Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and an apparatus to compute a complex wavefield, referred to as the object wave o, by means of measuring the intensity signal resulting from the interference of the said object wave with a second wave termed the reference wave. The second wave r is assumed to have some non-vanishing mutual coherence with the said object wave o. The reference wave can be obtained from a source or from the object wave itself. The wave may be emitted from sources of variable degree of coherence and can be scattered waves, but also light-emitting molecules, matter waves such as electron beams or acoustical sources. The disclosed method relates to the said “non-linear method” (NLM). The innovation resides in the fact that the NLM improves considerably the bandwidth of the wavefront reconstructed from off-axis interferograms and holograms obtained in a single shot. The advantage is the significant improvement of the resolution of the images obtained from the reconstructed wavefront, i.e.

Abstract: A spectrum analyzer is provided that includes components to achieve from below 9 kHz to above 20 GHz operation range while remaining hand-held. Components of the spectrum analyzer include an integrated precision stand-alone step attenuator that does not rely on printed circuit board (PCB) mounted circuit elements within the signal path. Further, a PIN diplexing switch separates signals into different base-band and highband paths. The baseband path includes a pre-amplifier for low frequency signals, while the higher frequency bands may not necessarily include a pre-amplifier. The baseband path further provides improved broadband termination of its 1st mixer IF port by incorporating a new quadrature-coupled directional (QCD) filter that includes a ring resonator. An inexpensive air dielectric multi-cavity baseband filter is also used to suppress 2nd mixer IF images. The highband path incorporates multi-throw MMIC PIN diode switches to selectively filter different bands of input signals.

Abstract: This present specification provides, amongst other things, an electro-optical monitoring system for obtaining a once-per-revolution signal based on the surface reflection of a rotating device that mandates non-contacting sensor input in potentially hostile environments. The system can use optical and electronic sections to illuminate and detect surface reflections from the rotating surface using existing mounting locations on the periphery of the machine to be measured. The electronic portion is configured to determine a unique mark as the once-per-revolution marker or allow an attending operator to assign a specific marker based on the observed reflected pattern. The optical portion consists of a light source, receiver, and optics that allow for focused and directed light paths.

Abstract: A signal parameter estimator includes curve fitting of multiple ideal spectral shapes.

Abstract: An intrusion detection system comprises an intrusion detector, preferably a microphone for picking up infrasound, and a signal processor. Signals from the detector are split into two channels of different frequency ranges and processed separately in the two channels, and signal characteristics are compared between the two channels. Conclusions are drawn regarding the original signal source, on the basis of the comparison between the two channels.

Abstract: This present specification provides, amongst other things, an electro-optical monitoring system for obtaining a once-per-revolution signal based on the surface reflection of a rotating device that mandates non-contacting sensor input in potentially hostile environments. The system can use optical and electronic sections to illuminate and detect surface reflections from the rotating surface using existing mounting locations on the periphery of the machine to be measured. The electronic portion is configured to determine a unique mark as the once-per-revolution marker or allow an attending operator to assign a specific marker based on the observed reflected pattern. The optical portion consists of a light source, receiver, and optics that allow for focused and directed light paths.

Abstract: A system and method of diagnosing diseases from biological data is disclosed. A system for automated disease diagnostics prediction can be generated using a database of clinical test data. The diagnostics prediction can also be used to develop screening tests to screen for one or more inapparent diseases. The prediction method can be implemented with Bayesian probability estimation techniques. The system and method permit clinical test data to be analyzed and mined for improved disease diagnosis.

Abstract: A method for classifying a signal is disclosed. The method can be used by a station or stations within a network to classify the signal as non-cooperative (NC) or a target signal. The method performs classification over channels within a frequency spectrum. The percentage of power above a first threshold is computed for a channel. Based on the percentage, a signal is classified as a narrowband signal. If the percentage indicates the absence of a narrowband signal, then a lower second threshold is applied to confirm the absence according to the percentage of power above the second threshold. The signal is classified as a narrowband signal or pre-classified as a wideband signal based on the percentage. Pre-classified wideband signals are classified as a wideband NC signal or target signal using spectrum masks.

Abstract: A realtime display compression for a waveform image uses a priority basis for combining groups of pixels when producing a compressed waveform image in order to preserve intensity information. As an example successive lines of data for the waveform image are demultiplexed into line buffers in a circulating manner, the number of line buffers being a function of the maximum desired integer compression ratio. The outputs from the line buffers are aligned and the corresponding pixels are combined according to a desired compression ratio, one output line for each integer compression ratio. The appropriate compressed line is selected as the output line according to the desired compression ratio, with the totality of the output lines forming the compressed waveform image.

Abstract: One or more embodiments of the present invention relates to an iterative method for generating an almost-constant, nearly constant, or substantially-constant envelope time signal with prescribed Fourier transform magnitude in the frequency domain, and a constant envelope time signal whose Fourier transform magnitude closely matches the prescribed Fourier transform magnitude in the frequency domain. Different starting points for the iterative algorithm give rise to different solutions and their accuracy can be adjusted using a monotonic error criterion presented here.

Abstract: A method and a device for estimating a first value of a signal formed of a series of values corresponding either to the first value or to a second value equal to the opposite of the first value, where the signal can take values other than the first and second values due to noise.

Abstract: Methods for signal processing employ instantaneous frequency analysis through quadrature genometric measurement of streaming signal data. Such methods may include the analysis of any composite analog periodic signal, including but not limited to audio, video, radio, seismic, light, radar, sonar, EKG, where signal data is streaming, stationary or non-stationary, and represents either linear or non-linear processes.

Abstract: A periodic broadband signal can be used to determine the S21 measurement for a channel by stimulating the channel across a spectrum of interest. The channel response to such broadband signal can be measured from undersampled data captured at the receiver. The Fourier transform of the broadband signal as received, divided by the Fourier transform of broadband signal as transmitted, constitutes the S21. A physically contiguous IC can integrate both a receiver circuit, at which S21 is to be measured, along with an undersampler for sampling the received broadband signal. To maximize signal to noise, a pattern for the broadband signal can be selected to maximize the minimum power across the spectrum of interest. A pattern generator for the broadband signal can be integrated on the same physically contiguous IC with a multiplexer that can select either the pattern generator, or a typical source of data, for transmission into the channel.

Abstract: An analog waveform signal detection/data acquisition system that is based on negative group delay for reducing inherent delay in analog waveform or signal detection and acquisition and facilitating earlier than otherwise possible responsive actions to analog waveform data. Signal advance amplification and data conditioning reduces distortion and permits greater temporal advance than previously possible.

Abstract: Timing setting data include an arbitrary combination of a set timing signal indicating a positive edge timing and a reset timing signal indicating a negative edge timing. A sort unit sorts n pieces of the timing setting data in accordance with timing orders indicated by each of the timing setting data. With reference to the sorted timing setting data an open processor detects continuation of the set timing signals or continuation of the reset timing signals, and invalidates one of the continuous set timing signals or one of the continuous reset timing signals. An edge assigning unit sequentially assigns the set/reset timing signals remaining without being invalidated to, among the m variable delay circuits for setting/resetting, the variable delay circuits for setting/resetting in the ascending order of the frequencies of use thereof by then.

Abstract: This disclosure describes signal processing techniques that can improve the performance of blind source separation (BSS) techniques. In particular, the described techniques propose pre-processing steps that can help to de-correlate the different signals from one another prior to execution of the BSS techniques. In addition, the described techniques also propose optional post-processing steps that can further de-correlate the different signals following execution of the BSS techniques. The techniques may be particularly useful for improving BSS performance with highly correlated audio signals, e.g., from two microphones that are in close spatial proximity to one another.

Abstract: A system includes at least one first magnetic field sensor configured to measure first and second magnetic fields. The system also includes at least one second magnetic field sensor configured to measure the second magnetic field substantially without measuring the first magnetic field. The system further includes processing circuitry configured to perform signal cancellation to generate measurements of the first magnetic field and to generate an output based on the measurements of the first magnetic field. The sensors could represent magneto-electric sensors. The magneto-electric sensors could be configured to up-convert electrical signals associated with the first and/or second magnetic fields to a higher frequency. The processing circuitry could be configured to identify one or more problems associated with a patient's heart.

Abstract: A method and system for intrinsic timescale decomposition, filtering, and automated analysis of signals of arbitrary origin or timescale including receiving an input signal, determining a baseline segment and a monotonic residual segment with strictly negative minimum and strictly positive maximum between two successive extrema of the input signal, and producing a baseline output signal and a residual output signal. The method and system also includes determining at least one instantaneous frequency estimate from a proper rotation signal, determining a zero-crossing and a local extremum of the proper rotation signal, and applying interpolation thereto to determine an instantaneous frequency estimate thereof.

Abstract: A method to determine a distribution profile of an element in a film. The method comprises exciting an electron energy of an element deposited in a first film, obtaining a first spectrum associating with the electron energy, and removing a background spectrum from the first spectrum. Removing the background value generates a processed spectrum. The method further includes matching the processed spectrum to a simulated spectrum with a known simulated distribution profile for the element in a film comparable to the first film. A distribution profile is obtained for the element in the first film based on the matching of the processed spectrum to a simulated spectrum selected from the set of simulated spectra.

Abstract: The present invention constitutes a method, processes, and apparatus for measurement and analysis of variables of different type and origin. In particular, the invention presents a method and apparatus for real-time signal conditioning and analysis in the presense of impulsive, or sparse interferences. The present invention overcomes limitations of the prior art by providing a novel method for identifying and discriminating between, in real time, the conditions of the signal with and without impulsive disturbances. This method can be implemented without substantial changes in the signal processing chain of a communication or data acquisition system. The present invention also overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art through the introduction of the novel SPART filters, which can replace the corresponding analog linear filters in the signal chain of a device.

Abstract: A method for waveform analysis and compression includes determining harmonic components of a waveform, subtracting the harmonic components from the waveform, leaving a residual waveform, and compressing the residual waveform. Information about the harmonic components and the compressed residual transform can be transmitted across a network for analysis or reconstruction of the waveform in another device. The method is used in a low cost power quality meter, which can form part of a smart metering scheme.

Abstract: An approach is provided for measuring, identifying, and removing at least one sinusoidal interference signal (Ak·ej(?kt+?k), Ak·ej(?·?k?t+?k)) in a noise signal (w(t), w(?·?t)). A frequency range to be measured is split into a plurality of frequency bands (?) via a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) filter bank. For each of the frequency bands (?), an autocorrelation matrix ({circumflex over (R)}?) is determined, wherein parameters of the autocorrelation matrices ({circumflex over (R)}?) are variably adjusted based on whether the at least one sinusoidal interference signal (Ak·ej(?kt+?k), Ak·ej(?·?k?t+?k)) is to be measured, identified, or removed and further based on at least one averaging. The autocorrelation matrices ({circumflex over (R)}?) are jointly utilized for one or more of measuring, identifying, or removing the at least one sinusoidal interference signal (Ak·ej(?kt+?k), Ak·ej(?·?k?t+?k)) in the noise signal (w(t), w(?·?t)).

Abstract: The present invention has an object of realizing a defect inspection estimated at high accuracy by preparing a reference image that reflects the change of the blur with time from a sampled image and design data. The present invention comprises a point spread function estimating section 23 for estimating a point spread function from an observation image and design information, a convolution image generating section 31 for generating a convolution image by convoluting the point spread function relative to the design information and a reference image generating section 33 for generating a reference image from the convolution image obtained by the convolution image generating section. binary image relative to “chromium on quartz glass”.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus measures a signal-under-test having a signal level that changes at predetermined bit time intervals. A strobe timing generator sequentially generates strobes at even time intervals. A level comparator detects a level of the signal at a timing at which each strobe is sequentially provided. A capture memory stores a signal level output from the comparator. A signal processor calculates a measurement of the signal based on a data series including data taken at even time intervals, each larger than a bit time interval of the signal.

Abstract: A method of processing data acquired by under-sampling a chirped, sinusoidal waveform comprises complex-heterodyning the under-sampled data with a chirped signal having characteristics similar to the sinusoidal waveform to generate a demodulated signal and analyzing the demodulated signal to determine characteristics of the sinusoidal waveform.

Abstract: Method for completely specifying orientation of electromagnetic receivers dropped to the ocean bottom in an electromagnetic survey. Survey data are selected, rejecting noisy data with long offsets and data where the receiver has saturated with short offsets (61). A model is developed comprising three independent receiver orientation angles completely specifying the receiver orientation in three dimensions, and an earth resistivity model including a water layer and possibly an air layer (62). Maxwell's equations, applied to the model and the selected data, are then inverted to determine the receiver orientations (63).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring electrical signals measures an electromagnetic wave having an interference component at a center frequency and at multiple times to obtain data points. The positions of the data points on a complex plane are calculated. Chords of a circle on the complex plane, wherein the chords passing between pairs of the data points, and the circle fit to the data points are calculated. The chords are used to determine an approximate center of the circle wherein the position of the approximate center of the circle on the complex plane represents the electromagnetic wave with the interference component removed. An indication of the measured electromagnetic wave having the interference component removed is output from the apparatus.

Abstract: A phasor measurement unit and method including a transducer for transduction measurement of an electrical characteristic of a current carrying element in electrical power generation or distribution systems, the transducer generating a transducer output signal representative of the electrical characteristic; an amplifier receiving the transducer output signal and generating an amplifier output signal; a filter receiving the amplifier output signal, low pass filtering the amplifier output signal. and generating a filter output signal; a digital to analog converter receiving the filter output signal and generating a digital output signal; and a processor receiving the digital output signal, calculating phasor data from the digital output signal and generating a data output signal, wherein the calculated phasor data is at least as accurate as phasor data from a phasor measurement unit or a frequency data recorder having a transducer for nontransduction measurement of the same electrical characteristic.

Abstract: The present invention relates to verification of a transmission margin of various transmission lines transmitting a signal such as a high-speed digital signal and ensures improved verification accuracy. A transmission margin verification apparatus according to the present invention is configured with a measurement unit (e.g., LSI tester 4, network analyzer 6, pulse generator 8, oscilloscope 10) operable to measure a transmission loss and a leading edge waveform of pseudo transmission lines (e.g., transmission lines 56, 62, 66) corresponding to a target device 44 to be verified, and a calculation unit (tester controller 12) operable to reference the transmission line loss and the leading edge waveform measured by the measurement unit, calculate a transmission waveform of the target device, and associate the transmission waveform with a mask of the target device to calculate a transmission margin of the target device.

Abstract: A system and method to detect acoustic signals from fire sprinkler heads discharging water and to locate such devices in a public building, airport, sports stadium or other structure which can include a system to measure speech intelligibility. Time and frequency domain analysis are carried out to establish the presence of signals characteristic of water discharge from a fire sprinkler.

Abstract: A test and measurement apparatus, system, and method for synchronizing an acquisition or triggering system to a specific burst of interest. The subject apparatus and method triggers on varying energy content of a signal qualified by time in the presence of high-frequency input signal bursts, by using an adjustable pulse width envelope detector, disposed in the signal path of the trigger circuitry, as a digital rectifier or to otherwise process and extract an envelope signal. An RF envelope probe having an analog envelope detector among other suitable components is disclosed. A method is implemented for isolating an interval of interest in a signal under test. An envelope detector circuit produces an envelope signal from the signal. Trigger circuitry receives the envelope signal from the envelope detector, and isolates the interval of interesting in the signal under test using the envelope signal.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for monitoring an imaging or radiotherapy unit (1) for treating members of the human body subject to displacements related to movements of the diaphragm. The invention is characterized in that said monitoring device is designed to enable, in a prior preparation phase, to store two values, called rest value and triggering value, respectively representing, for each patient, of his suspended ventilatory level and an inhalation or exhalation ventilatory level, triggering acquisition of images or irradiation, then, during the real monitoring of the unit (1), in commanding an image or irradiation acquisition, once the correspondence between the measured value of the suspended ventilatory level and the stored rest value has been established, and only when the correspondence between the measured respiratory value of the patient and the stored triggering value has been subsequently established.

Abstract: This present specification provides, amongst other things, an electro-optical monitoring system for obtaining a once-per-revolution signal based on the surface reflection of a rotating device that mandates non-contacting sensor input in potentially hostile environments. The system can use optical and electronic sections to illuminate and detect surface reflections from the rotating surface using existing mounting locations on the periphery of the machine to be measured. The electronic portion is configured to determine a unique mark as the once-per-revolution marker or allow an attending operator to assign a specific marker based on the observed reflected pattern. The optical portion consists of a light source, receiver, and optics will allow for focused and directed light paths to properly position relevant to key reflective surfaces.

Abstract: An process for recognizing an acoustic event in an audio signal has two stages The first stage involves possible candidates being selected, and the second stage involves each of the possible candidates being allocated a confidence value.

Abstract: A D/U ratio is measured for desired and undesired signals in a wireless video transmission system at a shared channel frequency based on a received signal at a geographic location in proximity to regions within respective service areas for the desired and undesired signals. A video tuner demodulates the received signal to generate a baseband video signal. A leveling circuit normalizes the baseband signal. A video processor identifies horizontal sync pulses within the baseband signal, generates a sampled signal comprising the horizontal sync pulses, and removes components of the desired signal from the sampled signal to generate an undesired signal component. A D/U analyzer determines a Fourier transform having a plurality of bins in response to the undesired signal component, identifies at least one of the bins having a spectral peak corresponding to an undesired signal, and calculates the D/U ratio in response to a magnitude of the identified peak.

Abstract: This present specification provides, amongst other things, an electro-optical monitoring system for obtaining a once-per revolution signal based on the surface reflection of a rotating device that mandates non-contacting sensor input in potentially hostile environments. The system can use optical and electronic sections to illuminate and detect surface reflections from the rotating surface using existing mounting locations on the periphery of the machine to be measured. The electronic portion is configured to determine a unique mark as the once-per-revolution marker or allow an attending operator to assign a specific marker based on the observed reflected pattern. The optical portion consists of a light source, receiver, and optics that allow for focused and directed light paths.

Abstract: A signal waveform analyzing device includes an extracting unit that extracts, from waveform information indicating temporal variation in signal level of a component of an electronic circuit, a signal level that satisfies a condition for a phenomenon to be observed, and outputs extracted signal level as an extraction result.

Abstract: A method for adapting threshold values in an electronic signal processing device, involving a plurality of different threshold values being calculated and being compared with processing variables calculated in the signal processing device, involves calculation of a common correction value which is valid for the various threshold values. The threshold values are then set on the basis of the common correction value.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for representing quasi-periodic (“qp”) waveforms comprising, representing a plurality of limited decompositions of the qp waveform, wherein each decomposition includes a first and second amplitude value and at least one time value. In some embodiments, each of the decompositions is phase adjusted such that the arithmetic sum of the plurality of limited decompositions reconstructs the qp waveform. These decompositions are stored into a data structure having a plurality of attributes. Optionally, these attributes are used to reconstruct the qp waveform, or patterns or features of the qp wave can be determined by using various pattern-recognition techniques. Some embodiments provide a system that uses software, embedded hardware or firmware to carry out the above-described method. Some embodiments use a computer-readable medium to store the data structure and/or instructions to execute the method.

Abstract: A method to predict a state of a power system and a device to perform the method are presented, where the method includes the step of performing a Fast Fourier Transform on samples of a periodic waveform signal in order to determine a frequency spectrum of the signal, where the signal was derived from at least one measurable electric quantity of the power system and is representative for the state of the power system. Frequencies and related complex amplitudes at selected peaks in the frequency spectrum are determined and stored together with a time stamp. Afterwards, a predicted value of the periodic waveform signal in the time domain is determined at a prediction time by calculating a sum of sinusoidal signals at the prediction time, where each of the sinusoidal signals is characterized by one of the determined frequencies and its related complex amplitude as well as the time stamp.

Abstract: Systems and methods provide for embedding white noise signals representing DTMF digits into a voice data stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a device for monitoring a system such as a cable. Pulses propagating in different directions are distinguished by measuring and sampling current and voltage at a location of the system, frequency transforming the obtained signals, and by extracting signals corresponding to pulses propagating in different directions as linear combinations of the frequency-transformed signals. Such a method is applicable, e.g. when monitoring occurrences of partial discharge on a 10 kV cable.

Abstract: Provided is a sampling apparatus that samples a signal under measurement, including a sampling section that samples the signal under measurement with a plurality of sampling phases at non-uniform intervals for each sampling repetition cycle; and an inverting section that cancels out a replica that is not an observation target, from among the replicas in a sampling band of the signal under measurement and the replicas in the sampling band of a frequency component of the signal under measurement, by inverting signs of values of the signal under measurement sampled with at least one sampling phase from among the plurality of sampling phases.

Abstract: A peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus test system and method therefor, that is applied in a PCI test card. The PCI test card includes a static random-access-memory (SRAM). In the method, the data transaction of the PCI bus signal is disintegrated into a separate data operation, while eliminating the waveform interfering transaction. Through comparing the waveform of the data operation as separated from a PCI bus signal with the standard PCI bus waveform, the quality of the PCI bus signals can be precisely analyzed, thus realizing the hardware test of PCI bus.

Abstract: A method for coding an event history is disclosed. Information relating to a real time state of an event is received. For a defined interval of time, it is determined whether the state of the event is in one of two states. In response to the event being in a first state, a data stream is appended with a first characteristic representative of the first state, and in response to the event being in a second different state, the data stream is appended with a second characteristic representative of the second state. The appended data stream is saved, and the process repeated for the next sequential defined interval of time.

Abstract: A method for processing signals, such as a tomography signal, in the time domain provides both high spatial resolution and high frequency resolution but at low cost. The method uses non-linear regression with a sinusoidal model to fit a sine wave to a portion of the signal that is less than a full cycle of a wave of the signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring electrical signals measures an electromagnetic wave having an interference component at a center frequency and at multiple times to obtain data points. The positions of the data points on a complex plane are calculated. Chords of a circle on the complex plane, wherein the chords passing between pairs of the data points, and the circle fit to the data points are calculated. The chords are used to determine an approximate center of the circle wherein the position of the approximate center of the circle on the complex plane represents the electromagnetic wave with the interference component removed. An indication of the measured electromagnetic wave having the interference component removed is output from the apparatus.

Abstract: A power distribution and protection system and method where an electrical power source distributes power to different load circuits and provides protection that changes on the fly as required by sensing the characteristics of the loads. This is accomplished by a central processing node that is connected to multiple point of use nodes. The characteristics over an initial period of time of the current drawn by the loads are detected and compared to references that determine whether a load is inductive, resistive or is in arcing condition. One of the techniques used involves counting the zero crossings over a predetermined period of time. If the voltage applied to the loads is AC, a high pass filter is used to extract the ringing characteristics to be compared.

Abstract: A logic analyzer having clock channels and data channels includes digitizer followed by a digital filter in each channel, the digital filter compensating for losses in signal fidelity in a signal under test. The resulting enhanced multi-bit samples are stored in respective waveform memories for subsequent display as analog waveforms and as logic data. The multi-bit samples from each channel are re-sampled by a regenerated sample clock to determine the logic values of the signal at precise times. For high speed serial data, each channel is divided into multiple clock channels and sampling channels, the outputs from the clock channels being phase adjusted to provide a precise sample clock to the sampling channels and the outputs from the sampling channels being combined to form a serial data output.

Abstract: An efficient, effective and reliable method for authentication of herbal medicines (HMs) based on a novel wavelet-enhanced automated three-dimensional chromatograms classification system. The method takes advantage of the character of 3D chromatograms which appear as functional curves and the preprocessing power of wavelet transform (WT) to minimize the interferences from noises and baseline drifting of the raw data, and at the same time significantly reduces the data sizes. This compressed data retain the essential features of the original raw data, whereby leading to efficient and reliable method for identifying or authenticating herbal medicines or other chemical mixtures of great complexity.