Abstract: Alkane alkanolamines of the formulaRNHR.sup.1 OHwhereinR is hydrogen or normal C.sub.1-6 alkyl; and R.sup.1 is a normal or branched chain C.sub.2-4 alkyl or hydroxymethyl C.sub.2-4 alkylare effective to potentiate the activity of and prolong the useful life of antimicrobial agents in controlling the growth of microorganisms in industrial water based fluids. A specific example of the alkanolamines of this invention is n-hexyl ethanolamine.

Abstract: A drawing and stamping extreme pressure lubricant for steel and aluminum which comprises a water-in-oil micro-emulsion which consists essentially of about 2 to 30 percent of a 500 to 3,000 s.u.s. hydrocarbon oil and suitable emulsifiers and stabilizers used as the base for the emulsion including tall oil fatty acids, triethanolamine soaps, petroleum sulfonates, and non-ionic emulsifiers. By substituting an ethoxylated vegetable oil, such as caster oil, etc., for the hydrocarbon oil in the above formulation, a second extreme pressure lubricant is arrived at. Thus, this lubricant consists of 2 to 30 percent of an oxidized vegetable oil polymer where the oxidized portion is 4 to 30 moles selected from a group consisting of ethylene oxide (EO), propylene oxide (PO), and ethylene/propylene oxide (EO/PO) units of vegetable oil.

Abstract: Aluminum weld wire having a nascent aluminum surface, (the weld wire is also useful for vacuum and arc metallizing), is lubricated with a dual coating of an essentially anhydrous lower alkanol and a colloidal solid lubricant each present as a layer so thin that they are essentially invisible to the naked eye. The solid lubricant is oil-free colloidal graphite which may be combined with a minor amount of a sulfide of molybdenum. The lubricant particles are deposited from a 1% to 15% by wt dispersion of the particles in the alkanol, in substantially spaced-apart relation, forming a non-uniform, monoparticulate layer on the nascent aluminum surface. The high propensity of the lubricant particles to settle out (they are smaller than 10 microns, and generally smaller than 1 micron in size) from the dispersion, permits formation of the monoparticulate layer. The alkanol layer is so thin that only from 100 ppm to 0.1% of alkanol, by weight of the weld wire, is present.

Abstract: Additives comprising an adduct of a calcium salt of a thiocarbonic acid and calcium hydroxide are useful in lubricants to enhance both the extreme pressure/anti-wear and anti-oxidation capabilities thereof. The lubricants are preferably oils of lubricating viscosity, which may be thickened to a grease-like consistency with one or more oil thickeners and contain from about 0.1 to about 20 weight percent of said adduct.

Abstract: A process for producing a titanium material with excellent corrosion resistance, which comprises first applying a degree of cold working of 10% or more of the total working reduction while causing an oil to exist on the surface of the titanium material during cold working thereof and then subjecting the titanium material to in-situ heat treatment at a temperature of 300.degree. C. or higher, thereby forming a layer with excellent corrosion resistance containing at least one of Ti.sub.2 N, TiC and Ti(CN) on the titanium material surface.

Abstract: Additives containing a salt or complex of trithiocarbonic acid are useful in lubricants to enhance the extreme pressure/anti-wear and anti-oxidation capabilities thereof. The lubricants are preferably oils of lubricating viscosity, which may be thickened to a grease-like consistency with one or more oil thickeners, and contains from about 0.1 to about 20 weight percent of said additives.

Abstract: The method of controlling a velocity dependent factor of strip material being processed in a mill includes the steps of simultaneously determining the apparent velocity of material prior to, between and subsequent to spaced apart work rolls. Input slip is determined by comparing the apparent input velocity with the apparent work roll velocity, and output slip is determined by comparing the apparent output velocity with the apparent work roll velocity. A velocity dependent factor is calculated in response to a comparison of input slip and output slip. The calculated factor is compared with a previously calculated factor and a derived factor is calculated when the calculated factor exceeds the previously calculated factor by more than the selected amount and an adaptive factor used to calculate the derived factor is calculated when the calculated factor does not exceed the previously calculated factor by the selected amount.

Abstract: Additives comprising a salt or complex of tetrathiocarbonic acid are useful in lubricants to enhance both the extreme pressure/anti-wear and anti-oxidant capabilities thereof. The lubricants preferably are oils of lubricating viscosity, which may be thickened to grease-like consistency with one or more oil thickeners, and contain from about 0.1 to about 20 weight percent of said additives.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing an extra fine wire, a blank wire cooled to a low temperature is caused to pass through a high humidity atmosphere and, immediately thereafter, is drawn to a diameter such that wire breakage due to the drawing does not occur. Alternatively, a blank wire is caused to pass through a die assembly so arranged as to be immersed in refrigerant, and is drawn within the refrigerant of low temperature, to a diameter with which wire breakage due to the drawing does not occur. The drawn wire material is heated rapidly and is annealed and, thereafter, is cooled rapidly to form an intermediate blank wire. Subsequently, the intermediate wire is drawn at the ordinary temperature.

Abstract: Lubricating oils for rolling of steel plates, which are composed of synthetic ester compounds obtainable from tri- or higher-valent alcohols having tertiary nitrogen such as isocyanuric derivatives or ethylene oxide addition products of ethylenediamine and fatty acids, possess well-balanced rolling lubricating properties and mill cleanability at a high level.

Abstract: Improved metalworking lubricants derived from natural fats and oils and obtained by reacting the natural fat or oil with a hindered polyol and a dicarboxylic acid are provided. These lubricants may be chlorinated, sulfurized or chlorosulfurized. Also disclosed are compositions useful for a variety of metalworking applications wherein the modified triglyceride is blended with conventional triglycerides and/or hydrocarbon oils and which may additionally contain emulsifiers and additives.

Abstract: A metalworking fluid comprising three constituents, a highly purified paraffin oil, one or more esters, and an emulsifier. The metalworking fluid may be used in its neat form or may be diluted with water such that the water component is from about 50% to 99% by volume of the total volume of water and metalworking fluid. The metalworking fluid provides excellent lubricating and cooling properties while avoiding any off taste problems.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of water-soluble 3-mercaptopropionic acid disulphide salts as extreme pressure additives for aqueous functional fluids.These salts may be prepared by the oxidation of 3-mercaptopropionic acid followed by bringing the disulphide obtained into contact with an organic or inorganic base.Functional fluids are used during industrial operations such as, for example, the machining of metals.

Abstract: A method for forming in a single step metal slugs of tantalum, niobium or a base alloy of one of these metals, by cold pressing. A lubricant film is either an oxide coating on the metal, into which a polytetrafluorethylene of low molecular weight is embedded, or it is a film of chlorotrifluorethylene. A metal slug is shaped by means of a hard-metal punch with a crowned bottom surface on its punch head and a rounded undercut in the area of the transition from the punch head to the punch shank.

Abstract: A metal-working lubricant comprises an aqueous emulsion of (a) a long-chain aliphatic ester, amide, alcohol or acid, and (b) as a fugitive emulsifier an ammonium or volatile amine salt of a long-chain aliphatic acid. On application to sheet, e.g. of aluminum metal with a chromate or anodic oxide protective surface layer, the water and ammonia or volatile amine evaporate to leave a storage-stable hydrophobic lubricant. The sheet can be formed or made into adhesively bonded structures of shaped components.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lubricant composition for metalworking at a temperature higher than 200.degree. C. which comprises as its active components (i) at least one alkali metal salts of phthalic acid and (ii) a glass composition comprising 20 to 70% by weight of P.sub.2 O.sub.5, 8 to 72% by weight of M.sub.2 O wherein M is an alkali metal and 0 to 80% by weight of B.sub.2 O.sub.3, the ratio of component (i) to component (ii) being about 10:90 to about 90:10 in a total amount of 100 parts by weight.

Abstract: A lubricating oil for metal working comprises a base oil and a diester of a branched aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having from 12 to 28 carbon atoms and a straight chain aliphatic alcohol having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The lubricating oil is excellent in rolling properties and causes no heat scratching, and permits the production of rolled plates having good gloss. These properties are further improved by adding a monoester compound having from 13 to 48 carbon atoms to the above oil.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for working metal which comprises (A) a base oil containing a mineral oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40.degree. C. (V.sub.40) of 5 to 150 cSt, viscosity-pressure coefficient at 40.degree. C. (.alpha..sub.40) satisfying the expression:.alpha..sub.40 .ltoreq.2.800 log(V.sub.40)+14.200and a pour point of not higher than -35.degree. C., and (B) one or two of an oilness agent and an extreme pressure agent.

Abstract: A lubricating composition for press forming consists of a lubricant dissolved or dispersed in a volatile liquid medium, wherein the lubricant comprises at least one ester of a polyhydric alcohol having two or three hydroxyl groups of which one or two are esterified with a long chain carboxylic acid and has a melting point above ambient temperature but low enough to permit removal from a metal surface by an aqueous alkaline cleaner.The composition is useful for forming structures of shaped aluminium components on a production line.

Abstract: An improved method for drawing iron or steel rod subjects the rod to a titanium based conditioning agent prior to application of a dry powder soap lubricant and subsequent to descaling and any phosphating step.

Abstract: A lubricating composition comprising (A) at least one member selected from (a) a polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether phosphate diester, (b) a polyoxyalkylene alkylphenyl ether phosphate diester and (c) a phosphonate ester, in an amount of 3% by weight or more, (B) an N,N'-ethylenebis acid amide having an average particle size of 1 .mu.m or more in an amount of 2 to 15% by weight, and if necessary (C) a lubricating oil having a viscosity of 5 mm.sup.2 /s or more ('.degree. C.) is suitable for cold plastic working of aluminum alloys, particularly age-hardening type aluminum alloys, at the reduction of area of 35% or more.

Abstract: Lanolin emulsions and lanolin containing concentrates for water-based metalworking fluids are disclosed. The lanolin metalworking fluids contain water, lanolin, fatty acids, amines and nonionic surfactants. The compositions are stable in hard water.

Abstract: Improved lubrication of tools for hot working rare earth-transition metal alloy particles is provided by suitably applied glass or glass/graphite lubricants.

Abstract: A lubricant composition is disclosed which is environmentally acceptable when used with hot forging of aluminum workpieces. Said lubricant comprises a metal soap composition containing no lead plus amounts of polybutene, graphite, thickening agent, mineral oil and, optionally, aliphatic solvent.

Abstract: A cold working lubricant for metallic conduits in the form of a liquid wherein butyl acrylate ester-methyl methacrylate ester copolymer of 10-40 in resin acid value and -10.degree. to 20.degree. C. in glass transition temperature is emulsified and dispersed; an emulsified product of the straight chain saturated fatty acid or its ester with a melting point of 30.degree.-70.degree. C. can be further added thereto.

Abstract: Metalworking applications are provided with a lubricant comprised of at least one substantially saturated ester formed of a polyhydric alcohol and at least one carboxylic acid, from 5 to 15 weight percent of a partially-esterified vegetable oil, an air-oxidized vegetable oil, a high molecular weight alkali metal sulfonate salt, a high carbon amide, a high molecular weight ethoxylated organic alcohol, or mixtures thereof and from 0.5 to 3.0 weight percent of an ethylene homopolymer, a polymer derived from ethylene and ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers, oxidized derivatives of ethylene polymers, or mixtures thereof. The lubricant is applied to metal in molten form.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for thin film coating a substrate comprising spraying a stream of molybdenum disulfide powder mixed with steel shot at a predetermined velocity against the substrate, the velocity being sufficient, when impacting the substrate, to bond minute plate-like particles of molybdenum disulfide to the substrate and form a friction reducing surface thereon.

Abstract: New N-substituted compounds, useful as metal deactivators in functional fluids, have the formula I: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and each is C.sub. -C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 alkenyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.13 aralkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are each attached form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocyclic residue, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is each a residue of formula II:R.sub.3 X[(alkylene)O].sub.n (alkylene)-- IIin which X is O, S or N, R.sub.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, alkylene is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylene residue and n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 6, or R.sub.1 has its previous significance and R.sub.2 is a residue of formula III: ##STR2## or R.sub.2 is a residue of formula III as defined above R.sub.1 is a residue of formula IV:--[alkylene].sub.n --N(R.sub.4)--A--[N(R.sub.4).sub.2 ].sub.

Abstract: The hydrogen sulfide emission of oil-soluble sulfurized organic compounds is reduced by utilizing a hindered amine and optionally a carboxylic acid or acid anhydride in effective amounts.

Abstract: A wire rod is payed out from a pay-off stand and descaled in a descaling process. After preheating to a predetermined temperature by a preheating device, it is subjected to a lubrication pretreatment through a zinc calcium phosphate solution applied with ultrasonic wave in the lubrication pretreatment process. After rinsing process, the lubrication-pretreated wire rod is coated with a calcium stearate or a sodium stearate in lubricating process. Thereafter, the wire rod is dried sufficiently in drying process, and then added with a predies lubricant in wire drawing process and coiled by a coiler.

Abstract: Metal articles are press-fitted together, using a lubricant dispersion comprising about 1-15 wt % colloidal graphite in isopropanol. The isopropanol is removed and the articles are then welded together at a joint to form a unitary weldment. The process is especially suitable for use on articles made from aluminum and aluminum alloys.

Abstract: A kit and process are provided for working metals, said kit comprising a metal nitride and/or metal carbonitride coated metal working tool and a water soluble metal working fluid, said fluid including a relatively large alkoxylated amine, an alkanol amine and an acid-derived compound selected from the group consisting of organic acids, inorganic acids, and salts thereof, and said process comprising contacting a metal workpiece with said metal working tool and said fluid to effectuate working of said metal.

Abstract: Lubricants useful in metal working processes, especially cutting, comprise (A) a lubricating oil and (B) a basic alkaline earth metal salt or borated complex thereof. Component B is preferably a basic calcium sulfonate prepared by a specific method. The lubricants may also contain at least one of (C) a specific active sulfur-containing compound and (D) a chlorinated wax.

Abstract: A substantially water-free, emulsion type liquid lubricant for metal forming which comprises:(a) a lubricating oil,(b) at least one of phosphoric acid esters represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl, alkylalkenyl or aryl; n is an integer of 1 to 2, and (c) an emulsifying agent,an average particle size of the phosphoric acid ester being 0.3 to 120 .mu.m, can form a lubricating film having distinguished heat resistance and lubricating properties by virtue of the heat generated by deformation and friction during the metal forming only by wetting the surface of a metallic workpiece or a die or both with the lubricant and work effectively for preventing galling, and thus parts with a high reduction of area or parts of complicated shapes can be readily formed.A lubricating film having a lubricating effect equivalent to that of the conventional phasphate film can be simply obtained, greatly contributing to reduction in product cost.

Abstract: A metalworking lubricant composition comprising mineral oil and a trimethylolalkane ester. A metalworking lubricant emulsion is prepared by mixing about 1-5 wt % of the composition with about 95-99 wt % water. A preferred lubricant composition exhibits an unusual combination of lower wear than prior art compositions along with higher friction when tested on aluminum alloy samples. Accordingly, the lubricant composition is suitable for hot rolling or cold rolling aluminum and aluminum alloys.

Abstract: A lubricant is provided to help in drawing containers such as cans from tinplate or coated tin free steel and to assist the metal forming process during drawing. The lubricant is formulated to permit a post spray without removal of the lubricant thereby eliminating washing and drying the container before post spraying. Post spray coatings are solvent or water based and are necessary to protect the container from the harmful effects of the material carried within the container and in turn to prevent contamination of the product by its container. A method of lubricating a metal to be deeply drawn into a sanitary can is explained and includes leaving the lubricant on the can during interior post coating operations.

Abstract: The invention is a corrosion inhibiting water-based machining fluid comprising a synergistic combination of a 2-heptyl-1-ethoxypriopionic acid imidazoline, sodium salt; free amine and a mixture of an amine salt of C.sub.8 to C.sub.14 dicarboxylic acids.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the continuous casting of a lithium-containing alloy including casting the alloy through a mold and applying alpha-olefin oligomer to the mold. In one aspect, the process includes a lubricant containing alpha-olefin oligomer, preferably having a viscosity in the range of about 1-3 cs at 450.degree. F. In another aspect, the process includes a lubricant containing less than the varnish-film forming amount of fatty ester, fatty acid, or fatty alcohol.

Abstract: A metalworking method that includes a step of applying to a metal object a lubricant composition comprising a major proportion of mineral oil and a minor proportion of an alkoxyalkyl ester having the general formula R.sub.2 COO(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n R.sub.1 wherein n=1 or 2, R.sub.1 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl group and R.sub.2 is a C.sub.7 to C.sub.19 alkyl or alkenyl group. A particularly preferred composition comprises about 30 wt % butoxyethyl stearate dissolved in about 70 wt % mineral oil.A metalworking lubricant emulsion is formed by emulsifying about 2-10 wt % of the composition in about 90-98 wt % water. A particularly preferred emulsion comprises about 5 wt % of the composition emulsified in about 95 wt % water. The method is particularly suitable for hot rolling and cold rolling aluminum and aluminum alloys.

Abstract: A lubricating composition comprising (a) a lubricating oil, (b) at least one phosphite ester of pentaerythritol, and (c) at least one compound selected from phosphate monoesters and diesters and phosphonates is suitable for metal forming, particularly for plastic working of aluminum and aluminum alloy with excellent formability and heat resistance.

Abstract: A substantially water-free, liquid lubricant for metal forming, which comprises a lubricating oil, and at least one of linearly condensed phosphorus compounds represented by the following general formula (1):M.sub.m H.sub.n+2-m P.sub.n O.sub.3n+1 (1)wherein m is an integer of 0, 1, . . . , n+1, n is an integer of 2 to 6, and M is an alkali metal, and cyclically condensed phosphorus compounds represented by the following general formulae (2) and (3):(HPO.sub.3).sub.n (2)M.sub.x H.sub.y (PO.sub.3).sub.x+y (3)wherein n is an integer of 2 to 8, M is an alkali metal, and each of x and y is an integer of 1 or more, where x+y.ltoreq.

Abstract: Antimicrobial mixtures of isothiazolones and a metal complex with a polyfunctional ligand which are synergistic are described. The mixtures particularly include mixtures of a monocopper disodium citrate as the ligand and a 5-x-2-lower alkyl 4-isothiazolin-3-one wherein x is a halo or hydrogen group as the isothiazolone. The compositions are particularly useful for metal cutting fluids wherein long duration antimicrobial activity is desired.

Abstract: In this invention provided are cold rolling oils for steel sheets which are applied for cold rolling of steel sheets and have excellent lubricity, lubrication stability, and fresh oil replenishing property.

Abstract: A cutting oil suitable for the working of nonferrous metals, in particular for milling and engraving copper cylinders employed in gravure printing, is based on fatty acid esters of monohydric or polyhydric alcohols in an organic solvent which is selected from glycols, oligoglycols, polyglycols or their monoethers, diethers, monoesters or diesters, and also contains a surfactant, preferably an anionic surfactant. This oil enables outstanding and trouble-free working of metals and is distinguished by being completely removable, without regreasing, in an alkaline degreasing bath.

Abstract: A separating-and-lubricating agent in solid form for warm metal shaping, especially hot-sheet or profile rolling. The softening point of the agent is between 20.degree. and 250.degree. C., the melting point is between 30.degree. and 300.degree. C. and the shore-D-hardness at 200.degree. C. is between 20 and 80. The agent contains at least one thermoplastic polymer and/or copolymer and a lubricant for synthetic substances.

Abstract: Lubricants useful in metal working processes, especially cutting, comprise (A) a lubricating oil and (B) a basic alkali metal salt or borated complex thereof. Component B is preferably a basic sodium sulfonate prepared by a specific method. The lubricant may also contain at least one of (C) a specific active sulfur-containing compound and (D) a chlorinated wax.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a dry type continuous wire drawing process which can retain satisfactory working circumstances while eliminating the problem of disposal of waste liquids. The wire drawing process includes the steps of descaling a wire to be drawn, coating the descaled wire with a lubricant, and drawing the lubricant-coated wire through a drawing die. The descaling step is conducted in a mechanical manner. At the lubricant coating step, the descaled wire is once coated with lime powder and then with metallic soap powder. Thus. the three steps recited are conducted under dry and continuous conditions. At the lubricant coating step, the lime-coated wire may be coated with powder of sodium stearate before it is coated with the metallic soap.

Abstract: A solid lubricant such as MoS.sub.2 is applied to certain carbon and stainless steels after surface voids have been produced in the material by one or two annealings before final cold working the material to finished size. The latter operation imbeds or includes the lubricant into the material and thereby provides a superior lubricated steel for piston rings, shaft, valve stem, spring, stranded wire, and the like applications. The technique involved may also employ corrosion inhibiting agents to increase resistance to corrosion of the steel as well as to impove its lubricity.

Abstract: A metalworking composition containing 2-hydroxyethyl-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)sulfide in an aqueous medium. A method for enhancing the extreme pressure lubricating properties of an aqueous metalworking composition by admixing therein 2-hydroxyethyl-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)sulfide.

Abstract: Substantially oil-free aqueous industrial fluids comprise (A) up to as much as 99.9 percent by weight water, (B) at least one substantially water-insoluble functional additive stably dispersed in the water and (C) at least one substantially water-soluble liquid organic dispersing agent, said dispersing agent being capable of dispersing said functional additive in said fluid and are useful as liquids in a variety of industrial applications, such as hydraulic systems and metal shaping operations. Typically, these compositions also contain at least one water-soluble polymeric thickener and at least one corrosion inhibitor. Methods for preparing these fluids from concentrates are also disclosed.