Abstract: Examples of systems described herein provide for share-level disaster recovery on, for example, virtualized file servers by enabling additional snapshots, including self-service recovery (SSR) snapshot migration in addition to replication snapshot migration to a disaster recovery location. In examples, a disaster recovery location may receive a replication of a share of a file system, the snapshot configured for recovery of the share at the disaster recovery location. The replication snapshot may include one or more additional snapshots, each taken since a time of a previous replication snapshot. At least one of the one or more additional snapshots may include an SSR snapshot, identifiable based at least on a tag associated with a process used to create the SSR snapshot at a primary location. The at least one additional snapshot may be extracted for use by another instance of the process at the disaster recovery location.

Abstract: Exemplary methods, apparatuses, and systems include detecting a failure of a first memory subsystem of a plurality of memory subsystems. A first recovery instruction is sent to a second memory subsystem of the plurality of memory subsystems. The first recovery instruction directs the second memory subsystem to recover a first subset of data stored by the first memory subsystem. A second recovery instruction is sent to a third memory subsystem of the plurality of memory subsystems. The second recovery instruction directs the third memory subsystem to rebuild a second subset of data stored by the first memory subsystem. The first and second subsets of data differ from one another.

Abstract: This disclosure describes techniques that include implementing network-efficient data durability or data reliability coding on a network. In one example, this disclosure describes a method that includes generating a plurality of data fragments from data to enable reconstruction of the data from a subset of the plurality of data fragments; storing, across a plurality of nodes in a network, the plurality of data fragments, wherein storing the plurality of data fragments includes storing the first fragment at a first node and the second fragment at a second node; and generating, by the first node, a plurality of secondary fragments derived from the first fragment to enable reconstruction of the first fragment from a subset of the plurality of secondary fragments; and storing the plurality of secondary fragments from the first fragment across a plurality of storage devices included within the first node.

Abstract: Examples described herein are generally directed to backing up and restoring of container clusters. According to an example, the conventional tight coupling between namespaces and tenants is eliminated by providing within a container platform a tenant abstraction for each tenant of the container platform that shares resources of a container cluster. The tenant abstraction for a given tenant includes information indicative of a subset of namespaces of the container cluster assigned to the given tenant. Responsive to receipt via a user interface of the container platform of a request to backup a particular tenant of the container platform: the container platform determines the subset of namespaces assigned to the particular tenant; and for each namespace, causes a namespace-level backup/recovery tool to backup object data for the namespace within a backup location, and backup data associated with persistent volume claims for each unit of cluster replication within the namespace.

Abstract: A method for managing a block-based backup (BBB) includes: obtaining file system metadata, in which the file system metadata is for a file system on a production host; obtaining application metadata from the production host on which an application is executing; identifying assets in the file system metadata based on the application metadata to generate identified assets; generating a virtual file system for the application using the identified assets, in which the virtual file system does not include assets that are not part of the identified assets; receiving a request from the application to access a selected asset, in which the selected asset is one of the identified assets; and providing, using the file system metadata, access to the application for the selected asset in the BBB.

Abstract: A mobile data storage device (DSD) incorporating a mobile data storage device (DSD), the mobile DSD comprising a non-volatile storage medium configured to store user data, a data path configured to transmit at least data between the mobile DSD and a host computer system, a housing having a machine readable optical code and a controller. The controller is configured to receive, from the data path, a request to restore the mobile DSD to factory settings. The controller also receives, from the data path, a unique access passcode derived from the machine readable optical code. The controller validates the unique access passcode, and, in response to determining that the unique access passcode is valid, restores the mobile DSD to factory settings.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium and an apparatus for accessing to encoding-history information. The method includes: providing a super-block formed by storage space of flash units, where the super-block includes zones, each zone includes super-page strings, and each super-page string includes pages across the flash units; and programming encoding-history information into a metadata section of a designated first page of a designated super-page string, thereby enabling a damaged page that is occurred in the designated super-page string of the designated zone to be recovered according to the encoding-history information. The encoding-history information includes a history profile and history entries. The history profile indicates which zone or zones are covered in the super-block, and a quantity of the history entries.

Abstract: Cloud-based monitoring of hardware components in a fleet of storage systems, including: collecting, for a plurality of hardware components that are included in a physical storage system, information describing the operation each hardware component, wherein information is collected for the hardware components of multiple physical storage systems; predicting, based on the information describing the operation each hardware component and historical information describing the operation of one or more other hardware components, the expected performance of each hardware component; and modifying, based on the expected performance of each hardware component, the utilization of at least one or more of the physical storage systems in the fleet.

Abstract: A magnetic tape drive and an assembly for a tape drive are disclosed herein. The disclosed magnetic tape drive comprises a SAS-compliant tape drive module; and a USB-C to SAS assembly having one or more controllers operatively coupled to a USB-C connector and a SAS connector. The SAS connector of the USB-C to SAS assembly is operatively coupled to the SAS-compliant tape drive module. The USB-C to SAS assembly is configured to enable the magnetic tape drive to interface a USB-C-compliant computing device with the SAS-compliant tape drive module, and the USB-C to SAS assembly is configured to transmit tape commands received at the USB-C connector to the SAS-compliant tape drive module via the one or more controllers and the SAS connector. The assembly includes a SAS connector, a USB-C connector, and one or more controllers operatively coupled to the SAS connector and the USB-C connector.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a recovery method for a terminal device startup failure and a terminal device. The method includes: determining that a failure indication event occurs in a startup process, where the failure indication event is used to indicate a startup failure; determining at least one recovery policy based on a type of the failure indication event and/or a cause of the failure indication event; and performing startup recovery based on the at least one recovery policy.

Abstract: A storage restore system includes a processor, a memory, and a restore part configured to generate, in a recovery-destination storage area to which to recover a file or a directory stored in a designated storage area and indicated by object data including the file or the directory and parent directory information which is information on a directory to which the file or the directory belongs, a directory indicated by the parent directory information in the object data, and configured to generate the file or the directory indicated by the object data under the directory thus generated.

Abstract: Systems and methods for guaranteeing the integrity of created within or transferred using a network of moving things. Different types of data from different data sources may be monitored, and various approaches to validating such data may be employed using expected data characteristics, alternate data sources, and historical information to help maximize the likelihood that data destined for a particular destination is available when needed, and is found to be valid and reliable.

Abstract: A system for interfacing with a co-processor or input/output device is disclosed. According to one embodiment, the system includes a computer processing unit, a memory module, a memory bus that connects the computer processing unit and the memory module and a co-processing unit or input/output device, wherein the memory bus also connects the co-processing unit or input/output device to the computer processing unit.

Abstract: Techniques perform storage management. The techniques involve: in response to a target request for a target redundant array of independent disks (RAID), determining that data in a first storage block associated with the target RAID needs to be moved or copied, wherein the target request includes one of the following: a restriping request, a type conversion request, or a rebalancing request; creating an intermediate RAID associated with an idle second storage block; and copying the data in the first storage block to a corresponding storage space in the intermediate RAID to write at least part of the data in the second storage block. Based on this mode, RAID restriping, type conversion, or rebalancing can be implemented efficiently.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method according to one embodiment includes receiving a request to withdraw a point-in-time snapshot copy operation being implemented by a data consistency application; in response to determining that the data consistency application is creating a current consistency group, maintaining the withdrawal request while allowing the creation of the current consistency group by the data consistency application; and in response to determining that the data consistency application is idle, preventing a formation of a new consistency group by the data consistency application during the withdrawal of the point-in-time snapshot copy operation.

Abstract: A metadata volume bitmap data conflict processing method. When the space allocation of a metadata volume encounters conflicts of 0-to-1 and 1-to-0, a conflict bit is set to be 1, so that when a garbage collector periodically performs space collection processing, data loss when data is overwritten due to collection of the bit to space corresponding to the bit in the case that I bit is detected to be 0 at one end may be avoided; when a conflict happens, conflict bits are both set to be 1, so that the conflict bits may be prevented from being allocated again, the space is prevented from being repeatedly allocated and repeatedly written and thus the data loss due to data overwriting is avoided, and after the garbage collection collects the conflict bits, continuous allocation may be performed, thereby implementing the repeated utilization of the conflict bits.

Abstract: A method, system and computer-usable medium for constructing a distribution of interrelated event features. The constructing a distribution of interrelated event features includes receiving a stream of events, the stream of events comprising a plurality of events; extracting features from the plurality of events; constructing a distribution of the features from the plurality of events; and, analyzing the distribution of the features from the plurality of events.

Abstract: A sub-Non-Uniform Memory Access (sub-NUMA) clustering fault resilient memory system includes an initialization subsystem that is coupled to a processing system and a memory system. The initialization subsystem determines that the processing system and the memory system are configured to provide a plurality of NUMA nodes, allocates a respective portion of the memory system to each of the plurality of NUMA nodes, and configures each respective portion of the memory system to mirror a mirrored subset of that respective portion of the memory system. Subsequently, respective data that is utilized by each of the plurality of NUMA nodes provided by the processing system and the memory system and that is stored in the mirrored subset of the respective portion of the memory system allocated to that NUMA node is mirrored in that respective portion of the memory system.

Abstract: A size associated with a content file is determined to be greater than a threshold size. Contents of the content file split across a plurality of component files are stored. Metadata, for the content file, is updated to reference a plurality of component file metadata structures for the component files. A node of the metadata is configured to track different sizes of portions of the content file stored in different component files of the plurality of component files. File metadata of the content file is split across the plurality of component file metadata structures and each component file metadata structure of the plurality of component file metadata structures specifies a corresponding structure organizing data components for a corresponding portion of the content file.

Abstract: Examples described herein are generally directed to backing up and restoring of container clusters. According to an example, the conventional tight coupling between namespaces and tenants is eliminated by providing within a container platform a tenant abstraction for each tenant of the container platform that shares resources of a container cluster. The tenant abstraction for a given tenant includes information indicative of a subset of namespaces of the container cluster assigned to the given tenant. Responsive to receipt via a user interface of the container platform of a request to backup a particular tenant of the container platform: the container platform determines the subset of namespaces assigned to the particular tenant; and for each namespace, causes a namespace-level backup/recovery tool to backup object data for the namespace within a backup location, and backup data associated with persistent volume claims for each unit of cluster replication within the namespace.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to computer-implemented methods, software, and systems for an automatic recovery job execution through a scheduling framework in a cloud environment. One or more recovery jobs are scheduled to be performed periodically for one or more registered service components included in a service instance running on a cluster node of a cloud platform. Each recovery job is associated with a corresponding service component of the service instance. A health check operation is invoked at a service component based on executing a recovery job at the scheduling framework corresponding to the service component. In response to determining that the service component needs a recovery measure based on a result from the health check operation, a recovery operation is invoked as part of executing a set of scheduled routines of the recovery job. Implemented logic for the recovery operation is stored and executed at the service component.

Abstract: A variety of applications can include systems and/or methods of partial save of memory in an apparatus such as a non-volatile dual in-line memory module. In various embodiments, a set of control registers of a non-volatile dual in-line memory module can be configured to contain an identification of a portion of dynamic random-access memory of the non-volatile dual in-line memory module from which to back up content to non-volatile memory of the non-volatile dual in-line memory module. Registers of the set of control registers may also be allotted to contain an amount of content to transfer from the dynamic random-access memory content to the non-volatile memory. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems related to storing parity data in dynamic random access memory (DRAM) are described. In an example, a method can include generating, at a controller, parity data based on user data queued for writing to a non-volatile memory device, receiving the parity data at a DRAM device from the controller and writing the parity data to the DRAM device, receiving the user data at a non-volatile memory device from the controller and writing the user data to the non-volatile memory device, reading the user data from the non-volatile memory device via the controller, and receiving the parity data at the controller from the DRAM device.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a processing device configured to receive a request to restore one or more applications, the request specifying one of a set of remote copies of storage volumes that store data of the applications. The processing device is also configured to analyze the applications to identify (i) the storage volumes storing data for the applications and (ii) groups comprising the identified storage volumes. The processing device is also configured, responsive to determining that the identified groups are part of a group replication session, to select one of a set of different types of restore processes for performing the restore of the applications to the specified remote copy based at least in part on whether the identified groups comprise additional storage volumes other than the identified storage volumes and to perform the restore of the applications to the specified remote copy utilizing the selected restore process.

Abstract: A method, electronic device, and computer readable medium for managing a backup system is disclosed. The method includes acquiring a state of the backup system. The backup system includes a backup server and at least one backup client terminal, the backup server using multiple threads to back up data from the at least one backup client terminal to a persistent storage device via a buffer. The method also includes determining a reward score corresponding to the state of the backup system and determining configuration information for the backup system based on the state and the reward score of the backup system. The configuration information indicating at least one of the number of the multiple threads and the size of the buffer. The number of writing threads and the size of the buffer for the persistent storage device may be dynamically adjusted based on the state of the backup system.

Abstract: Monitoring and automatically remediating issues that arise at run-time during integrations between Application Program Interfaces (APIs) of two or more endpoint products over an integration framework. The monitoring is facilitated by inserting specialized modules into the integration framework that detects changes in the outputs of the integrated endpoint products and attempts to remedy them by automatically adjusting the output in-transit towards a destination endpoint. The specialized modules can be enhanced by machine learning algorithms trained on previously successful remedies. Remedies may be directed towards schema variations and performance drifts, among others.

Abstract: A method of instructing a user prior to a boot-up process of an information handling system may include, with an embedded controller (EC) of the information handling system, executing a guided diagnostic flow module to: determine that a power-on process has been initiated at the information handling system; determine whether the EC detected a power sequencing timeout during boot up; and determine at which power rail boot-up has hung during the power-on process; and where the EC either determines that the power sequencing timeout has occurred, determining a fault at an issue-experiencing hardware component operatively coupled to the determined power rail.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus includes a first processing unit that executes real-time processing with respect to data, a second processing unit that executes batch processing with respect to data that is output from the first processing unit as a result of processing by the first processing unit, and a monitor that monitors a status of the processing by the first processing unit and a status of processing by the second processing unit. The first processing unit includes a plurality of subprocessing units and buffers, and the second processing unit also includes a plurality of subprocessing units and buffers. The second processing unit includes a storage. The monitor includes a first monitor that monitors, for each of the buffers included in the first processing unit, an amount of the data stored in the corresponding buffer and a second monitor that monitors a total amount of the data stored in the buffers included in the second processing unit and the data stored in the storage.

Abstract: Discovery service contact information is provided from a data storage system to administration logic of a virtualization environment, and distributed within the virtualization environment to hypervisor hosts, enabling the hypervisor hosts to discover logical ports within the data storage system, and then establish logical communication paths between the hypervisor hosts and the ports. In response to determining that the data storage system supports virtual volumes, the hypervisor hosts indicate hypervisor capability of using virtual volumes to the data storage system, and the data storage system exposes virtual volumes to hypervisors in response to indications of the ability of those hypervisors to use virtual volumes.

Abstract: Aspects relate to apparatuses and methods for using machine learning to verify lost user data in a resource data storage system. An exemplary apparatus includes a processor and a memory communicatively connected to the processor, the memory containing instructions configuring the processor to identify a plurality of lost user data stored in a resource data storage system potentially associated with a particular user of a plurality of users, verify, using a recovery program, the plurality of lost user data potentially associated with the particular user and link, as a function of the verification, the plurality of lost user data to the particular user.

Abstract: A location of at least one fail bit to be repaired in a memory block of a memory is extracted from at least one memory test on the memory block. An available repair resource in the memory for repairing the memory block is obtained. It is determined whether a Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) containing a plurality of constraints is solvable. The constraints correspond to the location of the at least one fail bit in the memory block, and the available repair resource. In response to determining that the CSP is not solvable, the memory block is marked as unrepairable or the memory is rejected. In response to determining that the CSP is solvable and has a solution satisfying the constraints, the at least one fail bit is repaired using the available repair resource in accordance with the solution of the CSP.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosed technology relate to a memory system, and a memory controller and a method of operating the same. In performing a recovery operation after occurrence of sudden power off (SPO), by determining whether to delete, from a memory device, journaling information associated with data stored in a target open memory block based on the state of the memory device, thereby preventing unnecessary data movement in a situation where the number of free memory blocks included in the memory device is insufficient, and maintaining the number of free memory blocks included in the memory device to a predetermined value or more.

Abstract: Systems (e.g. data centers) having composable infrastructure, in which computing devices (e.g., servers) access disk drives organized into storage groups over a network or other communications mechanism, devices for implementing such systems, methods for configuring and operating such systems, and a computer readable medium which stores (in non-transitory fashion) code for performing any embodiment of the inventive method or steps thereof. Typically, the storage groups are determined such that the drives in each storage group have at least one coupled failure mechanism, and the drives are allocated to servers (and typically also, data items are placed in the servers) in accordance with storage group membership of the drives. In some embodiments, data from a server is stored in redundant fashion on at least two of the drives, e.g., in accordance a RAID technique.

Abstract: Disclosed in some examples are techniques for handling parity data of a non-volatile memory device with limited cache memory. In certain examples, user data can be programmed into the non-volatile memory of the non-volatile memory device in data stripes, and parity information can be calculated for each individual data stripe within a limited capacity cache of the non-volatile memory device. The individual parity information can be swapped between a swap block of the non-volatile memory and the limited capacity cache as additional data stripes are programmed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for file backup, an electronic device and a computer program product. The method comprises: dividing a set of files to be backed up into a plurality of subsets of files, files in each of the plurality of subsets of files being of a same file type. The method also comprises: generating a plurality of backup files based on the plurality of subsets of files respectively, the plurality of backup files corresponding to a plurality of file types of files in the plurality of subsets of files respectively. The method further comprises: generating an overall backup file corresponding to the set of files based on the plurality of backup files.

Abstract: A processing device in a memory sub-system identifies a stream of data that is associated with an exclusive-or (XOR) calculator component generating first parity data for data from the stream of data that is stored in a memory sub-system. The processing device further receives one or more characteristics associated with the stream of data, and assigns the stream of data to a buffer memory of the XOR calculator component based on the received one or more characteristics.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an operating system (OS) or hypervisor running on a computer system can allocate a portion of the volatile memory of the computer system as a persistent memory allocation. The OS/hypervisor can further receive a signal from the computer system's Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) indicating an alternating current (AC) power loss or cycle event and, in response to the signal, can save data in the persistent memory allocation to a nonvolatile backing store. Then, upon restoration of AC power to the computer system, the OS/hypervisor can restore the saved data from the nonvolatile backing store to the persistent memory allocation.

Abstract: Architectures and mechanisms for rebuilding data on a node in a multimode system providing replicated data stores. A primary node provides a primary data store and a secondary node provides a replicated data store and replication to the second node occurs substantially synchronously during periods of normal operation for the second node. If the secondary node is available after a period of unavailability a copy of previously-replicated data on the secondary node is copied and stored when the secondary node is available after the period of unavailability before rebuilding of the secondary node to recover from the period of unavailability. The copy of the previously-replicated data can be used as a backup copy to the primary node during the rebuilding. The data on the secondary node is updated after the copy has been made. The updating comprises asynchronously writing data to the data on the secondary node. The secondary node synchronously replicates data from the primary node after the rebuilding.

Abstract: A memory system may include a plurality of nonvolatile memory devices, a first operation unit configured to perform a first operation on target data stored in target nonvolatile memory devices, and one or more second operation units configured to perform second operations. The first operation unit performs the first operation by reading target data and parity data from nonvolatile memory devices not associated with second operations concurrently performed by the second operation units.

Abstract: A storage device includes a first memory device, a second memory device, and a controller. The first memory device and the second memory device share the same channel to communicate with the controller. Communication between the first memory device and the controller and communication between the second memory device and the controller are mutually exclusive. When the controller receives a read request directed to the second memory device while the controller processes a direct memory access (DMA) operation directed to the first memory device, the controller suspends the DMA operation and transmits a read command associated with the read request to the second memory device.

Abstract: The present technology relates to a semiconductor memory device and a method of operating the semiconductor memory device. The semiconductor memory device includes a memory cell array including a plurality of memory blocks, which are assigned as a plurality of normal blocks, a plurality of first replacement blocks, a plurality of second replacement blocks, a first CAM block, and a second CAM block, a peripheral circuit configured to perform an erase operation and a program operation on the plurality of memory blocks, and a control logic configured to control the peripheral circuit to perform a growing bad block check operation on a target block during the program operation on a selected target block among the normal memory blocks.

Abstract: A method for executing a hard disk operation command, a hard disk, and a storage medium. After an operation command is received, a target LUN in an idle state is determined; a target physical block that is to be accessed when the operation command is executed is determined from the target LUN; the operation command is stored in a processing waiting queue corresponding to a flash memory chip to which the target physical block belongs; and a working state of the target LUN is changed to a non-idle state when a quantity of operation commands that wait to be processed in a processing waiting queue respectively corresponding to each flash memory chip in the target LUN is greater than a preset threshold.

Abstract: A method comprising: receiving a request to write data at a virtual location; writing the data to a physical location on a persistent storage device; and recording a mapping from the virtual location to the physical location; wherein the physical location corresponds to a next free block in a sequence of blocks on the persistent storage device.

Abstract: A RAID storage-device-assisted unavailable primary data/Q data rebuild system includes a RAID primary data drive that receives a RAID storage controller device command and DMA's first primary data to a RAID parity data drive. The RAID parity data drive receives a RAID storage controller device command and XORs its first parity data, the first primary data, and its second primary data to produce third primary data that it writes to its storage subsystem. The RAID parity data storage device then receives a RAID storage controller device command and performs GF and XOR operations on the first primary data, the second primary data, and the third primary data to produce second Q data, and DMA's the first Q data to a RAID Q data drive. The RAID Q data storage device receives a RAID storage controller device command and writes the first Q data to its storage subsystem.

Abstract: Embodiments adaptively determine a read retry threshold voltage for a next read operation using meta information collected from previous failed read data. A controller obtains meta information associated with a read operation on a select page, the meta information including a read threshold voltage set. The controller determines a mathematical model for estimating a checksum value for data associated with a next read operation, using a set function of the read threshold voltage set and a set checksum value. The controller determines a set of parameters by performing polynomial regression on the mathematical model. The controller estimates a next read threshold voltage for the next read operation based on the set of parameters.

Abstract: A portion of the shared global memory of a storage array is allocated for write-only blocks. Writes to a same-block of a production device may be accumulated in the allocated portion of memory. Temporal sequencing may be associated with each accumulated version of the same-block. When idle processing resources become available, the oldest group of same-blocks may be consolidated based on the temporal sequencing. The consolidated block may then be destaged to cache slots or managed drives. A group of same-blocks may also be consolidated in response to a read command.

Abstract: Some examples herein provide for protection of data on a data path in a memory system in an integrated circuit. In an example, an integrated circuit includes a bit checker circuit, an Error Correcting Code (ECC) encoder circuit, an ECC decoder circuit, and a check bit generation circuit. The bit checker circuit is configured to check write data based on write-path check bit(s). The ECC encoder circuit is configured to generate a write encoded ECC value based on the write data. The write encoded ECC value is to be written to the memory with the write data. The ECC decoder circuit is configured to decode a read encoded ECC value and check read data based on the read encoded ECC value. The read encoded ECC value and read data are read from the memory. The check bit generation circuit is configured to generate read-path check bit(s) from the read data.

Abstract: Provided are a computer program product, system, and method for recovering storage devices in a storage array having errors. A determination is made to replace a first storage device in a storage array with a second storage device. The storage array is rebuilt by including the second storage device in the storage array and removing the first storage device from the storage array resulting in a rebuilt storage array. The first storage device is recovered from errors that resulted in the determination to replace. Data is copied from the second storage device included in the rebuilt storage array to the first storage device. The recovered first storage device is swapped into the storage array to replace the second storage device in response to copying the data from the second storage device to the first storage device.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for data protection management are provided. Failure notifications corresponding to backup failures of client servers in a healthcare facility are received and a dashboard associated with the backup failures is provided. The dashboard comprises user information that identifies users assigned to each backup failure. In embodiments, the dashboard enables a user to update a status of a backup failure and add, access, and modify records corresponding to a backup failure. In some embodiments, the dashboard is integrated with a service management application that enables the user to create a service request from the dashboard. A report corresponding to the dashboard is generated and communicated to a leadership team. The report includes statistics corresponding to backup failures addressed by each associate and backup failures identified per region or unit of a healthcare facility.

Abstract: A storage device includes a nonvolatile memory device, a memory controller, and a buffer memory. The memory controller determines a first memory block of the nonvolatile memory device, which is targeted for a read reclaim operation, and reads target data from a target area of the first memory block. The target data are stored in the buffer memory. The memory controller reads at least a portion of the target data stored in the buffer memory in response to a read request corresponding to at least a portion of the target area.