Abstract: A particular device includes a transmitter. The transmitter is adapted to estimate a packet erasure rate for packets of a data window to be transmitted to a receiver. The transmitter is adapted to determine a number of proactive forward error control (FEC) packets for the data window based on the estimated packet erasure rate. The transmitter is adapted to determine a packet size for the packets in the data window based on a window size of the data window and the determined number of proactive FEC packets. The transmitter is also adapted to transmit the data window to the receiver. The packets in the transmitted data window have a size corresponding to the determined packet size and include the determined number of proactive FEC packets.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the invention provide methods and systems for automated quality management and/or monitoring of organization operations, including for example data processing operations. In one aspect of the invention, a quality management system uses an error rate measurement module to automatically monitor the quality of an organizational operation. Information is processed by the organizational operation. The error rate measurement module samples the processed information. It also automatically determines, without human intervention, an error rate based on the sampled information. The error rate accounts for both a frequency of errors and an operational impact of errors.

Abstract: A communication system includes a receiver configured to receive a packet that contains plural codewords, and a codeword failure detector cooperatively operable with the receiver. The codeword failure detector can be configured to detect a codeword failure in at least one codeword of the plural codewords as it is being received by the receiver, and to terminate reception at the receiver, when the codeword failure is detected before the end of the packet, to put the receiver into a power save mode for a duration of a remainder of the packet that contains the at least one codeword.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for managing bit errors present in a series of encoded bits representative of a portion of an audio signal, wherein the series of encoded bits is received over a communication link in an audio communications system. At least one characteristic of a portion of a received modulated carrier signal that is demodulated to produce the series of encoded bits is determined. A number of bit errors present in the series of encoded bits is then determined based on the at least one characteristic. Based on the estimated number of bit errors, one of a plurality of methods for producing a series of digital audio samples representative of the portion of the audio signal is selectively performed. The series of digital audio samples produced by the selected method is then converted into a form suitable for playback to a user.

Abstract: A method and a system are disclosed for determining an individual failure rate for at least one individual technical operating equipment. For the calculation, a data processing unit receives not only the statistical data and characteristics specific for the type of the technical operating equipment, but also valid characteristic data for the individual technical operating equipment are used. Furthermore, additional characteristic values are used that are derived from information about influences by the site of use and the mode of operation of the individual technical operating equipment in an industrial plant. On the basis of the operating equipment type-specific data, an individualized average failure rate can be formed. Characteristic values associated with the individual operating equipment are used for forming a correcting factor. By linking the average failure rate to the correction factor, the individual failure rate is calculated.

Abstract: A first relay (30) and a plurality of second relays (40) are interposed between a data collection device (10) and a plurality of monitoring terminals (20). The first relay (30) is connected to the data collection device (10). The plurality of the second relays (40) is connected to the first relay (30). Each of the second relays (40) is connected to a plurality of the monitoring terminals (20). The data collection device (10) and the first relay (30) are communicated with each other according to a main protocol as in the past. The second relay (40) and the monitoring terminal (20) are communicated with each other according to the main protocol. By contrast, the first relay (30) and the second relay (40) are communicated with each other according to an auxiliary protocol different from the main protocol.

Abstract: Information transmitting arrangements for transmitting information through a plurality of base stations from a master station to a plurality of slave stations which communicate with the base stations.

Abstract: A solid state disk drive is provided. The solid state disk drive includes a multiple level cell (MLC) memory device and a controller. The MLC memory device includes memory blocks each comprising memory cells capable of storing more than a single bit of data per cell. The controller transforms at least one memory block into a single level cell (SLC)-like memory block, and accesses the memory block in an SLC manner.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed that are responsive to a rate of change of a performance parameter of a memory. In a particular embodiment, a rate of change of a performance parameter of a non-volatile memory is determined. The rate of change is compared to a threshold, and an action is performed in response to determining that the rate of change satisfies the threshold.

Abstract: A method and communication system for selecting a mode for encoding data for transmission in a wireless communication channel between a transmit unit and a receive unit. The data is initially transmitted in an initial mode and the selection of the subsequent mode is based on a selection of first-order and second-order statistical parameters of short-term and long-term quality parameters. Suitable short-term quality parameters include signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), power level and suitable long-term quality parameters include error rates such as bit error rate (BER) and packet error rate (PER). The method of the invention can be employed in Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), Multiple Input Single Output (MISO), Single Input Single Output (SISO) and Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) communication systems to make subsequent mode selection faster and more efficient.

Abstract: As a semiconductor storage device that can efficiently perform a refresh operation, provided is a semiconductor storage device comprising a non-volatile semiconductor memory storing data in blocks, the block being a unit of data erasing, and a controlling unit monitoring an error count of data stored in a monitored block selected from the blocks and refreshing data in the monitored block in which the error count is equal to or larger than a threshold value.

Abstract: In WirelessHART networks, mechanisms are already known that ensure a practical composition of a radio network with regard to its structure, whereby for this purpose, so-called health reports are also utilized, which are transmitted by the individual nodes to a central master. It is the task of the invention to improve the efficiency of such networks. Since no conclusions concerning the connection quality in the network can be drawn on the basis of data collected up to now that relate to the status of the node as such, additional parameters of the network that characterize the connection quality are collected within the scope of the invention. These are evaluated by the central master, which derives measures for optimizing the efficiency of the network from them and automatically implements them.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a statistical model is generated based on observed data, the observed data being associated with a network device, online parameter fitting is performed on parameters of the statistical model, and for each newly observed data value, a forecast value is generated based on the statistical model, the forecast value being a prediction of a next observed data value, a forecasting error is generated based on the forecast value and the newly observed data value, and whether the data of the network stream is abnormal is determined based on a log likelihood ratio test of the forecasting errors and a threshold value.

Abstract: Upon receipt of an availability requirement of a computer system under management, a redundant configuration management system determines placement of processing programs in physical servers equipped in the computer system to satisfy the availability requirement with reference to system configuration information indicative of the configuration of the computer system and restriction information for limiting the number of processing programs which can be run by the physical servers.

Abstract: This invention discloses a method which comprises quantizing an input signal. The number of equal quantized values during a period of time is counted thereby obtaining said number of counts (22). The counts exceeding a count threshold (21) being defined as reliable counts, the counts lower than or equal to the count threshold being defined as unreliable counts. Two unreliable counts are calculated using a lower and a higher value for a first parameter in an extrapolating function. The first parameter is considered equivalent to the lower value if the two unreliable counts differ less than or equal to a count difference (?). The invention further discloses a corresponding tail extrapolator.

Abstract: Control symbols taking the form {k1-k2-k2-k1} are inserted in a serial stream including m bit data words. k1 and k2 are each predefined m bit control words differing from the m bit data words. The Hamming distance between k1 and k2 is at least 2. Such control symbols may be robustly detected in the presence of a one bit error in the symbol, or a data word immediately preceding or following the symbol. The m bit words may be 8B/10B encoded data, or defined control words. The control symbols may be used for data delineation, stream synchronizaiton, transmitter/receiver synchronization or for other control signalling.

Abstract: A first module calculates a failure occurrence risk index of each data storage area address. A second module calculates a power saving index of each data storage area address. A third module calculates an access speed index per unit data volume necessary to access each data storage area address. A fourth module generates a distribution table that represents the failure occurrence risk index, the power saving index, and the access speed index for each candidate address, with respect to data to be distributed. A fifth module selects a candidate address in the distribution table such that the power saving index and the access speed index meet restricting conditions and the failure occurrence risk index is minimized, and distributes the data to the candidate address.

Abstract: A fast bit-error rate (F-BER) calculation mode for a QKD system is disclosed, wherein the method includes establishing versions of a sifted key in respective sifted-bits (SB) buffers in respective QKD stations (Alice and Bob). The method also includes sending Alice's version of the sifted key to Bob, and Bob performing a comparison of the two sifted key versions. The number of bit errors between the two sifted key versions relative to the length of the sifted key yields the F-BER. The F-BER is calculated much more quickly than the conventional BER calculation (“N-BER”), which involves performing a relatively complex error-correction algorithm. The F-BER calculation mode is particularly useful in quickly setting up and/or calibrating a QKD system, and can be repeated quickly to provide updated BER measurements after each QKD system adjustment.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to optical fiber transmission systems, and in particular, pertains to the transceiver cards in an optical fiber transport system. In particular the disclosure teaches an improved transceiver card architecture that allows high density, flexibility and interchangeability of functionality.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for calibrating a time vernier with an input data signal, a reference signal and a third trigger signal, all of which have pre-defined related frequencies so as to allow for accurate determination of vernier delays and strobe placement in an ATE system.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus performs data communication with a base station using a plurality of transport channels (TRCHs) that share a frequency band, and selects a reference TRCH using coding schemes of data to be transmitted using the TRCHs. After that, the wireless communication apparatus performs outer loop control so that a block error rate (BLER) of the data to be transmitted using the reference TRCH is set to a target BLER.

Abstract: A system for storing a plurality of logical pages in a set of at least one flash device, each flash device including a set of at least one erase block, the system comprising apparatus for distributing at least one of the plurality of logical pages over substantially all of the erase blocks in substantially all of the flash devices, thereby to define, for at least one logical page, a sequence of pagelets thereof together including all information on the logical page and each being stored within a different erase block in the set of erase blocks; and apparatus for reading each individual page from among the plurality of logical pages including apparatus for calling and ordering the sequence of pagelets from different erase blocks in the set of erase blocks.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a read/write control unit controls read/write access to at least two disk drives that provide a disk array. Error counters are provided for the respective disk drives for counting respective numbers of errors if the errors occur when the disk drives are accessed. A failure estimation unit detects, as a disk drive which is very likely to fail, a disk drive included in the disk array and having a high error occurrence degree, based on the numbers of errors counted by the error counters. A mode-setting unit sets the detected disk drive in a particular mode in which the detected disk drive is maintained as a member of the disk array and is made more inaccessible than the remaining disk drive of the disk array.

Abstract: A digital system is provided that converts compressed data using an indexed transcoding lookup table. A stream of compressed data samples has data samples that represent one of n values corresponding to the first compression format. The transcoding table has at least n indexed entries, and each of the n indexed entries contains a data value corresponding to a second compression format. The transcoding table is accessed by using each of a portion of the received data samples as an index into the table to form a set of transcoded data samples that have a second compression format. The set of transcoded data samples form a stream of compressed data samples that have the second compression format. The transcoding table may be augmented to perform transcoding error correction by concatenating an error value with the data sample to index the table.

Abstract: A system and method for correcting errors in an ECC block using soft-decision data. In an embodiment, a soft-decision ECC decoding method, uses “soft” data indicative of how reliable bits of data are when read out. Such a method may use an update module for receiving and manipulating the soft-decision data and iteratively change bits or groups of bits based upon an ordering of the reliability factors. Then a calculator module may determine the total number of errors still remaining after each iteration. Determining just the total number of errors instead of the actual locations is far less computationally intensive, and therefore, many combination of potential flip-bit combination may be analyzed quickly to determine if any combination might reduce the total number of errors enough to be handled by the conventional hard-decision ECC decoding method.

Abstract: A communication apparatus complying with the ITU-T Recommendations v.34 and control method thereof are disclosed. The communication apparatus predicts a timing at which reception of image data in an amount of the error frames sent from another communication device is terminated, based on the number of error frames which are not normally received when receiving image data from the another communication device through a primary channel. The communication apparatus controls to shift from the primary channel to a control channel in accordance with the predicted timing when the image data is received in an amount of the error frames on the primary channel from the another communication device.

Abstract: An embodiment of a system for physical link adaptation in a wireless communication network such as e.g., a WLAN, selectively varies the physical mode of operation of the transmission channels serving the mobile stations in the network. The system includes an estimation module to evaluate transmission losses due to collisions as well as transmission losses due to channel errors over the transmission channel, and an adaptation module to select the physical mode of operation of the transmission channel as a function of the transmission losses due to collisions and to channel errors as evaluated by the estimation module.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting radio link (RL) failures between a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) and a Node-B are disclosed. When signaling radio bearers (SRBs) are supported by high speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), an RL failure is recognized based on detection of improper operation of at least one of an absolute grant channel (AGCH), a relative grant channel (RGCH), a hybrid-automatic repeat request (H-ARQ) information channel (HICH), an enhanced uplink dedicated physical control channel (E-DPCCH) and an enhanced uplink dedicated physical data channel (E-DPDCH). When SRBs are supported by high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), an RL failure is recognized based on detection of improper operation of at least one of a high speed shared control channel (HS-SCCH), a high speed physical downlink shared channel (HS-PDSCH) and a high speed dedicated physical control channel (HS-DPCCH).

Abstract: A memory system includes a nonvolatile memory, a volatile buffer memory connected to the nonvolatile memory, an error counting unit that detects, for each of divided areas formed by dividing a storage area of the volatile buffer memory into a plurality of areas, a parity error in inputting data to and outputting data from the divided areas and counts a number of times of accumulation of the parity error, and a control unit that sets the divided area, in which the number of times of accumulation of the parity error counted by the error counting unit exceeds a predetermined number of times, in a disabled state.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for transmitting data in a wireless communication system. The apparatus for transmitting a packet data in a wireless communication system includes a Media Access Control (MAC) layer for determining the number of the number of preambles to be inserted based on a feed-back reply signal from a receiver, and generating a multi-preamble aggregation packet by inserting the determined number of preambles into packets received from an upper layer and a physical layer for forming the multi-preamble aggregation packet generated in a data processing unit, by using a physical layer packet, and transmitting the formed multi-preamble aggregation packet.

Abstract: Method and apparatus to provide media content are presented. In a particular embodiment, a method of providing content includes receiving a request of particular content at a computing device, where the request is addressed to a unicast source, and determining whether the particular content is available, at least in part, via at least one multicast group accessible by the computing device. The method also includes, when the particular content is available, at least in part, via the at least one multicast group, sending a group join request from the computing device to a network element of a multicast network to join the at least one multicast group.

Abstract: A memory system includes a nonvolatile memory including blocks as data erase units, a measuring unit which measures an erase time at which data in each block is erased, a block controller having a block table which associates a state value indicating one of a free state and a used state with the erase time for each block, a detector which detects blocks in which rewrite has collectively occurred within a short period, a first selector which selects a free block having an old erase time as a first block, a second selector which selects a block in use having an old erase time as a second block, and a leveling unit which moves data in the second block to the first block if the first block is included in the blocks detected by the detector.

Abstract: The disclosure proposes bit-error-rate (BER) and symbol-error-rate (SER) estimation techniques and its application to incremental-redundancy and rate-adaptation for modern-coded hybrid-ARQ systems. In particular, BER/SER estimators are proposed based on iterative refinement of mixture-density modeling of the bit/symbol decision metrics. For hybrid-ARQ systems, rate-adaptation functions are proposed based on BER/SER estimators for failed transmissions. Methods are disclosed for code-rate selection based on successfully decoded blocks as well as incremental parity size selection for retransmission of failed blocks Techniques disclosed here apply to forward-error-correction codes employed for digital data communication systems.

Abstract: A method for predicting performance of a radio link in a wireless communication terminal including hypothesizing a second codeword including information associated with a hypothesized first codeword, obtaining channel state information from a received signal, and estimating a decoder error rate of the first codeword under a condition that the second codeword may not be decoded correctly, wherein the decoder error rate is estimated using the channel state information.

Abstract: The errors that may occur in transmitted numerical data on a channel affected by burst errors, are corrected via the operations of: ordering the numerical data in blocks each comprising a definite number of data packets; generating for each block a respective set of error-correction packets comprising a respective number of correction packets, the respective number identifying a level of redundancy for correcting the errors; and modifying dynamically the level of redundancy according to the characteristics of the bursts and of the correct-reception intervals between two bursts. Preferential application is on local networks, such as W-LANs for use in the domestic environments.

Abstract: Novel, computationally efficient schemes for deterministic wavelet thresholding with the objective of optimizing maximum-error metrics are provided. An optimal low polynomial-time algorithm for one-dimensional wavelet thresholding based on a new dynamic-programming (DP) formulation is provided that can be employed to minimize the maximum relative or absolute error in the data reconstruction. Directly extending a one-dimensional DP algorithm to multi-dimensional wavelets results in a super-exponential increase in time complexity with the data dimensionality. Thus, novel, polynomial-time approximation schemes (with tunable approximation guarantees for the target maximum-error metric) for deterministic wavelet thresholding in multiple dimensions are also provided.

Abstract: An integrated circuit capable of on-chip jitter tolerance measurement includes a jitter generator circuit to produce a controlled amount of jitter that is injected into at least one clock signal, and a receive circuit to sample an input signal according to the at least one clock signal. The sampled data values output from the receiver are used to evaluate the integrated circuit's jitter tolerance.

Abstract: An approach is provided for bit error rate characterization. A test signal representing one or more Ethernet frames exhibiting a particular bit error rate is generated. The test signal is output to a device under test. Traffic is received from the device under test. A determination is made as to whether a link failure condition exists at a port on an Ethernet switch.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for testing the physical layer of high speed serial communication devices and systems with a protocol aware test and measurement system is disclosed. This system includes two major units, a General Purpose Platform (GPP) that includes a protocol awareness and is capable of traffic generation and reception at a protocol level, and an Analog Front End (AFE) that includes physical layer testing capabilities. Physical layer testing is divided into two sets of testing procedures: Receiver testing and Transmitter testing. This test system can be used in a traditional BERT setting where the test system commands the Device Under Test (DUT) to be placed into either a loop back mode and the tester is expecting the same bit flow it transmitted, coming back from the DUT, or into a more advanced mode where the test system is in communication with the DUT like a protocol exerciser and counts the frame error ratio while stressing the DUT.

Abstract: A system and method for encoding information arriving from a host in order to store the coded information in flash memory, the method comprising encoding information arriving from a host for storage at a flash memory location including generating a number of redundancy bytes, the encoding proceeding at an encoding rate which is a function of the number of redundancy bytes generated, the encoding including determining an effective error rate, including an anticipated rate of expected reading errors, for the flash memory location; and selecting the encoding rate as a function of the effective error rate such that the number of redundancy bytes is sufficient to overcome the anticipated rate of expected reading errors with a predetermined degree of certainty.

Abstract: A failure threshold host command that provides a host with the capability to tune a storage controller path failure threshold based on the host application performance requirements. The failure threshold host command comprises path failure threshold rules that the storage controller uses to determine when a CHPid has reached a failed state condition.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems, methods, and computer readable-media for detecting and identifying network faults. The method includes recording cyclic redundancy check (CRC) errors gathered by a data stream analyzer, if the number of CRC errors exceeds a threshold, sending a notification to an automated fault manager which (1) analyzes the number of CRC errors, (2) determines a cause of the CRC errors, and (3) takes appropriate corrective action based on the analysis. The method can further include storing CRC error measurements in a log organized by date and time, analyzing stored CRC error measurements to anticipate future CRC errors, and taking preventive action in advance of anticipated future CRC errors. The automated fault manager can be a rule-based fault/performance management system. The notification can be a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) trap. The data stream analyzer can be an MPEG transport stream analyzer.

Abstract: A memory system includes a nonvolatile memory including blocks as data erase units, a measuring unit which measures an erase time at which data in each block is erased, a block controller having a block table which associates a state value indicating one of a free state and a used state with the erase time for each block, a detector which detects blocks in which rewrite has collectively occurred within a short period, a first selector which selects a free block having an old erase time as a first block, a second selector which selects a block in use having an old erase time as a second block, and a leveling unit which moves data in the second block to the first block if the first block is included in the blocks detected by the detector.

Abstract: An event data transmission scheme is provided for reducing positron emission tomography event losses. The event data transmission scheme employs a more effective use of available data bandwidth. Each of a plurality of detector data slots is connected directly to a data aggregation control interface, and the control interface is connected to a coincidence processor.

Abstract: A PHY abstraction mapping between the link level and system level performance is presented based on mapping between the mean RBIR (Received Bit Information Rate) of the transmitted symbols and their received LLR values after symbol-level ML detection in SISO/MIMO wireless systems, such as WiMAX. In MIMO antenna configuration, the mapping is presented for both vertical and horizontal encoding. An embodiment of this invention provides the PER/BLER prediction in the actual system, enabling the system to use more aggressive methods to improve the system performance.

Abstract: A method of utilizing at least one block of data, wherein the at least one block of data includes a plurality of cells for storing data and at least one error flag bit, the method including: scanning the block of data for errors; determining the error rate of the block of data; and applying an error correction code to data being read from or written to a cell within the at least one block of data, wherein the error correction code is applied based on the error rate, wherein a weak error correction code is applied when the error rate is below an error threshold, and a strong error correction code is applied when the error rate is at or above the error threshold.

Abstract: A network device and a method simultaneously calculates network throughput and packet error rate of a device under test (DUT). The network device, communicating with a server via the DUT, transforms TCP data packets to IP data packets, transmits the IP data packets to the server via the DUT, records size of total number of the TCP data packets, time cost for transmitting the TCP data packets to the server, and a first number of the IP data packets transmitted by the network device, and obtains a second number of the IP data packets that are received by the server. The network device further calculates the network throughput of the DUT according to the size and the time, and calculates the packet error rate of the DUT according to the first number and the second number of the IP data packets.

Abstract: A memory device is provided. The memory device includes a plurality of memory chips coupled in series, and a register serially coupled to the memory chips. The register includes an integrated delay-locked loop. The memory device may be included in a processing system. Moreover, a method for improving timing budgets in a registered dual in-line memory module (RDIMM) may be implemented using the memory device having a register with an integrated delay-locked loop.

Abstract: A method and system for packet transmission in a hybrid automatic repeat request (ARQ) system. A modulation and a block length for a transmission are determined based on the average mutual information per bit. The average mutual information per bit is computed based on a current channel signal-to-noise ratio and a plurality of previous transmissions, each being transmitted with a respective coded block length, modulation form, and signal-to-noise ratio. A block error rate is computed for the potential block lengths and modulations based on the average mutual information per bit, and a throughput of the current transmission is determined based on the block error rate. The modulation form and the block length of the transmission are determined based on an analysis of the throughput. If the receiver cannot decode the current transmission, the transmitter repeats the computation to determine the modulation and the block length for retransmission.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for media defect detection. For example, a data transfer system is disclosed that includes a data detector, a defect detector and a gating circuit. The data detector provides a soft output, and the defect detector is operable to receive the soft output and the data signal, and to assert a defect indication based at least in part on the soft output and the data signal. The gating circuit is operable to modify the soft output of the detector whenever the defect indication is asserted.