Abstract: A molten alloy solidification analyzing method of the invention is characterized in that the amount of change in fraction solid is calculated based on the solidification rate of molten alloy and the solidification rate parameter that is a parameter for evaluating the influence of the solidification rate on solidification of the molten alloy, according to the fraction solid. By conducting such a simulation that takes into consideration the supercooling, a highly accurate solidification analysis is relatively easily performed for various molten alloys.

Abstract: Computer-based computational tools for use in determining spatial charge distributions for biological systems that include one or more biological membranes are provided. At least one of the biological membrane includes at least two regions having different electrical properties, e.g., the biological membrane can include a pore having a higher conductivity than the surrounding bulk membrane. In other cases, the membrane can include non-active and active regions, with conservative fields acting at the non-active regions and a combination of conservative and non-conservative fields acting at the active regions. The non-conservative fields can, for example, originate from differences in ionic concentrations of the type which generate Nernst potential differences across membranes. Using the computer-based computational tools, charge distributions not previously known to exist have been discovered, e.g., ring-shaped charge distributions in the vicinity of an active pore.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a drug delivery system which makes it possible to solve the existing technical problems and is easily usable in practice. A drug, which comprises an organic compound or an inorganic compound and has been magnetized by modifying a side chain and/or crosslinking side chains, is induced by a magnetic force into target tissues or an affected part.

Abstract: A kit and test panel utilizing a multivariate diagnostic method based on optimizing diagnostic likelihood ratios through the effective use of multiple diagnostic tests is disclosed. The Neyman-Pearson Lemma provides a mathematical basis to produce optimal diagnostic results.

Abstract: Contemplated methods and devices for coagulation control allow to establish a more constant dosage of required medication and to quantify/take into account patient-specific sensitivity to warfarin and Vitamin K by using logit (1/INR) as the dependent variable to so stabilize the variance across all values of INR. Moreover, it should be noted that such use simplifies the relation between INR and dose of coumarins or Vitamin K and reduces the number of parameters to be estimated for each patient.

Abstract: An instrument, method, use and software program to obtain information rapidly about microorganisms that may spread uncontrolled in hospitals, water supply, food or when used in bio terrorism are described. Vibrational spectroscopy provides data to a computer linked to one or more databases. Comparison of the spectral data and information retrieved from the databases is used to identify and classify the microorganisms, applying suitable algorithms, which algorithms are self-generating and self-adapting to new spectroscopic data. The system may alert for the detection of an outbreak or to take disinfection measures. Changes in the traditional taxonomic division of microorganisms have no influence on the instrument. It does not rely on an a priori knowledge about the taxonomic classification of the microbial strain, is straightforward and easily integrated in routine microbial procedures.

Abstract: Described herein are various methods to ensure safety and the compliance of therapeutic diabetes protocols. The method can be achieved by performing safeguards against hypoglycemia of the user prior to any change in basal insulin dosage based on the plurality of data.

Abstract: To predict the class of an unknown sample, a) a discriminant function for assigning each training sample to class 1 or class 2 is obtained, b) the discriminant score of each training sample and an unknown sample are calculated using the function, c) it is determined whether the score of the unknown sample is either not smaller than the largest score or not larger than the smallest score taken among all of the training samples, d) if the determination in c) is affirmative, the class of the unknown sample is determined based on the score of the unknown sample, e) if the determination in c) is negative, then the training samples having the largest score and the smallest score are removed to form a new training sample set from remaining training samples, and f) a) to e) are repeated.

Abstract: A pattern matching unit performs pattern matching on present data obtained this time in clinical examination of a part of a subject and previous data obtained last time in the clinical examination of the part with reference patterns. Reference patterns that are most closely approximate to the present data and the previous data are selected. A distance calculator calculates a distance between selected reference patterns. A determining unit determines whether a re-examination is necessary based on the distance.

Abstract: A plant information management system comprising: a seed identification information input device; an individual plant identification information retrieval device; an individual plant identification information input device; a new seed identification information retrieval device; a storage location information retrieval device; a project database management device; a seed database management device; a project database memory device; and a seed database memory device.

Abstract: Methods and systems for improved catalytic reforming are disclosed. A method of catalytic reforming includes feeding a feedstream comprising C6-convertibles to one or more reactors; contacting the feedstream with a reforming catalyst; selecting values for a LHSV, a H2/HC ratio, and a conversion of C6-convertibles from a deactivation kinetic model so as to maximize a net present amount of benzene produced over a run-length of the reforming catalyst; operating the one or more reactors at the selected LHSV, the selected H2/HC ratio, and the selected conversion of C6-convertibles; and recovering an effluent from the reactor, wherein the effluent comprises at least about 40 wt % benzene.

Abstract: A processor based method for measuring dimensional properties of a photoresist profile by determining a number acid generators and quenchers within a photoresist volume, determining a number of photons absorbed by the photoresist volume, determining a number of the acid generators converted to acid, determining a number of acid and quencher reactions within the photoresist volume, calculating a development of the photoresist volume, producing with the processor a three-dimensional simulated scanning electron microscope image of the photoresist profile created by the development of the photoresist volume, and measuring the dimensional properties of the photoresist profile.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for predicting viscosities of glass materials as a function of temperature and composition are provided. Two fitting parameters (fitting coefficients) are used for each of the viscosity-affecting components contained in the material. The parameters can accurately cover a wide range of temperatures (i.e., a wide range of viscosities) and a wide range of compositions. The viscosity predictions can be used as a guide for glass research as well as in feedback control systems for glass manufacturing processes. Methods and apparatus for predicting glass resistivity are also disclosed.

Abstract: A medical device for providing information for glycemic control is provided, wherein the device comprises a storage unit arranged to store information on an initial dose of insulin and to store information on a blood glucose level measured after the initial dose of insulin was administered and after specific food was consumed, and a determining unit arranged to determine a subsequent dose of insulin to be administered before the specific food is consumed based at least on said information on the initial dose of insulin and said information on the blood glucose level.

Abstract: An extension of COSMO-SAC to electrolytes (eCOSMO-SAC) combines the COSMO-SAC term for short range molecule-molecule, molecule-ion and ion-ion interactions with the extended symmetric Pitzer-Debye-Hückel term for long range ion-ion interactions. The extension recognizes that like-ion repulsion and local electroneutrality govern the surface segment contacts, and introduces a dual sigma profile concept for electrolyte systems. The eCOSMO-SAC formulation predicts activity coefficients of several representative electrolyte systems.

Abstract: A computer modeling system for study of behavior of complex signaling pathways is described. The computer modeling system includes a computer representation of one or more nonlinear models of at least one signaling pathway arrangement involving enzyme cascades and/or allosteric enzymes and feedback. The computer representation of the model is transformed into at least portions of a bilinear dynamical system representation from which a series of Lie bracket operations are computed and the result tested for transitivity conditions of the associated semisimple Lie matrix algebra so as to determine potential instabilities and crosstalk susceptibilities. Also, the computer model can additionally comprise accurate numerical simulations, equilibrium condition analysis tools, and other algebraic structural tools involving graphs and matroids.

Abstract: The specification relates to the formulation of polyurethane materials particularly polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams. The specified method allows the formulator to mathematically predict the final physical properties of the polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams by using the algorithm described herein.

Abstract: A system for modeling, simulating and analyzing chemical and biochemical reactions includes a modeling environment for constructing a model of a chemical or biochemical system comprising a plurality of chemical reactions. The system also includes a simulation engine accepting as input said constructed model of the chemical or biochemical system and generating as output an expected result. The modeling environment includes a block diagram explorer for displaying a block diagram in a graphical user interface describing the system as a hierarchical network of interconnected blocks. Each block represents a species participating one of the chemical reactions or one of said chemical reactions in the system. The block diagram explorer allows for a user to manipulate and modify the graphical parameters of the block diagram representation to provide insight into the functionality and operation of the system being modeled.

Abstract: A computer system for recommending an optimal treatment protocol comprising a model of biological processes related to a disease. A treatment protocol generator generates a plurality of treatment protocols for treating a disease using drugs. A selector selects an optimal treatment protocol from the plurality of treatment protocols based on model. The model further comprises a pharmacokinetics macro module adapted to analyze interactions between a ligand and a population of target cells at a tissue level. The model further comprises a pharmacokinetics micro module adapted to analyze interactions between the ligand and a cell at an individual cell level. The pharmacokinetics micro module is adapted to model behavior of the ligand and receptors related to single cell level of ligand-cell interactions, as a stochastic process.

Abstract: We have created novel engineered genetic counter designs and methods of use thereof that utilize DNA recombinases to provide modular systems, termed single invertase memory modules (SIMMs), for encoding memory in cells and cellular systems. Our designs are easily extended to compute to high numbers, by utilizing the >100 known recombinases to create subsequent modules. Flexibility in our engineered genetic counter designs is provided by daisy-chaining individual modular components, i.e., SIMMs together. These modular components of the engineered genetic counters can be combined in other network topologies to create circuits that perform, amongst other things, logic and memory. Our novel engineered genetic counter designs allow for the maintenance of memory and provide the ability to count between discrete states by expressing the recombinases between their cognate recognition sites.

Abstract: The attached disclosure provides a systems approach based on mathematical modelling of the kinetics of essential biochemical pathways involved in organ homeostasis. When this in silico model is coupled with in-vitro and/or in-vivo measurements to quantify drug-induced perturbations, a powerful platform that allows accurate and mechanistic-level prediction of drug-induced organ injury can be generated. The method described in this disclosure demonstrates that several physiological situations can also be accurately modelled in addition to the effect of perturbations induced by drugs. It can also be used along with high-throughput “omics” data to generate testable hypotheses leading to informed decision-making in drug development.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the application of multidimensional matrix for drug design and the methodology for drug design, which for the first time introduces the concept of matrix optimization in mathematics to the design of drugs and the relevant molecules. The present invention uses multidimensional matrix to analyze the permutation and combination of factors that affect the chemical structures and properties of drugs, and classifies and compares the huge amounts of factors need to be considered in the drug discovery according to certain features, thus utilizes fewer number of variables to represent the huge number of variable factors to specifically obtain chemical structures for effective drugs and improves the physicochemical properties of the compounds.

Abstract: Systems and methods for modifying a medical model of a physical system is disclosed. One disclosed system includes a graphical user interface configured to display at least one parameter associated with the medical model and receive a modification of the at least one parameter. The system also includes a processor configured to receive the modification of the at least one parameter from the graphical user interface and execute a simulation of a part of the medical model including the modification of the at least one parameter.

Abstract: A system includes a model-based control unit configured to receive a lower heating value for a liquid fuel having a composition. The processor is configured to determine a specific gravity, a hydrocarbon ratio, or both, for the liquid fuel based, at least in part, on the lower heating value of the liquid fuel. The processor is configured to compare the hydrocarbon ratio, the specific gravity, and/or the lower heating value of the liquid fuel to a collection of hydrocarbon ratios, specific gravities, and/or lower heating values for a plurality of mixtures of methane and ethylene. The processor is configured to identify a mixture of methane and ethylene from the collection that best matches the hydrocarbon ratio, the specific gravity, and/or the lower heating value of the liquid fuel and configured to use the identified mixture of methane and ethylene as a model for the composition of the liquid fuel.

Abstract: A blood sugar condition is estimated by measuring a urine sugar value, discriminating whether it is less than a discriminating method classification boundary value, when it is less, obtaining an averaged value of measured urine sugar values during a past predetermined period of time, measured at the same time of day as the latest measurement, calculating the difference between the averaged and measured urine sugar values, when the difference is not less than a positive discriminating reference difference, discriminating as being a blood sugar value decrease, when the measured value is not less than the discriminating method classification boundary value, obtaining an averaged value of all measured values during the past predetermined period of time, calculating a ratio between the measured and averaged values, and, when the ratio is not greater than a first discriminating reference ratio, discriminating as being the blood sugar value decrease.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for creating a binding protein that recognizes a rationally chosen recognition sequence in which a first amino acid has been substituted for a second amino acid using site-directed mutagenesis of a member protein of a set of proteins at an identified position or positions correlated with recognition of a chosen specified target module in the recognition sequence. A system is provided for automating the storage and manipulation of the correlations between positions and types of amino acid residues in the binding protein with specific modules at specified positions in the target recognition sequence and for designing and creating proteins with novel specificities.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for accurately determining a proportion (ratio) of two analytes is provided, as well as provide a concentration of a first analyte from a determined concentration of a second analyte and from a proportion of the analytes to each other. In one aspect, a surface model (called a “dose surface” herein) relating the concentrations of the two analytes to the proportion can be used to obtain accurate values for one of the variables (e.g. a concentration or the proportion) when the other two variables have previously been obtained. The dose surface can be a three-dimensional surface and be non-linear. The dose surface model can include multiple regression functions. For example, measured responses can be individually converted to concentrations using two dose-response curves, and the concentrations can be input to a dose surface function to obtain the proportion.

Abstract: A method for monitoring blood glucose (bG) levels of a diabetic user. The method may be implemented on a non-transitory computer readable medium adapted to run on a processing subsystem, the processing subsystem forming a portion of a handheld diabetes management device for monitoring the bG levels of a diabetic user and determining a correction bolus to be provided to the user. The method may comprise using a memory to store information in a plurality of different time blocks. The information may include a plurality of differing user defined health events that each include a predetermined associated percentage value set by the user by which a correction bolus calculation will be modified to account for one of an increase or a decrease in insulin associated with each one of the defined health events. The processing subsystem may be used to communicate with the memory and to obtain the information and to calculate therefrom the correction bolus.

Abstract: Disclosed is number coding of pairs (“doublets”) or small sets (“multiplets”) of solid phase carriers which provides distinguishable subtypes of a given type of such carriers, where each carrier type is distinguishable on the bases of a different code. Such number coding is useful for augmenting a coding system, such as a color code, and thereby effectively multiplying the number of “colors” (distinguishable sub-types). It can be applied, for example, to determine whether a sample is homozygous or heterozygous at a number of different sites for one of two different alleles, where the same color code is applied for each of the two alleles, and the alleles with the same color code are distinguished by knowing how many carriers are associated with molecules which detect each different allele.

Abstract: Electronic label processor compares bioinformatic values to determine pharmaco-genomic mutation associated with host. Label display indicates pharmaco-genomic mutation, which is network-accessible for modified medical message. Bioinformatic values are determined preferably at different times.

Abstract: An apparatus for optimizing a patient's insulin dosage regimen over time, comprising: at least a first computer-readable memory for storing data inputs corresponding at least to one or more components in a patient's present insulin dosage regimen and the patient's blood-glucose-level measurements determined at a plurality of times; a processor operatively connected to the at least first computer-readable memory, the processor programmed at least to determine from the data inputs corresponding to the patient's blood-glucose-level measurements determined at a plurality of times whether and by how much to vary at least one of the one or more components of the patient's present insulin dosage regimen in order to maintain the patient's future blood-glucose-level measurements within a predefined range; and a display operative to display information corresponding to at least the patient's present insulin dosage regimen.

Abstract: A reactor with minimal dead volume especially suited to reverse-flow applications comprises: a) a reactor body; b) a first head engaged with said reactor body; c) a first conduit extending from outside said head to at least partially through said head; and d) a first valve in flow communication with said first conduit controlling fluid flow along a flow path extending from the first valve and through the reactor body. The reactor is especially suited for use in a process for rapid stream-switching of at least two streams in a reverse-flow reactor.

Abstract: Biomarkers that are diagnostic of type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and/or diabetic disorder are identified. Detection of different biomarkers of the invention are also diagnostic of the degree of severity of type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and/or diabetic disorder. An analysis includes the parameters of matching for BMI and Tanner stage. Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves were established to assess association of the biomarkers with a disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of pooling samples to be analyzed for a categorical variable, wherein the analysis involves a quantitative measurement of an analyte, said method of pooling samples comprising providing a pool of n samples wherein the amount of individual samples in the pool is such that the analytes in the samples are present in a molar ratio of x0:x1:x2:x(n?1), and wherein x is equal to a positive value other than 1 representing the pooling factor.

Abstract: A processor based method for measuring dimensional properties of a photoresist profile. A number acid generators and quenchers within a photoresist volume is determined. A number of photons absorbed by the photoresist volume is determined. A number of the acid generators converted to acid is determined. A number of acid and quencher reactions within the photoresist volume is determined. A development of the photoresist volume is calculated. The processor is used to produce a three-dimensional simulated scanning electron microscope image of the photoresist profile created by the development of the photoresist volume. The dimensional properties of the photoresist profile are measured.

Abstract: A method for performing a molecular dynamics simulation for determining the solvent accessible surface area of a molecule with respect to atomic coordinates, the molecule comprising a plurality of atoms, a sphere being assigned to each atom, and each sphere comprising a radius and a center position.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus including; an interface that receives a first measured data set measured by a FAIMS and first environment information indicating the measurement environment of the first measured data set; a generation unit that generates a plurality of virtual data sets by converting a plurality of existing data sets from a database using conditions controlled according to the first environment information; and an output unit that selects and outputs at least one candidate that is close to the first measured data set from a provisional group including the plurality of virtual data sets.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and article for manipulating an amount of organic material entrained in an aqueous phase of a solvent extraction process. The method includes estimating an interfacial shear stress between an aqueous phase and an organic phase of a solvent extraction apparatus, estimating an amount of organic material entrained in the aqueous phase based on the estimated interfacial shear stress, and manipulating one or more solvent extraction process parameters to manipulate the amount of organic material entrained in the aqueous phase. The method and apparatus can be used to improve performance of and reduce operating costs associated with the solvent extraction apparatus.

Abstract: Methods of compiling a database of images of plant species and the use of the database to identify unknown plant species are described. Images of the apical complexes of the plant are obtained and stored in a database to allow a comparison of the apical complexes with unknown plant species. The invention provides a facile method for the identification of unknown or unidentified plant species.

Abstract: According to some embodiments, a method is provided for simulating an analog and mixed-signal circuit design comprising an analog circuit segment connected to a digital circuit segment at a connection point, the method comprising: inserting a bi-directional interface element at the connection point, wherein the analog circuit segment connects to an analog port of the bi-directional interface element and the digital circuit segment connects to a digital port of the bi-directional interface element; and operating the bi-directional interface element such that the bi-directional interface element detects a signal direction and, according to the signal direction, either converts a first analog signal received from the analog port to a first digital signal for the digital port while maintaining a first signal strength of the first analog signal, or converts a second digital signal received from the digital port to a second analog signal for the analog port while maintaining a second signal strength of the second d

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to determining the spatial extent, aggressiveness, and other characteristics of various types of tumors, including glioma tumors that occur in brain tissue. Various embodiments of the present invention use parameterized computational models to characterize tumor growth and employ medical imaging technologies to generate images and other types of data from which values of parameters of the computational models are derived. Having obtained the parameters for a particular tumor, the extent of the tumor is estimated, with high accuracy, and other characteristics of the tumor are derived from the parameterized computational models.

Abstract: A blood pressure measurement system is configured to perform a calibration automatically when a calibration condition is satisfied. The calibration condition is based upon one or more parameters of pulse waves of a subject. The parameters may include pulse wave area; a time difference between systolic peak and reflected wave peak or dichrotic notch in the pulse wave and a shape of at least a portion of the pulse wave.

Abstract: The method provides for the fitting of a different distribution to the tail of a distribution of continuous data, than that distribution fitting to the rest of the distribution. By fitting a distribution to this set of occurrences only, better distributions shapes are obtained for that part of a distribution which might otherwise be overly sensitive to individual or small numbers of occurrences. Over sensitivity can make such distributions unreliable in situations where their value is compared with the value of another distribution. A distribution which does not decline quickly to zero is preferred for the tail, for instance a heavy tailed distribution.

Abstract: Cypoviruses and baculoviruses are notoriously difficult to eradicate because the virus particles are embedded in micron-sized protein crystals called polyhedra. The remarkable stability of polyhedra means that like bacterial spores these insect viruses remain infectious for years in soil. Although these unique in vivo protein crystals have been extensively characterized since the early 1900s, their atomic organization remains elusive. Here we describe the 2 crystal structure of both recombinant and infectious silkworm cypovirus polyhedra determined using 5-12 micron crystals purified from insect cells. These are the smallest crystals yet used for de novo X-ray protein structure determination. It was found that polyhedra are made of trimers of the viral polyhedrin protein and contain nucleotides. Although the shape of these building blocks is reminiscent of some capsid trimers, polyhedrin has a new fold and has evolved to assemble in vivo into 3-D cubic crystals rather than icosahedral shells.

Abstract: Method and system for determining a cognitive enhancement and/or anti-epileptic effect comprising: detecting synchronized neuronal activity in neuronal tissue (601), monitoring spreading of the synchronized neuronal activity (602), determining a parameter (604, 605) indicative of the closeness of the synchronized neuronal activity to the critical state and comparing (613) the parameter to a predetermined value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for monitoring differential expression of a plurality of genes in a first filamentous fungal cell relative to expression of the same genes in one or more second filamentous fungal cells using microarrays containing Trichoderma reesei ESTs or SSH clones, or a combination thereof. The present invention also relates to computer readable media and substrates containing such array features for monitoring expression of a plurality of genes in filamentous fungal cells.

Abstract: A calculating unit calculates either one of a reaction probability between a chemical species used in a semiconductor process and a semiconductor device and a deactivation probability of the chemical species, according to either one of a structure of the semiconductor device and a plurality of materials. A simulation unit performs a simulation of a physical phenomenon occurring in a reaction chamber based on either one of the reaction probability and the deactivation probability.

Abstract: A system for modeling, simulating and analyzing chemical and biochemical reactions includes a modeling environment for constructing a model of a chemical or biochemical system comprising a plurality of chemical reactions. The system also includes a simulation engine accepting as input said constructed model of the chemical or biochemical system and generating as output an expected result. The modeling environment includes a block diagram explorer for displaying a block diagram in a graphical user interface describing the system as a hierarchical network of interconnected blocks. Each block represents a species participating one of the chemical reactions or one of said chemical reactions in the system. The block diagram explorer allows for a user to manipulate and modify the graphical parameters of the block diagram representation to provide insight into the functionality and operation of the system being modeled.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to polyolefin production and to reducing volatile organic content (VOC) associated with the polyolefin. Techniques include the construction and implementation of a purge column model to calculate or estimate the VOC content in the polyolefin exiting the purge column. The techniques facilitate the design and operation of the polyolefin manufacturing process.

Abstract: A system and method for determining the genetic data for one or a small set of cells, or from fragmentary DNA, where a limited quantity of genetic data is available. Genetic data for the target individual is acquired and amplified using known methods, and poorly measured base pairs, missing alleles and missing regions are reconstructed using expected similarities between the target genome and the genome of genetically related subjects. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, incomplete genetic data from an embryonic cell is reconstructed using the more complete genetic data from a larger sample of diploid cells from one or both parents, with or without genetic data from haploid cells from one or both parents, and/or genetic data taken from other related individuals.