Abstract: A method for data storage includes storing data in a memory that includes one or more memory units, each memory unit including memory blocks. The stored data is compacted by copying at least a portion of the data from a first memory block to a second memory block, and subsequently erasing the first memory block. Upon detecting a failure in the second memory block after copying the portion of the data and before erasure of the first memory block, the portion of the data is recovered by reading the portion from the first memory block.

Abstract: Methods and devices for recovering data stored in a non-volatile storage device are provided. Data may be recovered for memory cells associated with a word line that cannot be read using ECC that was calculated based on the data stored on that word line. This allows recovery for situations such as a word line shorting to the substrate or two adjacent word lines shorting together. When programming memory cells associated with a group of word lines, parity bits may be calculated and stored in memory cells associated with an additional word line in the memory device. When reading memory cells associated with one of the word lines in the group, an otherwise unrecoverable error may occur. By knowing which word line is defective, its data may be recovered using the parity bits and the data of all of the other word lines in the group.

Abstract: An electronic circuit (200) for use with an accessing circuit (110) that supplies a given address and a partial write data portion and also has dummy cycles. The electronic circuit (200) includes a memory circuit (230) accessible at addresses, an address buffer (410), a data buffer (440) coupled to the memory circuit (230), and a control circuit (246) operable in the dummy cycles to read data from the memory circuit (230) to the data buffer (440) from a next address location in the memory circuit (230) and to store that next address in the address buffer (410).

Abstract: An automatic data recovery circuit includes a register, an error detection unit and a data recovery unit. The register stores a register data including an input data and a remainder data generated by a cyclic redundancy check calculation on the input data using a predefined generation polynomial. The error detection unit performs a modular calculation on the register data stored in the register using the predefined generation polynomial to generate an error detection signal indicating whether an error is detected in the register data stored in the register. The data recovery unit recovers the input data when an error is detected in the input data based on the error detection signal and a comparison data generated by comparing the input data stored in the register with a reference voltage using a capacitor.

Abstract: In one example, a device includes one or more processors configured to determine that data for at least a portion of a segment of media data has been lost after a remaining portion of the segment has been received via a network transmission in accordance with dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH), based on the determination, prior to decoding the media data, add default data to the segment to replace the data that has been determined to be lost to form a replacement segment, and output media data of the replacement segment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for selectively replacing damaged portions of a data stream. The method comprises analyzing the data stream to identify damaged portions therein; selecting a damaged portion for replacement; and replacing the selected damaged portion. The selected damaged portion is selected for replacement in dependence on a rate of replacement, the rate of replacement being that at which previous portions of the data stream have been replaced.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for managing bit errors present in an encoded bit stream representative of a portion of an audio signal, wherein the encoded bit stream is received via a channel in a wireless communications system. The channel may comprise, for example, a Synchronous Connection-Oriented (SCO) channel or an Extended SCO (eSCO) channel in a Bluetooth® wireless communications system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of providing an audio output to a user in a communications system in which the audio to be output to a user, preferably an audio frame, is assessed before it is broadcast to the user, and then selectively changed on the basis of the assessment. The assessment may be carried out in the audio encoding process, in the audio decoding process and/or after the audio decoding process. The selective changing of the audio output may comprise selectively replacing the audio output and/or re-encoding of the audio output.

Abstract: A reception circuit that receives data by serial communication in a plurality of lanes and includes a plurality of error checking units each of which checks presence of an error in the received data, a plurality of memories each of which stores the received data, and a processing unit that reads the received data from the plurality of memories, and outputs a read data. The lanes include a redundant lane that transmits redundant data, the received data is stored in a first area of a plurality of areas included in each of the memories, and other received data received next to the received data is stored in a second area. When there is an error in any one of the pieces of received data stored in the respective first areas, the processing unit generates correct data using the redundant data stored in the first area, and outputs it.

Abstract: Embodiments related to retransmission in a communication system are described and depicted. In one embodiment, a retransmission entity repeats a transmission of a data transfer unit by the device after a predetermined number of other transmitted data transfer units has been transmitted. The retransmission entity may also determine whether a measure for a time period since the first transmission of the data transfer unit by the device has exceeded a predetermined threshold and to provide a final transmission of the data transfer unit based on the determining that the measure for the time period has exceeded the predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A method is provided for recovering from an uncorrected memory error located at a memory address as identified by a memory device. A stored hash value for a memory page corresponding to the identified memory address is used to determine the correct data. Because the memory device specifies the location of the corrupted data, and the size of the window where the corruption occurred, the stored hash can be used to verify memory page reconstruction. With the known good part of the data in hand, the hashes of the pages using possible values in place of the corrupted data are calculated. It is expected that there will be a match between the previously stored hash and one of the computed hashes. As long as there is one and only one match, then that value, used in the place of the corrupted data, is the correct value. The corrupt data, once replaced, allows operation of the memory device to continue without needing to interrupt or otherwise affect a system's operation.

Abstract: The Invention pertains to the field of broadcasting digital services to terminals for transmitting said services, and concerns the problem of the smooth transfer between two versions of a same stream upstream from a transmitter within transmission networks on a single modulation frequency. The invention relates to a device for the fine synchronization of different versions of a data stream received with a certain offset or various jitters. In order to do so, the device includes different paths for detecting errors (ETR) and synchronizing the stream (SNF).

Abstract: A method of processing a DAB audio stream, the method comprising: receiving a compressed and modulated DAB audio stream comprising a plurality of audio frames encoded with scale factors and a DAB-CRC error detection code for indicating errors in the scale factors; demodulating the DAB stream; and processing the demodulated and still compressed DAB stream responsive to the DAB-CRC of at least one audio frame of the plurality of audio frames; by determining a trend in values of scale factors and repairing or concealing the error in the scale factor responsive to the trend.

Abstract: A bill identification apparatus accurately identifying an authenticity with a folding line formed in a watermark. The bill identification apparatus includes: bill reading means; a converter which converts the watermarked image read by the bill reading means for each pixel containing color information having brightness; a image correction processing part which calculates an average density value for each pixel array in one direction, an average density value for each pixel array in the other direction, and an average density value of an entire watermarked image and corrects density values of respective pixels so as to approximate or match the average density value of the entire watermarked image; a reference data storage part which stores a reference watermarked image; an identification processing part which compares the corrected image by the image correction processing part with the reference watermarked image and identifies an authenticity.

Abstract: There is provided with an apparatus including: a receiving section which receives a frame including an error detection code from a network; an error detecting section which performs error detection on the frame received by the receiving section based on the error detection code; a data storage which stores data in a predetermined field of the frame as replacement data in a case where an error is not detected in the frame; a data selecting section which selects the replacement data from the data storage in a case where an error is detected in the frame; and a frame generating section which generates a frame in which data in the predetermined field of the frame is replaced with the replacement data selected by the data selecting section in the case where an error is detected in the frame; wherein the error detecting section performs error detection on the generated frame.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for selectively replacing damaged portions of a data stream. The method comprises analyzing the data stream to identify damaged portions therein; selecting a damaged portion for replacement; and replacing the selected damaged portion. The selected damaged portion is selected for replacement in dependence on a rate of replacement, the rate of replacement being that at which previous portions of the data stream have been replaced.

Abstract: A method for constructing a histogram can include sampling attributes in a column of a database on a server and determining a bucket set for the histogram based on a number of buckets that represents a distribution of the attributes with minimum error. A bucket in the bucket set includes boundaries and an approximation of a count of attributes falling within the boundaries. The method further includes determining a precision for encoding the approximation, such that the histogram having the bucket set fits within a storage limit on a tangible computer-readable medium. The histogram can then be stored for the database on a tangible computer-readable medium by encoding the approximation with the precision.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a semiconductor memory device includes semiconductor memory chips in which data requested to be written. The data has one or more pieces of first data in a predetermined unit. The device includes a write controller that writes the first data and redundancy information calculated by using a predetermined number of pieces of the first data and used for correcting an error in the predetermined number of pieces of the first data into different semiconductor memory chips; and a storage unit that stores identification information and region specifying information so as to be associated with each other. The identification information associates the first data and the redundancy information, and the region specifying information specifies a plurality of storage regions in the semiconductor memory chips to which the pieces of the first data and the redundancy information associated with each other are written.

Abstract: Low latency and computationally efficient techniques may be employed to account for errors in data such as low bit-width, oversampled data. In some aspects these techniques may be employed to mitigate audio artifacts associated with sigma-delta modulated audio data. In some aspects an error may be detected in a set of encoded data based on an outcome of a channel decoding process. Upon determining that a set of data may contain at least one error, the set of data may be replaced with another set of data that is based on one or more neighboring data sets. For example, in some aspects a set of data including at least one bit in error may be replaced with data that is generated by applying a cross-fading operation to neighboring data sets. In some aspects a given data bit may be flipped as a result of a linear prediction operation that is applied to PCM equivalent data that is associated with the given data bit and its neighboring data bits.

Abstract: A system and method is disclosed for managing bookmark buttons on a web browser toolbar. A web browser stores the number of times it is used to navigate to a website. On navigating to a website a predetermined number of times, a bookmark button that links to the website is automatically generated and displayed on the toolbar. The number of bookmark buttons displayed at any one time is limited, and they are arranged by the number of times their associated websites have been viewed. On determining that a new website has been viewed more than a website associated with a currently displayed bookmark button, the currently displayed bookmark button is replaced by a new bookmark button that links to the new website.

Abstract: A method of frame error concealment in encoded audio data comprises receiving encoded audio data in a plurality of frames; and using saved one or more parameter values from one or more previous frames to reconstruct a frame with frame error. Using the saved one or more parameter values comprises deriving parameter values based at least part on the saved one or more parameter values and applying the derived values to the frame with frame error.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for multiplexing positive or negative acknowledgement signals (ACK or NACK, respectively) and channel quality indication (CQI) signals from a user equipment (UE) to a serving base station (Node B) during a CQI transmission time interval (TTI) in a single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) communication system. The UE does not have simultaneous data transmission. The multiplexing of acknowledgement signals is implicitly achieved by the UE applying different orthogonal covers on the reference signal (RS) symbols transmitted in the CQI TTI, depending on whether the UE sends ACK or NACK. At the Node B receiver, the detection of ACK or NACK is based on the accumulated RS energy, after removing each of the possible orthogonal covers applied at the UE transmitter. For robust system performance, absence of ACK/NACK and NACK are mapped onto the same orthogonal cover.

Abstract: This invention relates to techniques for managing the transmission and reception of data fragments that contains one or more data blocks using a single timer. One embodiment of the invention includes the following steps: processing the fragments sequentially, wherein each fragment has a processing index that corresponds to sequential processing of that fragment; processing each of the fragments until a termination upon meeting a first pre-defined condition; assigning a timer to an un-terminated fragment having a lowest processing index; starting said timer having a timeout value; and running said timer until the processing of said un-terminated fragment is terminated. This invention uses only one timer for each connection and therefore reduces memory and operational needs in the management of the data fragments that are being received or transmitted.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for determining the location of intermediate CRC in a data stream sent from a channel subsystem to a control unit of an I/O processing system. A CRC locating module determines the location of at least one intermediate CRC in a transport data information unit. A CRC offset module determines a CRC offset of the at least one intermediate CRC. The CRC offset is a value identifying the difference between the location of the at least one intermediate CRC and the location of the first byte of user data in the transport data information unit. An offset block creation module creates a CRC offset block which includes a CRC offset value for each of the at least one intermediate CRC within the transport data information unit and a transmission module transmits the COB to a control unit in the I/O processing system.

Abstract: A system and method communicates commands from a command originator to receiving devices, yet the receiving devices do not confirm receipt of the command. The most current command (e.g. the one with the highest sequence number) is rebroadcast by the command originator and the receiving devices, tending to be more frequent upon detection of an event indicating that the most current command was not received by at least one other device, and less frequently upon detection of an event indicating that the most current command was provided with sufficient duplication that if another device could receive it, the device likely did receive it, subject to a maximum and minimum rate.

Abstract: A soft error correction method is for a memory system having memory access controllers accessing memories for storing byte-sliced data in cycle synchronism, and a system controller receiving a memory access from an arbitrary one of MPUs and issuing a memory address to the memory access controllers. When a correctable error is detected in data read from one memory, an error address where the error was detected is held within a memory access controller, and an error notification is made to the system controller from the memory access controller. In response to the error notification, the memory access controller holds the error address from the system controller without intervention from the MPUs, and reads, corrects and rewrites the data to the error address.

Abstract: A stereo sound decoding apparatus wherein lost-frame compensation performance has been improved to enhance the quality of decoded sounds.

Abstract: A sound data decoding apparatus based on a waveform coding method includes a loss detector, sound data decoder, sound data analyzer, parameter modifying section and sound synthesizing section. The loss detector detects whether a loss exists in a sound data. The sound data decoder decodes the sound data to generate a first decoded sound signal. The sound data analyzer extracts a first parameter from the first decoded sound signal. The parameter modifying section modifies the first parameter based on a result of the detection of loss. The sound synthesizing section generates a first synthesized sound signal by using the modified first parameter. Thus, a deterioration of sound quality is prevented in the error compensation of sound data.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for selectively replacing damaged portions of a data stream. The method comprises analyzing the data stream to identify damaged portions therein; selecting a damaged portion for replacement; and replacing the selected damaged portion. The selected damaged portion is selected for replacement in dependence on a rate of replacement, the rate of replacement being that at which previous portions of the data stream have been replaced.

Abstract: A method of performing wireless communications. The method receives at a receiving unit a sequence of data blocks from a transmitting unit. The method also identifies at the receiving unit a first number of invalid sequential data blocks in the sequence and a second number of valid sequential data blocks in the sequence. The method also communicates from the receiving unit a wireless message to the transmitting unit. The wireless message comprises a first field that specifies the first number and a second field that specifies the second number—the encoding of the first field is operable to specify a different maximum than an encoding of the second field.

Abstract: A digital broadcast system having storing resistance to errors generated during the transmission of mobile service data, and a data processing method are disclosed. The digital broadcast system additionally encodes mobile service data. As a result, the mobile service data has strong resistance to a channel variation and noise, and at the same time the system can quickly cope with the channel variation.

Abstract: An on-the-fly repair method for a memory includes: performing a block erase operation on the memory; checking whether the block erase operation is passed or not; finding whether there is any available and healthy redundancy block in the memory if the block erase operation is not passed; programming an address of a failed block to be repaired, an enable bit and at least one error correction bit into both first and second redundancy information regions in a redundancy information set of the memory; checking whether error in the first and the second redundancy information regions is recoverable based on the error correction bit; and if the error is recoverable, then programming the redundancy information set as effective to replace the failed block by the redundancy block related to the effective redundancy information set.

Abstract: A microprocessor includes control hardware that receives and stores control values and provides the control values to circuits of the microprocessor for controlling operation of the microprocessor. The microprocessor also includes a first plurality of fuses selectively blown collectively with a predetermined value, and a second plurality of fuses selectively blown collectively with an error correction value computed from the predetermined value collectively blown into the first plurality of fuses. In response to being reset, the microprocessor reads the first and second plurality of fuses, detects an error in the value read from the first plurality of fuses using the value read from the second plurality of fuses, corrects the value read from the first plurality of fuses back to the predetermined value using the value read from the second plurality of fuses, and uses the corrected predetermined value to write the control values into the control hardware.

Abstract: Packets of real-time information are sent with a source rate greater than zero kilobits per second, and a time or path or combined time/path diversity rate initially being zero kilobits per second. This results in a quality of service QoS, optionally measured at the sender or the receiver. When the QoS is on an unacceptable side of a threshold of acceptability, the sender sends diversity packets at an increased rate. Increasing the diversity rate while either reducing or maintaining the overall transmission rate is new. CELP-based multiple-description data partitioning sends the base or important information plus a subset of fixed excitation in one packet and sends the base or important information plus the complementary subset of fixed excitation in another packet. Reconstruction produces acceptable quality when only one of the two packets is received and better quality when both packets are received. Reconstruction provides for single and multiple lost packets.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for verifying a design includes representing a verification directive, which pertains to the design and includes a local variable, by a finite state machine. The state machine includes multiple states, with transitions among the states, transition conditions associated with the transitions, and procedural blocks, which correspond to the transitions and define operations to be performed on the local variable when traversing the respective transitions. The finite state machine is executed by traversing the transitions in accordance with the respective transition conditions and modifying the local variable in accordance with the respective procedural blocks of the traversed transitions, so as to verify the design with respect to the verification directive.

Abstract: Packets are duplicated, delayed, and spread in time as a form of forward error correction. If a client device receives duplicate packets, they can be discarded. If one of the duplicate packets is lost, then the duplication provides forward error correction with no change to the device that receives the packet.

Abstract: A system and method of utilizing a network to correct flawed media data. The media device includes a processor, a memory, a network adapter, a removable media interface, an error-correction module, and a communication module. The network device enables the media device to connect to the network and server. The removable media interface enables a user to couple a removable medium to the media device. After a user inserts a removable medium into the removable media interface, the processor and error-correction module examines the removable medium for physical errors. If the number of detected errors exceeds a predetermined threshold, the media device, via the network adapter and the communication module, queries a server for correction data. This correction data may be utilized by the media device to enable successful processing of the data stored on the removable medium.

Abstract: A decoding apparatus includes a memory and a receiving unit and is adapted to decode data in units of codewords each including a parity part. The memory has a storage capacity capable of storing at least data with a length equal to the length of one codeword. The receiving unit receives, as received values, elements of a codeword in a bit-interleaved form, performs bit deinterleaving and parity permutating on the received values, and stores the resultant received values in the memory.

Abstract: A non-volatile storage subsystem is capable of serving as a configuration controller for configuring/programming one or more field-programmable devices, such as FPGAs, of a target computer system. The storage subsystem may be in the form of a memory card or drive that plugs into a standard slot or external port of the target system. When connected to the target system, the storage subsystem uses the appropriate download interface/protocol to stream or otherwise send configuration data stored in its non-volatile storage to the target system's field-programmable device(s). Thus, the need for a configuration controller in the target system is avoided. Once the configuration process is complete, the storage subsystem preferably acts as a standard storage subsystem, such as an ATA storage drive, that may be used by the target system to store data.

Abstract: A decoding apparatus acquires, from encoded data, a piece of additional bits that have been partly cut off, acquires, from the piece of the additional bits, the number of bits that are missing due to the cutting off as the number of missing bits, and restores the additional bits by reproducing the missing bits.

Abstract: An approach is provided for encoding information bits to output a coded signal using turbo code encoding with a low code rate.

Abstract: A system includes a header stripper configured to strip header data from a plurality of legacy system frames. Each of the plurality of legacy system frames (i) being in accordance with a legacy system frame format and (ii) including a header block and a traffic channel block. A first encoder is configured to encode speech data for a plurality of slots of the traffic channel blocks. A second encoder is configured to encode the stripped header data as a frame header. A combiner is configured to combine the frame header and the encoded speech data to generate a frame. A segmenter segments the frame into a plurality of segments. A transmitter is configured to transmit the plurality of segments as traffic channel data in accordance with the legacy system frame format.

Abstract: Validating a data structure includes (a) maintaining a tracking structure in a memory, the tracking structure including a corresponding status field for each table entry, the status fields having an unmarked state and a marked state; (b) processing the table entries sequentially and tracking the used and free table entries using the tracking structure, such tracking including marking the status fields corresponding to used table entries and marking the status fields corresponding to the next free table entries referenced in the pointer fields of free table entries; and (c) determining validity of the data structure based on the tracking structure.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, a backup data stream is modified to be provided to a fixed position delta reduction backup method. When a data stream is received, the data stream may be parsed into a plurality of logical components, where each of the logical components includes one or more data blocks. Missing data blocks may also be detected in the data stream, and therefore may be detected in each of the plurality of logical components. For instance, each of the logical components may be separated into a separate data stream for which missing data blocks may be detected. A temporary data block is then inserted where each missing data block is detected (e.g., in each of the plurality of logical components). In this manner, inefficiencies introduced into a fixed position delta reduction backup process as a result of new or deleted data in a system implementing a plurality of data blocks which may be stored in the form of logical components are eliminated.

Abstract: Rendering and correcting data. Data is received. The data is stored at a memory. The data is rendered for presentation at an output device. Defects in the data stored at the memory are determined. The defects in the data stored at the memory are corrected, wherein at least a portion of the correction of the defects is performed after transmitting the data.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a semiconductor memory device includes semiconductor memory chips in which data requested to be written. The data has one or more pieces of first data in a predetermined unit. The device includes a write controller that writes the first data and redundancy information calculated by using a predetermined number of pieces of the first data and used for correcting an error in the predetermined number of pieces of the first data into different semiconductor memory chips; and a storage unit that stores identification information and region specifying information so as to be associated with each other. The identification information associates the first data and the redundancy information, and the region specifying information specifies a plurality of storage regions in the semiconductor memory chips to which the pieces of the first data and the redundancy information associated with each other are written.

Abstract: A communications system (100) includes a packet switching network (130) configured to transfer a stream of information packets from a source (110) to a destination (120). The communications system (100) also includes at least one loss concealment processor (140) configured to perform packet loss concealment on the stream of information packets as the stream passes through an intermediate point within the packet switching network (130).

Abstract: With nonvolatile memory device employing a nonvolatile memory suc h as multiple-valued NAND flash memory or the like in which each memory cell holds data in a plurality of pages, there is such a problem that, if an error occurred under writing data, data stored in other page in the same group of the current page is changed, and hence the object of the present invention is to solve this problem. In writing data into a nonvolatile memory 110, when error occurred under writing data into a certain page, an error page identification part 128 identifies an error type and a physical address of the page where error occurred. An error corrector 129 then corrects errors occurred in other pages belonging to the same group of error occurrence page.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for obtaining an attenuation factor. The method is adapted to process the synthesized signal in packet loss concealment, and includes: obtaining a change trend of a pitch of a signal; obtaining an attenuation factor, according to the change trend of the pitch of the signal. The present invention also discloses an apparatus for obtaining an attenuation factor. A self-adaptive attenuation factor is adjusted dynamically by using the latest change trend of a history signal by using the present invention. The smooth transition from the history data to the data last received is realized so that the attenuation speed is kept consistent between the compensated signal and the original signal as much as possible for adapting to the characteristic of various human voices.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for identifying sequence mismatch defects associated with members of a virtual concatenation (VCAT) group are disclosed. According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for detecting sequence mismatch defects associated with a VCAT group that substantially terminates at a VCAT sink includes obtaining a first set of sequence numbers associated with the VCAT group at a first time, and determining whether a first sequence number of the first set is invalid. The method also includes identifying the first sequence number as having a sequence mismatch defect if the first sequence number is determined to be invalid.