Abstract: Organic acid esters and oils of lubricating viscosity which have been oxidized and phosphosulfurized in the presence of lime or zinc oxide provide excellent antiwear/EP characteristics to metal forming lubricants containing same.

Abstract: Metallic dithiophosphates obtained by the sulfurization of a composition containing:(A) from about 100 to 20 percent by weight of a metallic dithiophosphate of the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is an alkenyl or unsaturated cycloaliphatic radical, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are alkyl radicals, m is equal to the valence of the metal M, and M represents a metal of Groups IIB, IIIB, IVB, or VIII of the Periodic System of the Elements, preferably zinc;(B) from about zero to 80 percent of an R.sub.4 -COOR.sub.5 alkyl ester in which R.sub.4 is an alkenyl radical and R.sub.5 an alkyl radical, by means of 0.5 to 10 percent by weight of sulfur, referred to the composition to be sulfurized.Use as extreme-pressure and anti-wear additives for lubricating oils, in an amount of between about 0.3 and 15 percent of the weight of lubricating oil.

Abstract: Tinplate container stock coated with a substantially uniform film of lubricant, the lubricant film consisting essentially of a citric acid ester lubricant in an amount of at least 1.8 grams per basebox, and a method for its use in drawing and ironing operations.

Abstract: A lubricant composition comprising water, graphite, an organic thickener, sodium molybdate, and sodium pentaborate. Other additives are sodium bicarbonate, ethylene glycol, or mica. The composition is effective in the hot forging of metals, is virtually non-flammable, and generates very little atmospheric pollution during use.

Abstract: A stock material for producing seamless containers from a black plate base includes applying a layer of insoluble crystalline phosphate to each surface of the black plate and subsequently producing a thin film of organic lubricating material on the exposed surfaces of the phosphate layers so that a drawn and ironed container can be produced from a flat blank without the use of any additional lubricants during fabrication. The weight of the phosphate layer for each surface of the black plate base is preferably less than 100 milligrams per square foot, while the weight of lubricating film is on the order of 70 to 360 milligrams per square foot. In the preferred embodiment, the phosphate layer is preferably in the range of 20 to 35 milligrams per square foot, and the lubricant layer is on the order of 70 to 180 milligrams per square foot.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for applying an ordinarily high viscosity lubricant as an atomized spray onto metal working surfaces without the use of high velocity air. The method comprises the steps of heating the lubricant to a temperature of approximately 170.degree. to 300.degree. F., hydraulically atomizing the lubricant by feeding the lubricant through a nozzle under a pressure of approximately 30 to 70 pounds per square inch whereby the relative velocity of the lubricant with respect to ambient atmosphere is increased upon exiting an orifice in the nozzle, and directing the lubricant onto the metal working surfaces.

Abstract: There is provided an improved process for isothermal shaping of a titanium-containing workpiece in a hot die. A precoat lubricant composition including a glassy component and a solid lubricant such as graphite dispersed in an organic medium is applied to the workpiece, and the workpiece heated to a temperature sufficient to remove the organic medium to leave a residue of glassy material and graphite on the workpiece. The workpiece is then inserted in a heated split die, and the die loaded to alter the shape of the workpiece. The ratio of the solid lubricant to the glassy component is at least one to one. The particle size of the glassy component is important to the surface character of the finally shaped workpiece.

Abstract: An improvement to the method of making a structure by superplastic forming, wherein portions of a preform are expanded, in the superplastic condition, against a forming member, is disclosed. The improvement comprises the step, prior to expanding the preform, of providing a lower coefficient of friction between the portions of the preform to be expanded and the forming member than which exists between the portions of the preform where expansion is intended to be minimal and the forming member. The two values of coefficient of friction are obtained by applying first and second release coatings to the portions of the preform to be expanded and those where expansion is to be minimal respectively, with the first release coating having a coefficient of friction less than the second release coating. Alternately, the first and second release coatings can be applied to the forming member. The preferred first and second release coatings are boron nitride and yttria respectively.

Abstract: A synthetic metal working lubricant characterized by an absence of mineral oil but which is water immiscible and dispersible in water to form oil-in-water emulsions in which said lubricant is in the discontinuous phase is prepared using polybutenes, also referred to as polyisobutylenes, having an average molecular weight within the range of approximately 320-610 constituting a principal ingredient in combination with polyethylene glycol mono- and/or diesters of higher carboxylic acids or mixtures of such acids containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms in an acyclic or branched carbon chain and/or higher fatty acids containing 8-22 carbon atoms together with optional corrosion inhibiting agents which are effective in inhibiting corrosion of ferrous and non-ferrous metals to which the lubricant is applied for the purpose of working such metals.

Abstract: Substantially oil-free aqueous industrial fluids comprise (A) up to as much as 99.9 percent by weight water, (B) at least one substantially water-insoluble functional additive stably dispersed in the water and (C) at least one substantially water-soluble liquid organic dispersing agent, said dispersing agent being capable of dispersing said functional additive in said fluid and are useful as liquids in a variety of industrial applications, such as hydraulic systems and metal shaping operations. Typically, these compositions also contain at least one water-soluble polymeric thickener and at least one corrosion inhibitor. Methods for preparing these fluids from concentrates are also disclosed.

Abstract: Surface active agents for oil in water emulsions and oil recovery comprising salts of alkaryl sulphonic acids and organic bases containing at least one --(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.n H where n is greater than 1.

Abstract: Metal working emulsion of the type oil-in-water, with good stability and unlimited dilutability, intended for use at deforming metal working, mainly machining by detachment of cuttings, but also suitable for deepdrawing and rolling. The emulsion is based on triglyceride oils and components of these. The emulsifying system consists of fatty acid monoglycerides and alkali soaps of fatty acids. The cooling and lubricating properties are further increased by the addition of fatty acids and an alkanolamine or fatty amine.

Abstract: A complex film is formed on a steel sheet by coating thereto an aqueous solution of ammonium phosphate, ammonium molybdate, nickel aceptate, etc., heating the same and further coating a lubrication oil containing an animal or vegetable oil or fat or a mineral oil with a high molecular compound and a higher fatty acid, whereby a steel sheet showing excellent lubricity in ironing is given. The effect can be improved by adding cobalt, nickel, chrome salts to the aqueous solutions.

Abstract: A process for the lubrication of a tool surface which comprises high pressure blast spraying a powder lubricant having a particle size of 0.6 to 1.5 .mu. at a spray pressure of 4 to 5 bar, onto the tool surface thereby producing a high temperature compacted coherent lubricant film on the surface while simultaneously smoothing, strengthening and compressively stressing the tool surface.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for recovering a phosphate ester type hydraulic fluid from a waste liquid containing water, organic solvents and other impurities, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). After filtering to remove particulate matter, a heavy fraction separated from the waste liquid and consisting primarily of the hydraulic fluid is first subjected to a distillation step. A substantial portion of the PCB is removed as overhead from the distillation step and the bottoms containing the hydraulic fluid is subsequently evaporated, preferably in a thin film evaporator. The overhead from the evaporation step is condensed to recover the hydraulic fluid.

Abstract: A lubricant for metal strip, in particular metal strip made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, and used for packaging purposes, in particular for packaging foodstuffs. The lubricant contains the aluminum or magnesium salt of a saturated C.sub.11 to C.sub.19 monocarboxylic acid as its main constituent. The lubricant also contains a dispersing agent.

Abstract: A lubricating oil containing polytetrafluoroethylene particles and a fluorochemical surfactant which stabilizes the dispersion and creates a molecular surface tension skin on the surface of the oil to reduce volatilization losses during use in an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Compositions made by reacting (I) a metal phenoxide salt of a bridged phenol of 2 to about 20 phenol groups and (II) a carboxylic acid reagent containing from one to about three carboxyl-based groups and a halogen-substituted hydrocarbon-based aliphatic or alicyclic group containing a halogen atom are useful as additives for lubricants and normally liquid fuels. Analogous thiophenoxide-based compositions are similarly useful. These compositions can also be used as intermediates for the preparation of other useful additive compositions through their reaction with alcohols, amino compounds, and reactive small ring heterocycles.

Abstract: A water base metal working lubricant includes water soluble polyalkylene glycols, a water emulsifiable high pressure lubricant component, which may be a chlorinated paraffin or a sulfurized or chlorinated fatty acid ester, and a non-ionic or anionic emulsifier for the high pressure lubricant. The latter is provided by a salt of a fatty acid sulfonate or sulfate, or a phosphate organic acid or ester of a fatty acid. The mixture may also include anticorrosives and a bactericide.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a composition and process for the preparation of water-emulsifiable metal-working lubricant compositions having improved storage stability and superior characteristics, preferably compositions for drawing, rolling and other applications in cold metal working operations.

Abstract: A method of and system for controlling the oil concentration in and the stability of an oil-in-water emulsion used as a coolant-lubricant in a metalworking operation in which a portion of the emulsion is circulated through a sensor to monitor its density and to generate a signal relating the density to the oil concentration. The signal is employed to control addition of oil to the emulsion to thereby control the concentration within close limits. Sensing means also monitors the stability of the circulated emulsion, and emulsifier is added, as required, either to the oil to be added or directly to the emulsion to thereby control both the oil concentration in and the stability of the emulsion.

Abstract: A graphite lubricant system for applying a coating of the lubricant to successive mandrels in a seamless pipe mill just prior to their insertion therein. The system provides for the selective application of the smokeless lubricant to the mandrels before they are inserted within the seamless pipe shell and both are run into the mill itself. In order to prevent the lubricant from clogging, the system includes a self-flushing arrangement which provides a cleaning function thereto when the system has been inactive for a given amount of time.

Abstract: A metalworking lubricant composition which is effective as both a corrosion inhibitor and drawing lubricant and comprises a mineral oil and an additive combination of barium lanolate soap and barium sulfonate.

Abstract: The application of an aqueous soap to a phosphatized metal surface is improved by including in the soap composition a complex former stable to hydrolysis and capable of forming a water-soluble complex with the metal of the phosphate coating.

Abstract: Disclosed are a composition and process useful for drawing stainless steel and nickel alloy wire and rods. The wire or rod is contacted with an aqueous solution consisting essentially of at least one alkali metal borate and at least one alkali metal sulphate, which solution is essentially free of silicate and chloride.

Abstract: A lubricant for metal strip, in particular metal strip made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, and used for packaging purposes, in particular for packaging foodstuffs. The lubricant contains the aluminum or magnesium salt of a saturated C.sub.11 to C.sub.19 monocarboxylic acid as its main constituent. The lubricant also contains a dispersing agent.

Abstract: Sulfurized compositions are prepared by the reaction, under superatmospheric pressure, of olefinic compounds with a mixture of sulfur and hydrogen sulfide in the presence of an acidic, basic or neutral catalyst, followed by removal of low boiling materials including unreacted olefin, mercaptan and monosulfide. An optional final step is removal of active sulfur; for example, by treatment with an alkali metal sulfide. The resulting sulfurized compositions are useful as lubricant additives.

Abstract: Metal working operations, especially drawing, are facilitated by applying to the metal a composition which provides lubricity thereto and which melts within the range of about 30.degree.-100.degree. C. The composition comprises at least one ester of a carboxylic acid, with a carboxylic acid or derivative thereof, a phosphorus acid salt and an antioxidant being preferred optional ingredients. The composition may be applied in liquid form and solidifies on cooling to ambient and normal storage temperatures. Prior to application, the composition is preferably heated to a temperature higher than its melting temperature for ease of flow and uniform dispersion thereof onto the metal. In a preferred method of application, a reservoir is located beneath the composition applicator and composition is pumped therefrom to the applicator, preferably a roller coater, with excess composition being recirculated.

Abstract: An emulsifiable concentrate for use in metal processing, especially in can forming, comprises an ester prepared from a polyalkenylsuccinic acid or anhydride, and a hydroxyl-containing amine. It is critical to the invention with respect to can forming that the acid or anhydride contain, in addition to its basic carbon length, a chain derived from an olefin having from 16 to 28 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A composition useful in isothermal forging or sizing of metal articles comprising a major amount of a glass moiety fusible at a temperature below forging or sizing temperature, and a minor amount of a finely divided abrasive moiety dispersed in the glass moiety and having a predetermined hardness.

Abstract: The invention provides novel mixtures of at least two aminoalkanols of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent a C.sub.1-21 alkyl and the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is 6 to 22; and the R.sub.1 --CH--CH--R.sub.2 units are mixtures containing 8 to 24 carbon atoms of at least two compounds. The vicinal OH and NH.sub.2 substituents are uniformly distributed statistically along the chain. The mixtures are readily prepared from mixtures of C.sub.8 -C.sub.24 olefins by epoxidation followed by reaction with ammonia.The mixtures are useful as intermediates in the production of hydroxyalkyl-aminobutyric acid mixtures for lubricating the cold working of aluminum and as corrosion inhibitors for corrodible iron-containing metals.

Abstract: The invention relates to lubricants for use in metal shaping operations, especially hot and cold rolling of steel and aluminium, and casting of aluminium. Preferred lubricants comprise in a mixture (i) a tetraester of pentaerythritol and a C.sub.16 to C.sub.20 aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, (ii) orthophosphoric acid. The lubricants have markedly reduced coefficients of friction; improved roll-wear characteristics and good stability at temperatures of 250+.degree.C. Incorporation of mineral oil and an emulsifier enables the thus modified composition to be used for the preparation of aqueous emulsions or dispersions.

Abstract: Phosphoric acid esters of poly(2-10)ethyleneoxy n butane 1,4-diols provide water soluble lubricants suited for formulating light to heavy duty water-based metal working fluid compositions.

Abstract: Aqueous metal working fluids exhibiting high lubricity and high stability are provided. These fluids comprise water and an acid terminated diester of a secondary diol or the amine or alkali metal salts of the ester.

Abstract: A cutting oil composition for processing a cemented carbide skiving hob, which comprises (a) a base oil and (b) an effective amount to prevent wear of at least one additive blended therein selected from the group consisting of a metal-containing dithiophosphoric acid compound, a sulfonate, a phenate, a carboxylate and a phosphonate of an alkaline earth metal, and an alkyl- or arylphosphoric acid ester, the cutting oil composition having a viscosity at 100.degree. F. of from about 3 to about 25 centistokes. The use of the cutting oil composition can obviate the compression collapse of the edge of a tool and give finished gears of good quality.

Abstract: A lubricant for non-chip metal forming comprising (1) 5% by weight or more of at least one powdered sulfate selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate and barium sulfate having a mean particle size of 100 .mu. or less and (2) at least one conventional lubricant selected from the group consisting of inorganic solid lubricants, organic solid lubricants and organic liquid lubricants. This lubricant is excellent in galling resistance (anti-weld property) as well as in other properties required for a lubricant for non-chip metal forming. In the non-chip metal forming using this lubricant, it is sufficient to subject the raw material to a simple pretreatment such as pickling or shot blasting to accomplish the desired non-chip metal forming.

Abstract: Process of sulfurizing a blend of 90 to 50 and preferably 88 to 70 parts by volume of triglyceride such as lard oil and 10 to 50 and preferably 12 to 30 parts by volume of an ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon containing 2 to 24 carbon atoms. The sulfurization is carried out using elemental sulfur. Simultaneous sulfurization and chlorination may be effected by reacting with sulfur monochloride. Phosphosulfurization may also be carried out by addition of small amounts of a phosphorus sulfide to the sulfurized blend followed by heating at 180.degree. F. to 250.degree. F. for from 30 minutes to 10 hours to effect phosphosulfurization. The sulfurization or phosphosulfurization involves reacting at from 350.degree. F. to 445.degree. F. for 20 minutes to 10 hours followed by blowing with a gas at from 125.degree. F. to 250.degree. F. for 30 minutes to 20 hours to remove hydrogen sulfide. The simultaneous sulfurization and chlorination reaction is carried out at from 90.degree. F. to 280.degree. F.

Abstract: A synergistic extreme-pressure lubricating composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity having dispersed therein: (1) 0.1-60 weight percent of hydrated potassium borate microparticles having a boron to potassium ratio of about 2.5 to 4.5, (2) from 0.01 to 5.0 weight percent of an antiwear agent selected from (a) a zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate having from 4 to 20 carbons in each hydrocarbyl group; (b) a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 amine salt of a dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acid having from 4 to 20 carbons in each hydrocarbyl group; (c) a zinc alkyl aryl sulfonate; or (d) mixtures thereof, and (3) from 0.1 to 5 weight percent of an oil-soluble antioxidant organic sulfur compound containing from 3 to 40 weight percent sulfur, which sulfur is present as organic sulfide or polysulfide or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Metallo-organic compositions soluble in oils and hydrocarbon solvents, of a high transitional metal content and highly overbased character, are prepared from sources of transitional metals (or of transitional in conjunction with nontransitional metals) reacted with mixed organic acids comprising at least one monocarboxylic acid and a second acid, either a sulfonic acid or a different molecular weight monocarboxylic acid. Formation of the complexes requires the use of excesses of metal over acids, and the use of an oxygen-supplying material such as air, regardless of whether the metal source be a free metal, an oxide or a hydroxide. Alkoxyalkanols or glycols may be used in addition to the required acids.

Abstract: A water emulsifiable lubricant and coolant for the cold forming of metal, as in the forming and stamping of sheet metal parts and in the drawing of wire. The composition has superior lubricant and coolant properties and also imparts some degree of corrosion protection for the part after forming. The composition contains oleic acid, an ethanolamine, a mixture of mineral oils or a mixture of mineral oil with a wax, and a mixture of emulsifiers. The emulsion is stable at various strengths and at pH values ranging from 7.0 to 9.5, thus being useful with various plated or coated metals, as well as with uncoated metals.An example of the lubricant is as follows:Lubricant(a) water base(b) oleic acid(c) ethanolamine(d) heavy mineral oil(e) dialkylphenoxypoly (ethyleneoxy) ethanol(f) sodium salt of alkylpolyoxyethylene phosphate ester, and(g) a member selected from the group consisting of light mineral oil, paraffin wax, oxazoline wax.

Abstract: Compositions suitable for use as forging lubricants, especially for hot forging, comprises an aliphatic or alicyclic organic diluent (preferably one which has a high flash point and a relatively high boiling point), graphite and non-Newtonian basic alkaline earth metal complex. The complex is preferably a grease-like or gel-like basic calcium or magnesium sulfonate or carboxylate, or mixture thereof. Basic magnesium sulfonate-carboxylates are especially preferred. These lubricants, when used in hot forging operations, are characterized by their ability to protect the forging die from welding, scoring or other deformation and by their relatively smokeless properties.

Abstract: A forging compound particularly adapted for hot die dwell forging of titanium and its alloys comprises boundary layer particles (boron nitride or graphite) and a major quantity (more than 60% by weight) of vitreous components. The vitreous components comprise diboron trioxide and silica frit containing a metal oxide wetting agent. In a preferred form, the forging lubricant comprises about 14 to 25% by weight boron nitride particles, balance, vitreous components. The latter comprise about 60% to 75% by weight diboron trioxide, balance silica glass containing cobalt oxide wetting agent in an amount of 1.0 to 3% by weight of the vitreous components. All the foregoing ingredients may be dispersed in a coatable carrier preferably comprising a solvent, e.g., xylene, in which a resin binder is dissolved.

Abstract: A method for processing steel strip, which comprises cold-rolling the steel strip, coiling the rolled steel strip and annealing the coiled steel strip, wherein a rolling oil emulsion containing 0.1 to 5 percent by weight of SiO.sub.2 in the form of stabilized silicic acid sol and having a pH value between 5.0 and 9.0 is applied to the steel strip prior to coiling and the rolling oil emulsion so employed.

Abstract: Halogenated polycondensates of fatty alcohol-acids are prepared by the following steps:A. polycondensation of said fatty alcohol-acid in a solvent,B. halogenation of the polycondensate obtained in step (a)C. salification of the halogenated polycondensate obtained in step (b) by an alkaline and/or an amine and/or ammonium base.The polycondensates may also be esterifired with a mineral acid.The products are used in aqueous solutions for metal working.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use, as a hydraulic fluid or metalworking lubricant, of compositions having water as a base and yet possessing superior lubricating and wear preventing characteristics. The fluids of the invention comprise (1) a water-soluble polyoxyethylated ester of an aliphatic acid and a monohydric or polyhydric aliphatic alcohol, either one or both said acid and said alcohol being polyoxyethylated (2) a sulfurized molybdenum or antimony compound or alternatively mixtures of (1) and (2) with (3) a phosphate ester. The compositions can be thickened, if desired, using for instance polyglycol, polyacrylic and polyvinyl alcohol type thickeners. The use of corrosion inhibitors, metal deactivators and other adjuvants conventional in this art is also contemplated.

Abstract: Since primers can be applied to metal substrates prior to subsequent operation, including metal deformation, they are often applied in coil coating operation. The potential for the removal of primer coating during metal deformation is a drawback to early coating application. There is now provided a lubricant composition particularly adapted to meet this problem. The composition comprises metallic stearate, emulsifier, titanium dioxide and Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid, all in aqueous medium.

Abstract: A lubricant for forming a ferrous metal blank into a preselected configuration by warm- or hot-forming procedures. The lubricant is an alkali-modified borate glass containing a minor mole percent of an alkali metal oxide, preferably sodium oxide. The glass is formed in situ on the surface to be lubricated by depositing on the surface a glass-forming mixture of a source of boron oxide and an alkali metal borate and then heating the mixture to form the glass.

Abstract: Metal lubricants having solubility in soft or hard water, excellent cutting, grinding, forming and machine lubrication are provided by poly(oxyalkylene) compounds grafted with about 3 to 15% by weight of acrylic or methacrylic acid followed by neutralization with an alkanolamine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use, as hydraulic fluids or metalworking lubricants, of compositions having water as a base and improved extreme pressure lubricating and wear-preventing characteristics. The hydraulic fluids of the invention are nonflammable and comprise a synergistic combination of a phosphate ester and a sulfur-containing compound. The compositions can be thickened, if desired, using a polyglycol type thickener and can contain additives known to the art such as defoamers and corrosion inhibitors. Stable concentrates comprising the phosphate ester and sulfur-containing compound can be prepared.

Abstract: A graphite lubricant system for applying a coating of the lubricant to successive mandrels in a seamless pipe mill just prior to their insertion therein. The system provides for the selective application of the smokeless lubricant to the mandrels before they are inserted within the seamless pipe shell and both are run into the mill itself. In order to prevent the lubricant from clogging, the system includes a self-flushing arrangement which provides a cleaning function thereto when the system has been inactive for a given amount of time.