Abstract: The problem of working an amorphous alloy is overcome by heating the alloy at a rate of temperature increase above about 1000.degree. C. per minute. The amorphous alloy is worked by homogeneous deformation after its temperature has been very rapidly increased to above the softening temperature of the alloy. Desirable magnetic properties of the alloy are preserved by working the alloy in this fashion and also tool life is extended.

Abstract: A method and plant for casting and rolling strip and/or sheet in line. The method comprises continuously casting slabs less than about 1.5 inches thick which naturally have a columnar grain structure. The method further comprises passing the slabs directly onto an insulated run-out table for maintaining temperature and minimizing heat loss from the slabs and permitting equalization of temperature within the slabs. The method also comprises passing the slabs directly to a hot reversing mill having upstream and downstream coiling furnaces such that the slabs first pass the reversing mill and are subject to an initial reduction in thickness sufficient to break up the columnar structure prior to being coiled as strips in the downstream coiling furnace and passing the strips back and forth to produce sheet or strip having an equiaxed grain structure.

Abstract: A temperature control system (50) for use in a furnace (10) for heating metal logs (13) as the logs (13) move through a furnace heating chamber (12) includes thermocouples (52a-52e) adapted to sense log temperatures by direct contact during intermittent time intervals when the logs (13) are stationary. Radiation sensors (64a-64 e) continuously sense radiant energy emitted from the logs (13) and a temperature compensation circuit (62) compares signals representative of log temperatures as measured by thermocouples (52a-52e) and the radition sensors (64a-64e). The difference between the signals is utilized during time intervals when the logs (13) are moving as a compensation factor for the continuous signals representative of log temperatures based on sensed radiation. The compensated signals and signals representative of desired set point temperatures are applied to log temperature controllers (80a-80e) to regulate the thermal energy applied to the logs (13).

Abstract: A device for selectively controlling the diameter of sections of a calender roll. The device comprises a plurality of nozzles which direct jets of superheated steam against sections of the calender roll. Thermal expansion, resulting from localized heating by the steam jets, corrects local non-uniformities in the gap between adjacent cooperating calender rolls. Moisture which condenses from the steam onto the calender roll surface is removed by a flow of air past the roll surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for reducing internal stresses of roller straightened rails. After the straightening operation the rail web portion is heated for a short time to temperatures ranging between 200.degree.-700.degree. C., preferably between 350.degree.-500.degree. C., and after reaching the desired temperatures the rail is cooled by air to room temperature. For the purpose of heating the rail is continuously conveyed in front of the heating apparatus.The inventive process permits to reduce internal stresses in the rail head and base portions to a value of less than 50 N/mm.sup.2 thus ensuring increased rupture strength of the rail.

Abstract: A rolling mill shape control apparatus for a flat material comprises a thermal crown calculator which calculates a thermal crown magnitude in a widthwise direction of rolls as based on rolling history information after a change in vertical spacing of the rolls, a roll wear calculator which calculates a wear magnitude of the rolls as based on rolling history information after the rearrangement of the rolls, an optimum rolling temperature distribution calculator which calculates an optimum rolling temperature distribution in a widthwise direction of the flat material on the basis of the calculated results of both the thermal crown calculator and the roll wear calculator and a reference bending force corresponding to maximum bending correction, a thermometer which detects a widthwise temperature distribution of the flat material, a heating/cooling device which can separately heat/cool a plurality of parts of the flat material divided in the widthwise direction thereof, and a heating/cooling controller which comp

Abstract: In an installation including a heating furnace in the rolling mill and a continuous casting apparatus, there is provided a transportable temperature holding chamber for the castings which are cut to length, in which chamber the castings are transported in groups from the continuous casting apparatus to the heating furnace, and are stored temporarily in the buffer mode. That makes it possible to save energy and to improve the quality of the steels.

Abstract: The problem of working an amorphous alloy is overcome by heating the alloy at a rate of temperature increase above a certain rate. The amorphous alloy is worked as its temperature is still being increased. Desirable magnetic properties of the alloy are preserved by working the alloy in this fashion and also tool life is extended.

Abstract: A process of rolling steel in a reversing mill by passing the steel back and forth through the mill for a selected number of passes to achieve the desired thickness and on at least two early passes, each in a different direction, tapering the ends of the steel during taper passes by adjusting the roll gap, the roll gap adjustment (.DELTA.H) being a function (F(.DELTA.F.sub.m)) of the change in roll force (.DELTA.F.sub.m) above a lock-on force (F.sub.1) which lock-on force is established on the instant taper pass.

Abstract: A rolling mill, particularly one capable of forming a hot, continuously cast metallic strand into a strip with a large bite and with one pass per mill stand, uses only two small diameter rolls per stand, each mounted for rotation in a pair of chock blocks and each having a comparatively narrow, enlarged diameter working portion. The outer surface of the working portion is profiled to maintain the product centered on the rolls and to accommodate for thermal expansion. The roll also includes an internal, longitudinally extending passage that receives a flow of coolant to control its temperature.

Abstract: A changing apparatus for a standard six-high rolling stand comprises a changing carriage having a pair of similar full-set holders each provided with two vertically spaced working-roll supports and two vertically spaced backup-roll supports flanking the respective working-roll supports. These supports are vertically spaced like the respective rolls in the stand. Thus a full set of two working and two backup rolls can be held in either of the holders. The changing carriage can be displaced between upstream and downstream positions to axially align with the rolls in the stand.

Abstract: A composite thermal insulation panel for a metal processing installation has a thin-walled casing providing a cover plate or membrane that will be heated quickly to near the temperature of an adjacent hot metal slab or strip being processed. To allow substantial freedom for movement relative to adjoining regions of the casing due to thermal expansion caused by the large temperature changes, retaining elements of the casing that locate the membrane transversely to its extent but permit relative movement in its own plane, and/or the membrane may have surfaces that slope to a central region to accommodate relative thermal expansion by flexure. Panels below the material path may have membrane surfaces that slope downwards to an escape aperture for scale dropping from the hot metal. Panels above the material path may have apertures aligning with the lower panel apertures for temperature sensors that detect the passage of hot material between the panels.

Abstract: A roller is shown having an apparatus for cooling or heating the roller surface. The apparatus has essentially one or more chambers which are open relative to the roller surface. The chambers have a substantially square internal cross section. A fluid is fed in through the inlet ducts. During operation of the roller turbulence is formed in the chambers. The turbulence results in a longer retention time for the fluid in the chambers thus producing a greater cooling or heating effect for the amount of fluid fed in.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process and apparatus for hot working metals whereby a finer and more uniform grain structure is produced in the wrought product. In conventional hot working operations, the workpiece is initially heated to an elevated temperature within the hot working temperature range of the particular metal or alloy, and the heated workpiece is then hot worked by deformation until the workpiece becomes chilled, thereby necessitating reheating prior to further hot working. In accordance with the present invention, the reheating of the workpiece is accomplished by subjecting the chilled workpiece to electric induction heating at a frequency preselected to concentrate the induced heat in the chilled outer portions of the workpiece to thereby rapidly return the workpiece to the optimum hot working temperature throughout so that continued hot working can be reinitiated before appreciable grain growth can occur.

Abstract: A temperature controlling method for heating, with a heating furnace having at least one heating zone provided with a controllable heating means, materials charged into the heating furnace such that an aimed temperature of the material is reached by the time when the materials leave the heating furnace. The characteristic feature of the invention resides in that the instructions for changing the operating condition of the heating furnace in response to a change in the rolling condition of the rolling line connected to the heating furnace is treated as a change in the period of stay of the material in the heating furnace. In the controlling system in accordance with the invention, determination of the material temperature rise pattern in response to the change in the staying period of the material in the furnace is made to minimize the supply of fuel to the heating means, and the set temperature of each heating zone is calculated from the thus determined temperature rise pattern.

Abstract: A hot rolling mill and a method of operation to reduce scrap upon failure of a portion of the mill. A first furnace device is provided in the mill adapted to receive and reel up a strip which is ready to go to the finishing section of the mill. A second furnace device is provided to receive a strip of material being rolled in the roughing section of the mill without reeling up. Both furnace devices maintain the material therein at working temperature and in continuous motion.

Abstract: A T-root, centrifugal turbine rotor blade which is manufactured from sheet stock. The T-root is produced by shaping the rim of the sheet stock under pressure. The sheet stock is given a rim contour which is geometrically similar to the final contour of the blade root, but is larger by a seam which is shaped under pressure for forming a T-shape having the rim contour of the blade root. After the sheet rim is shaped, a plurality of blades are cut or stamped from the sheet stock. The latter may be in annular form, and may possess various curvatures over its circumference. The sheet stock may be curved three-dimensionally before the T-rim produced.

Abstract: Electric resistance heating means is embedded in a forging tool so that the temperature thereof may be maintained at a desired forging temperature. Therefore the present invention makes it possible to forge light metal alloy workpieces such as aluminum workpieces which have been hitherto considered to be difficult to be forged by rotary forging machines. In addition, better quality of forgings as well as considerable improvement of productivity may be ensured. Thus, reduction of labor and material in a forging process can be attained.

Abstract: A method of controlling the shape of rolled objects in the rolling of plate, sheet, strip and the like through the adjustment of the quantity of a crown made on the rolling roll by heating the inside of the center hole made along the center axis of the rolling roll.

Abstract: A method of and device for controlling the planeness of band-shaped material, according to which the band to be rolled is, in a continuous manner, passed into the roller gap of and between two rollers while the temperature of the band being rolled is measured over the width thereof directly behind the roller gap. The thus ascertained or measured values are used for creating pulses to control the bending of the rollers and/or the cooling of the rollers.

Abstract: A method of producing long length articles from hot-rolled carbon steel is disclosed. A distinctive feature of the method, is that the operations of cold and warm plastic deformation of a wire rod alternate in succession at least twice.