrix is embedded in a low-dimensional vector space in order to calculate and obtain the coordinates {z1 . . . zp} for each variable. Next, an energy value {e1, . . . ep} is calculated per variable from calculated coordinates. Lastly, a comparison is made of the energy values that have been calculated for the target data set with the energy values of that have been calculated for the reference data set in order to determine the degree of correlation anomalies that has occurred between the two data sets.

Abstract: A system and circuit for constructing a synchronous signal diagram from asynchronous sampled data provides a low cost and production-integrable technique for providing a signal diagram. The data signal is edge-detected and asynchronously sampled (or alternatively a clock signal is latched). The data signal or a second signal is compared to a settable threshold voltage and sampled. The edge and comparison data are folded according to a swept timebase to find a minimum jitter period. The crossing of the signal diagram edges is determined from a peak of a histogram of the folded edge data. A histogram of ratios of the sample values versus displacement from the position of the crossing location is generated for each threshold voltage. The technique is repeated over a range of settable threshold voltages. Then, the ratio counts are differentiated across the histograms with respect to threshold voltage, from which a signal diagram is populated.

Abstract: A network component comprising at least one processor configured to implement a method comprising creating a bivariate histogram using impulse noise data comprising a plurality of variables, wherein the bivariate histogram describes the joint statistics between at least two of the variables. Also disclosed is an apparatus comprising an impulse noise monitor (INM) in communication with an impulse noise sensor (INS), wherein the INM is configured to receive error data from the INS and create a bivariate histogram comprising a plurality of variables using the error data. Included is a method comprising providing a bivariate histogram comprising an impulse noise length (IL) and an impulse noise inter-arrival time (IAT) for a plurality of impulse noise events, wherein the IL and the IAT are each measured in integer multiples of discrete multi-tone symbols, and wherein the bivariate histogram is used to determine a minimum impulse noise protection.

Abstract: Tracking a motion of a body by obtaining two types of measurements associated with the motion of the body, one of the types including acoustic measurement. An estimate of either an orientation or a position of the body is updated based on one of the two types of measurement, for example based on inertial measurement. The estimate is then updated based on the other of the two types of measurements, for example based on acoustic ranging. The invention also features determining range measurement to selected reference devices that are fixed in the environment of the body.

Abstract: Histograms are widely used to explore data, to present data, and to persuade with data. A method and system for identifying all possible histograms from a data sample using histogram appearances. The method and system includes determining all possible one dimensional histogram appearances for a transformed data sample using constant width intervals and for multidimensional appearances with data cell boundaries that are parallel as well as not parallel to data space axes together with multiple conditions on the interval widths for each dimension or transformed dimension.

Abstract: A system, method and program product for processing a stream of data events using hybrid histograms. A system is provided that includes: a hybrid histogram that provides a running statistical summary of the stream of data events, wherein the hybrid histogram includes a plurality of percentile ranges, a set of boundary values that separate the percentile ranges, and a count associated with each of the percentile ranges; a histogram processing system for identifying a percentile range from the plurality of percentile ranges into which a new data event value falls, and for incrementing the count associated with the identified percentile range; a periodic boundary recalculation system for periodically recalculating the boundary values such that each percentile range includes a substantially similar number of associated counts; and an analysis system that analyzes the hybrid histogram.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a system that facilitates computer system monitoring. During operation, the system receives monitored signals from a computer system. The system then computes cross-correlation coefficients between the signals. Next, the system groups the signals into clusters based on the cross-correlation coefficients, wherein signals within a cluster are closely correlated. The system also monitors signals within each cluster, and checks cross correlations between signals within each cluster to identify computer system anomalies.

Abstract: A method a low cost and production-integrable technique for providing a signal diagram. The data signal is edge-detected and asynchronoulsy sampled (or alternatively a clock signal is latched). The data signal or a second signal is compared to a settable threshold voltage and sampled. The edge and comparison data are folded according to a swept timebase tofind a minimum jitter period. The crossing of the signal diagram edges is determined from a peak of a histogram of the folded edge data. A histogram of ratios of the sample values versus displacement from the position of the crossing location is generated for each threshold voltage. The technique is repeated over a range of settable threshold voltages. Then, the ratio counts are differentiated across the histograms with respect to threshold voltage, from which a signal diagram is populated.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for producing a mining model accuracy display that depicts the model's accuracy at predicting a state for a multiple-state variable. The model predicts a state and provides an associated probability for each case. Points are graphed such that one coordinate of the data point corresponds to a number N of cases and the other coordinate corresponds to the number of correct predictions made in the top N cases by probability.

Abstract: A histogram can be generated and displayed with noisy category values, where the noise values are selected from a noise distribution that is calculated using a histogram diameter. The noise values are combined with histogram category values, thereby producing noisy histogram category values that do not reveal information about the contributors.

Abstract: Histograms formed based on samples of a population, such as histograms created from random page-level samples of a data store, are intelligently scaled to histograms estimating distribution of the entire population of the data store. As an optional optimization, where a threshold number of duplicate samples are observed during page-level sampling, the number of distinct values in the overall population data is presumed to be the number of distinct values in the sample data. Also, during estimation of distinct values of an overall population, a “Chao” estimator can optionally be utilized as a lower bound of the estimate.

Abstract: A method and device are provided for an improved system and method of estimating the noise floor of a wideband signal without full knowledge of the nature of the narrowband signals contained therein, and provides digital characteristics to allow real-time signal processing with low levels of computational complexity. The method and device require very little a priori knowledge of the nature of the signals, allow both robust performance in non-ideal environments, and automated maximum sensitivity threshold setting.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer includes an ion detector, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, and a decimator. The analog-to-digital (A/D) converter is configured to receive and sample an analog signal from the ion detector thereby providing a first plurality of samples at a first rate. The decimator is configured to receive the first plurality of samples and to transmit, at a second rate, a second plurality of samples that are based on the first plurality of samples. The decimator is further configured to dynamically adjust the second rate so that memory requirements for the mass spectrometer are reduced.

Abstract: A method of analyzing a dataset of spectra is provided in which each spectrum has a count value for each of a number of parameter values within a parameter range. The method is for identifying one or more parameter values that exhibit a significant variation within the dataset. A dataset of spectra is obtained and a statistical analysis is applied to the count values for each of the parameter values. The result of the analysis for each parameter value is a function of the variation in the count values. A spectrum that is representative of at least part of the dataset of spectra is then displayed together with the results of the statistical analysis. A corresponding computer program and system for performing the method are also disclosed.

Abstract: A signal quality measuring method and apparatus in which a quality of a signal detected from an RF signal read out from a disk or a communications channel is measured by using eye pattern signals of the detected RF signals. Eye pattern signals representing time change of a waveform of the detected signal are generated and a signal quality value is generated based on an eye depth and/or an eye width measured from the eye pattern signals. A histogram of the eye pattern signals is used to identify a plurality of main level values which are used as a reference value in measuring the signal quality. Accordingly, signal characteristics in a high-density storage medium system or communication system may be accurately represented.

Abstract: A method of processing marine magnetic data is disclosed which comprises towing first and second magnetometers M1 and M2 behind a ship (10). Raw magnetic gradient data is obtained from the sensors and the trend of the gradient of the ship bias detected by the sensors determined. The method includes subtracting the trend from the raw magnetic gradient data to obtain corrected gradient data, and processing the corrected gradient data to provide a data output.

Abstract: The invention relates to a processing device for an automatic perception system that involves the use of STN calculation units (1) which receive data from a data bus (7) and which are interconnected by a backannotation bus (6). According to the invention, the units are grouped together in hierarchical sets, in which the set of the order of 0 is formed by a single unit, the set of the order of 1 is formed by the combination of several order 0 set, the sets of the order of P greater than 1 are formed by a combination of lower P?1 order sets, the hierarchised sets of a given order P sharing a backannotation bus. The backannotation buses between a lower order P and a greater order P+1 are interconnected by means of a connection unit. The invention also relates to the method of using the device.

Abstract: A method and a processor for counting events in a performance monitor unit (PMU) of the processor includes using a mask bit and match bit comparison for event data to determine occurrence of events and routing indications of occurrences to a counter for counting.

Abstract: A method for creating a histogram from a plurality of data elements that includes identifying a lower extreme range counter and an upper extreme range counter for the plurality of data elements, incrementing a value counter when the value counter corresponds to a value of a first data element in the plurality of data elements, incrementing the lower extreme range counter, wherein incrementing the lower extreme range counter is performed when a value of a second data element in the plurality of data elements is less than a pre-defined lower boundary, incrementing the upper extreme range counter, wherein incrementing the upper extreme range counter is performed when a value of a third data element in the plurality of data elements is greater than a pre-defined upper boundary, and creating the histogram from the value counter, the lower extreme range counter, and the upper extreme range counter.

Abstract: Event data associated with possible terrorist activities occurring at geographically-dispersed locations is monitored and analyzed. Event data collected from the locations is delineated by one or more data classes. Statistical analyses performed on the event data are based on one of a number of unique time periods or blocks. Results of the statistical analyses are used in the performance of a number of correlations in order to identify patterns occurring in the data classes and/or correlations between the data classes.

Abstract: Techniques for estimating an average background value and an average foreground value of an image data formed by a plurality of pixels by selecting a first plurality of pixels forming a first calculation window from the plurality of pixels, determining at least first, second and third statistical moments for the first plurality of pixels, and determining at least one of average background value and average foreground value using the at least first, second and third statistical moments determined for the first plurality of pixels.

Abstract: A number of methods to support process quality and maintenance during control of an industrial process such as welding are provided. The methods provide, among other things: automatic process limit programming based on runtime data; user-initiated process limit programming based on upcoming data; correlate equipment deterioration based on capability measurement; correlate tip dressers/formers to new; detect electrical deterioration; integrate process data with programmed data for a visual aid; and quantify process variation in welding tools (pareto of stddev of the c-factor).

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for monitoring grid-based computing resources are disclosed. Example embodiments provide for the determination and display of a variety of metrics. Data related to processor utilization by a plurality of applications is accumulated, aggregated, and normalized. At least one metric related to the use of the grid by the plurality of applications is assayed or otherwise determined from the aggregated, normalized data. An archive database for archival storage of at least some of the data can also be provided. In some embodiments, a Web server displays metrics via a Web page. In addition, provision can be made to verify the service level agreement (SLA) compliance of the various resources on the grid.

Abstract: In apparatus for generating a Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) curve for an input signal, an analog to digital converter (ADC) samples the input signal at sampling points to provide a parameter value corresponding to a desired parameter of the input signal at each sampled point. A memory element provides a frequency count of occurrence of each received parameter value from an address in the memory corresponding to the received parameter value. An adder receives the frequency count, increments the count and provides the incremented count to an input of the memory element for writing back into the address corresponding to the received parameter value. A CCDF curve generating module reads the frequency count stored in the memory element corresponding to each parameter value and generates a CCDF curve therefrom.

Abstract: A method and system for providing performance estimations for a specified power budget provides an indication of the impact on processing performance when closed-loop power/performance control is employed to meet the specified power budget. A workload, which may be the actual workload, or a test workload is run to determine actual power consumption at intervals during the execution of the workload. The power values are examined and if they exceed the specified budget, which may be one of multiple possible budget values, an estimate of the amount by and duration for which the closed-loop power/performance control would have to reduce the performance of the system for each interval in order to provide an estimate of actual performance for the budgetary level(s). The estimate is informed by tests of the workload at each power/performance level to provide a non-linear estimate of the relationship between performance and power for the particular workload.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting erosion in turbine engine blades is provided. The blade erosion detection system includes a sensor data processor and a cluster analysis mechanism. The sensor data processor receives engine sensor data, including exhaust gas temperature (EGT) data, and augments the sensor data to determine sensor data residual values and the rate of change of the sensor data residual values. The augmented sensor data is passed to the cluster analysis mechanism. The cluster analysis mechanism analyzes the augmented sensor data to determine the likelihood that compressor blade erosion has occurred. Specifically, the cluster analysis mechanism performs a 2-tuple cluster feature analysis using Gaussian density functions that provide approximations of normal and eroded blades in a turbine engine. The 2-tuple cluster feature analysis thus provides the probability that the sensor data indicates erosion has occurred in the turbine engine.

Abstract: A circuit for computing moment pre-products for statistical analysis reduces data transfer volume for on-chip statistical measurements. The circuit calculates the sums of multiple exponentiations of outputs of one or more measurement circuits, thereby reducing the amount of data that must be transferred from a wafer. An integer scaling of the input data is arranged between zero and unity so that the exponentiations all similarly lie between zero and unity. The circuit can use look-up tables and adder/accumulators to accumulate the contributions of each measurement to each exponentiation, or use a multiplier arrangement to determine the contributions. The multipliers can be implemented in the adder/accumulators by clocking the adder/accumulators by corresponding counts determined from the measurement data and lower-order exponentiations. Ranges of the measurement values are determined by capturing maximum and minimum values using comparators as the measurements are input.

Abstract: Measured values obtained in a measuring machine to be estimated are provided to estimate errors in the measured values. Based on the estimated errors in the measured values, a covariance matrix or correlation matrix of measured values is derived. The covariance matrix or correlation matrix is then subjected to eigenvalue decomposition to derive eigenvalues and eigenvectors. A normal random number with an expected value of 0 and a variance equal to an eigenvalue corresponding to the eigenvalue is generated as a coefficient of coupling for each eigenvector, and all eigenvectors are linearly coupled to generate pseudo-measured values of the measuring machine. The generated pseudo-measured values are subjected to statistic processing to estimate uncertainty of the measuring machine.

Abstract: The subject invention provides for systems and methods that facilitate optimizing one or mores sets of training data by utilizing an Exponential distribution as the prior on one or more parameters in connection with a maximum entropy (maxent) model to mitigate overfitting. Maxent is also known as logistic regression. More specifically, the systems and methods can facilitate optimizing probabilities that are assigned to the training data for later use in machine learning processes, for example. In practice, training data can be assigned their respective weights and then a probability distribution can be assigned to those weights.

Abstract: A system and methods for displaying data distribution information for time-series data is described. The methods include computing a condensed quantile function that may be used to generate approximate histograms for the time-series data, while decreasing the data storage requirements for generating a series of histograms for time-series data. The methods further include displaying the data distribution information using stack-bar histograms, many of which may be shown in a single display to permit a user to discern trends in the data distribution information. Methods for merging condensed quantile function tables are also described.

Abstract: A target value processing unit, includes: an input section to which a target value signal showing a target value of a control process is inputted; a target value shaping unit shaping the target value signal inputted to the input section, into a signal form which is proper for a control treatment of a regulator implementing the control process; and an output section outputting to the regulator a shaped target value signal which is shaped by the target value shaping unit. The target value processing unit realizes the high-level control process without improving the regulator.

Abstract: A method for optimizing an industrial process data is disclosed. The method includes collecting data from a plurality of sensor elements, wherein each sensor element collects data from a portion of the industrial process and verifying the data collected. The method further includes analyzing the data collected for efficiency and generating at least one recommendation for optimizing the industrial process. The method further includes presenting the at least one recommendation generated to an administrator of the industrial process.

Abstract: A method to determine the capacity of a plant over a time window of interest, the time window having a time length P, having the steps of: (a) gathering the plant's historical production data over a selected time period of length L and calculating the cycle entries of availability fractions for that data set; (b) calculating capacity C(i,1) for each contiguous portion p(i,1) of length p of the cycle entries from the previous step; (c) storing that calculated capacities C(i,1); (d) randomly shuffling the cycle entries; (e) calculating the capacity C(i,2) for each contiguous portion p(i,2) of the shuffled cycle entries; (f) storing the calculated capacities C(i,2); and (g) repeating steps (e)–(f) for a sufficient number of iterations, and then creating a histogram of the calculated capacities C(i,j).

Abstract: An undersampling system can comprise an IC that has integrated, on the same physically contiguous IC, both an undersampler circuit and a receiver circuit whose input is to be monitored by undersampling. For a current phase of sample clocks relative to an input signal, the input signal is sampled until a sufficient number of samples are collected in a one dimensional histogram associated with the current phase. The phase of the sample clocks, relative to the input signal, can then be shifted. Such phase shift can be accomplished by a phase mixer. The phase shift can be small enough to provide sufficient resolution in a composite sampled image of the input signal. A mean value can be computed for each one dimensional histogram, resulting in a representation of the undersampled signal as a function of time that is suitable for further processing.

Abstract: A system and methods for implementing histogram computation, for example, into the rasterization pipeline of a 3-D graphics system, are provided. With the histogram computation mechanism, statistical histogram data may be generated for input data of any kind or retrieved from any source that may be specified in a 2-D array or specified in an immediate fashion to specialized data processing hardware. Depending on the nature of the input data, the data may be filtered before passing the data to data processing hardware for further processing. The data processing hardware may then apply an additional function to the input data set before calculation of the histogram data. Then, at some point, the data processing hardware may apply a function to the data to map the derived data to a real-valued function that can then be quantized to a histogram element in the range specified from zero to the number of histogram elements minus one.

Abstract: The subject invention provides for systems and methods that facilitate optimizing one or mores sets of training data by utilizing an Exponential distribution as the prior on one or more parameters in connection with a maximum entropy (maxent) model to mitigate overfitting. Maxent is also known as logistic regression. More specifically, the systems and methods can facilitate optimizing probabilities that are assigned to the training data for later use in machine learning processes, for example. In practice, training data can be assigned their respective weights and then a probability distribution can be assigned to those weights.

Abstract: Interval-based adjustments to data are applied by a relational database engine. The engine stores raw, unadjusted data values in a separate table from adjustment values. The adjustment values are dynamically updated in response to a new adjustment interval. The adjustments are applied to the raw data during retrieval from the database. This results in an efficient and transparent adjustment to data.

Abstract: A method for detecting an element is disclosed and which includes the steps of providing a gamma-ray spectrum which depicts, at least in part, a test region having boundaries, and which has a small amount of the element to be detected; providing a calculation which detects the small amount of the element to be detected; and providing a moving window and performing the calculation within the moving window, and over a range of possible window boundaries within the test region to determine the location of the optimal test region within the gamma-ray spectrum.