Abstract: Cable modem terminator comprising new head-end of passenger in-flight entertainment system forms an extended intranet through cable modems disposed at one or more passengers seats. Cable modems form secondary digital networks that deliver data and entertainment content to aircraft integral devices or personal electronic devices belonging to individual passengers.

Abstract: An aircraft in-flight entertainment (IFE) system includes a headend unit, and a plurality of seat electronic boxes (SEBs) spaced throughout the aircraft. The headend unit includes a digital satellite radio receiver. A local area network (LAN) connects the digital satellite radio receiver for providing digital satellite radio signals to the SEBs. The IFE system further includes a plurality of passenger control units (PCUs) connected to the plurality of SEBs, with each PCU permitting passenger selection of the digital satellite radio signals.

Abstract: A communication system has a communication infrastructure and a gateway station communicating a communication signal to the communication infrastructure. An airplane having an antenna coupled to a processing circuit for establishing a plurality of multiple communication links corresponding to the communication infrastructure is used. The gateway station generates multiple datagrams from the television signal and transmits the multiple datagrams through the multiple dynamic links. The antenna receives the datagrams from the infrastructure and the processing circuit and reassembles the datagrams into the communication signal.

Abstract: This invention discloses an entertainment system for providing entertainment to a user thereof, the system including an entertainment source for providing entertainment in a distributable form, entertainment distribution apparatus for distributing the entertainment and a plurality of entertainment delivery units, each entertainment delivery unit including receiving apparatus for receiving the entertainment from the entertainment source via the entertainment distribution apparatus, wherein at least one of the plurality of entertainment delivery units includes personalization apparatus adapted to receive a removable personalization element including personalization information, and the at least one of the plurality of entertainment units personalizes the entertainment based on the personalization information, and the personalization information includes at least one of the following: entertainment preference information; gaming information; and telecommunications information.

Abstract: A method for controlling an in-flight entertainment (IFE) system using network protocols, such as TCP/IP, HTTP, or FTP. Control of a plurality of functions, including in-seat and broadcast audio and video, overhead reading light control, and flight attendant call, are implemented using a network client, a network server, and a network server program, each communicating with network protocols. The network client may be visible or invisible to a user of the in-flight entertainment system, depending on whether a web browser or a virtual web browser is used as a network client. The software for each line replaceable unit (LRU) may be designed, redesigned, or tested independently from other components within the IFE system. Particular functions of the IFE system can be made available only to particular parts of the IFE system, allowing different levels of access to the IFE system for different passenger classes.

Abstract: A communication system has a communication infrastructure and a gateway station communicating a communication signal to the communication infrastructure. An airplane having an antenna coupled to a processing circuit for establishing a plurality of multiple communication links corresponding to the communication infrastructure is used. The gateway station generates multiple datagrams from the television signal and transmits the multiple datagrams through the multiple dynamic links. The antenna receives the datagrams from the infrastructure and the processing circuit and reassembles the datagrams into the communication signal.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method generate customized content for in-route entertainment on a mobile element, such as an aircraft. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a shared program input for receiving a shared program stream, which includes primary entertainment content (e.g., video segments) intended for a plurality of mobile elements; a supplemental content input for receiving customized supplemental content, such as advertising and branding segments; a scheduler providing scheduling information, which indicates insertion points in the shared program stream for customized supplemental input as a function of characteristics of the mobile element; and an output for outputting the shared program stream, the customized supplemental content, and the scheduling information for subsequent generation of an entertainment content stream customized for the mobile element.

Abstract: In-flight entertainment systems provide entertainment for passengers on commercial airline flights. Presently, usually on longer flights, video entertainment is commonly available on in-flight passenger entertainment systems. In-flight entertainment systems can display video on a variety of display monitors ranging from a conventional CRT display to a more modern Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). Generally most displays are connected to the aircraft electronic system via a ARINC 722 connector. The ARINC 722 connector commonly provides an electrical interface between the aircraft and the video system, whether the video system is a CRT or LCD type monitor. With the increasing use of LCD monitors there is a greater need for the ability of the display monitor to be able to report its status. The need for status reporting is increased because the LCD monitors are often greater in number than the prior art CRT monitors and because malfunctions are less obvious.

Abstract: A method of distributing audio channels to passengers of an aircraft includes digitally encoding a multiplicity of audio channels into a corresponding multiplicity of digital audio channels. Different groups of the digital audio channels are combined into sub-channels having a data rate higher than a data rate of the digital audio channels. The sub-channels are combined into a composite data stream having a data rate higher than the data rate of the sub-channels. A first radio frequency (RF) carrier signal is modulated with the composite data stream to generate a modulated RF signal audio output. The modulated RF signal output containing a large number of audio channels is transmitted over a data network, such as a coaxial cable network, along with a multiplicity of video channel modulated RF carrier signals.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for creating contents in which contents information of source may be created within an authoring processing thereby to avoid a mistake from occurring when contents information is downloaded onto a server. An apparatus for creating contents information includes an A/D converting device (35) for input sources such as audio or video source, a data compression device (34) supplied with an A/D-converted or digitally-converted input source, a data adding device (37) supplied with a data-compressed or compressed input source and an information creation device (36) of contents information for input source. Since a table of contents information concerning input sources may be simultaneously saved for the authoring processing in which an input source is compressed, it is possible to remove a contents information creation work required when contents information may be downloaded onto an AV server which is restricted from a time and place standpoint.

Abstract: In-flight entertainment systems provide entertainment for passengers on commercial airline flights. Presently, usually on longer flights, video entertainment is commonly available on in-flight passenger entertainment systems. In-flight entertainment systems can display video on a variety of display monitors ranging from a conventional CRT display to a more modern Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). Generally most displays are connected to the aircraft electronic system via a ARINC 722 connector. The ARINC 722 connector commonly provides an electrical interface between the aircraft and the video system, whether the video system is a CRT or LCD type monitor. With the increasing use of LCD monitors there is a greater need for the ability of the display monitor to be able to report its status. The need for status reporting is increased because the LCD monitors are often greater in number than the prior art CRT monitors and because malfunctions are less obvious.

Abstract: An information system for vehicles (35) includes a plurality of contactless transceivers (31-32) oriented in the direction of the passengers (36) that allow a data transfer at close range, with a central data processor (2). A data bus (3) is connected with the transceivers (31-32) and with the central data processor (2), so that data can be transmitted between private portable terminals (4) of the passengers and the central data processor (2) in both directions over the transceivers (31-32) and the data bus (3). The portable terminals (4) additionally store passengers' identification data in such a manner that the identification data are transmitted to the central data processor, so that the system can check the passengers' travel authorizations.

Abstract: A computer is used to manage communication over a network between one or more network addressable units and a plurality of physical devices of a passenger entertainment system. The system is configured and operated using software to provide passenger entertainment services including audio and video on-demand, information dissemination, product and service order processing, video teleconferencing and data communication services. The system includes a system server and a network supporting multiple computer processors. The processors and the server comprise application software that control telephony applications and network services. The server is coupled by way of the network to physical devices of the system.

Abstract: An end-to-end global distribution system that can produce and deliver live content as well as pre-recorded content and other content, to commercial passenger aircraft via a satellite and ground-based infrastructure. The content can include live television, pre-recorded content, advertisements as well as other content such as software applications, internet material, etc. The delivered content can be tailored based on distribution criteria such as airline, aircraft, origin and destination, flight number, cabin class, and others. Such system can be advertiser-supported and include targeted and distribution specific advertisements. Furthermore, access to the content can be controlled by various conditional access parameters at the server level, to various aircraft zones, and at the passenger level.

Abstract: A demand data distribution system architecture applicable to data distribution systems and entertainment systems is disclosed. The demand distribution system architecture includes data sources and nodes for receiving data over a high-speed serial data bus such as IEEE 1394. The nodes receive data on demand from the data sources on channels assigned to the nodes. The demand data distribution system includes such fault tolerant features as a loop gate for looping around failed elements of the system.

Abstract: The present invention is a vehicular wireless audio/video record/playback unit, wherein the unit detects satellite, AM/FM radio and television broadcasts including new music release and live music and entertainment events and upon detection of a commercial break, station break, distortion or satellite interruptions, the unit pauses a recording function until the commercial or station break, distortion or satellite interruptions are eliminated. The unit supports internet access, on-line banking, stock market trading, commodity and precious stone/metal trading.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring and adjusting the data transmission rate of a forward link RF signal from a base station to a mobile platform to maintain a desired, minimum link margin with each of the mobile platforms. The system involves using a signal quality monitoring subsystem carried by each mobile platform during the normal course of its operation to transmit signal quality information via a return link to the base station. The base station uses the signal quality information to monitor and adjust the signal quality of subsequent forward link signals transmitted to the mobile platforms in a manner that optimizes the data transmission rate of the forward link signals. The present invention better accounts for time varying factors that influence the signal quality of received forward link signals by the mobile platforms and obviates the need for mobile test platforms or other expensive and relatively complex methods for predicting needed data transmission rates for the forward link signals.

Abstract: An aircraft communication distribution system and comprising a media controller to control the system, a media server in communication with the media controller and configured to store media information in a digital format, a web server to access the worldwide web in communication with the media controller, at least one Ethernet tapping unit in communication with the media, at least one Ethernet area distribution box in communication with the media server, at least one display unit in communication with at least one of the Ethernet tapping unit and the Ethernet area distribution box.

Abstract: A conduit system for laying cables along the floor of a passenger cabin of an aircraft includes longitudinal and transverse cable guide elements respectively forming cable channels, and cable branch junctions at intersections of the longitudinal and transverse guide elements. Each guide element includes a lower part secured to the cabin floor, and an upper part secured (e.g. snap fitted) onto the lower part to cover the cable channel. The cable branch junction includes a lower section secured to the floor and covered by an upper section, and allows the cables to continue straight through the junction or to be deflected by 90° or by 180°. With this arrangement, a greater number and greater diameter of cables can be laid out with a minimal installation effort. The components of the system are easily adaptable to any required installation layout, while providing a continuous covered protected enclosure for the cables.

Abstract: An aircraft in-flight entertainment system includes a satellite TV receiver, at least one video display connected to the receiver, and a multi-beam antenna on the aircraft for receiving signals from a plurality of satellite TV transponders. The multi-beam antenna may have right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) and left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) beams offset from one another by a beam offset angle. The beam offset angle may be less than an angle defined by the spacing of the DBS transponders. The system may also include an antenna steering positioner connected to the multi-beam antenna, and an antenna steering controller for steering the multi-beam antenna based upon received signals from at least one of the RHCP and LHCP beams. The antenna steering controller may comprise a processor for steering the multi-beam antenna based on a selected master one of the RHCP and LHCP beams and slaving the other beam therefrom.

Abstract: A method for installing and operating an aircraft in-flight entertainment system preferably includes installing an entertainment source on the aircraft; installing spaced apart signal distribution devices, each generating audio signals for at least one passenger in an audio-only mode, and generating audio and video signals to at least one passenger in an audio/video mode; installing a cable network connecting the entertainment source to the signal distribution devices; and operating the aircraft in-flight entertainment system with at least one predetermined signal distribution device in the audio-only mode. In addition, the method preferably includes later upgrading the aircraft in-flight entertainment system by connecting at least one passenger video display to the at least one predetermined signal distribution device to operate in the audio/video mode and while leaving the cable network unchanged.

Abstract: An aircraft in-flight entertainment system preferably includes, in one embodiment, a satellite TV receiver, at least one passenger video display connected to the receiver, and a processor connected to the receiver for determining an undesired condition and for generating a substitute image on the passenger video display rather than permit display of an undesired image which would otherwise be produced. The undesired condition may relate to a weak signal or component malfunction. Accordingly, the undesired image may be an undesired default text message or a degraded picture image. Other embodiments of the in-flight entertainment system are directed to providing a moving map image flight information channel integrated with the programming channels of the system.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for maintaining concealment for a scrambled signal when frequency pre-emphasis is used to defeat the scrambling. The pre-emphasis may be synthesized with high pass or peaking circuitry. More commonly however the pre-emphasis is available in television sets with a fine tuning control. By adjusting the fine tuning control to cause purposely mistuning off center, a peaking effect is generated which is used to counter the scrambled signal. The application discloses one embodiment which uses de-emphasis to counter the peaking effect. In another embodiment, signals added in the vicinity of the horizontal blanking interval causes the peaking effect to enhance these added signals over stable edges of the video signal. Since these added signals are position modulated for example, the television's sync circuits and horizontal oscillator circuits will cause scan circuits to generate position modulation.

Abstract: An aircraft in-flight entertainment system includes a satellite weather information receiver receiving a weather related programming channel from a satellite, and at least one passenger display connected to the satellite weather information receiver for displaying weather related information corresponding to a selected geographic area. A passenger control unit is associated with each passenger display for selecting the geographic area.

Abstract: An aircraft in-flight entertainment system includes an entertainment source, and passenger displays connected to the entertainment source. A method for operating the in-flight entertainment system includes collecting information on passengers of the aircraft for generating passenger profiles, and selectively matching passenger advertisements to the passenger profiles. The method further includes monitoring at least one flight parameter of the aircraft. The selectively matched passenger advertisements are displayed based upon the monitored flight parameter.

Abstract: A method for controlling an in-flight entertainment (IFE) system using network protocols, such as TCP/IP, HTTP, or FTP. Control of a plurality of functions, including in-seat and broadcast audio and video, overhead reading light control, and flight attendant call, are implemented using a network client, a network server, and a network server program, each communicating with network protocols. The network client may be visible or invisible to a user of the in-flight entertainment system, depending on whether a web browser or a virtual web browser is used as a network client. The software for each line replaceable unit (LRU) may be designed, redesigned, or tested independently from other components within the IFE system. Particular functions of the IFE system can be made available only to particular parts of the IFE system, allowing different levels of access to the IFE system for different passenger classes.

Abstract: An aircraft data management system provides a passenger seated on the aircraft with a number of entertainment and productivity enhancing options. Such options include, without limitation, video, audio, internet, airplane systems data and power. Located proximate to each seat group is an integrated seat box that includes a network interface card that identifies a requesting passenger for proper directing of the required data and/or power from devices that interface with a network controller back to the requesting passenger. Both on-aircraft and off-aircraft devices may be accessed by the system. While particularly drawn to aircraft, the data management system is also applicable to other venues have identifiable seating locations such as buses, passenger ships, hotels and auditoriums.

Abstract: An aircraft in-flight entertainment system includes an adaptive antenna, a terrestrial television (TV) receiver connected to the adaptive antenna for receiving TV programming channels from more than one terrestrial TV transmitter, and at least one display connected to the terrestrial TV receiver. A controller is connected to the adaptive antenna for determining a desired terrestrial TV transmitter, and for directing the adaptive antenna towards the desired terrestrial TV transmitter. If a new desired terrestrial TV transmitter is determined by the controller, then the controller redirects the adaptive antenna towards the new desired terrestrial TV transmitter.

Abstract: An aircraft system includes an entertainment source, and passenger displays for displaying images from the entertainment source. A signal distribution network connects the entertainment source to the passenger displays. The aircraft system further includes cameras spaced throughout the aircraft for aircraft surveillance, and a pilot display for displaying images from the cameras. The signal distribution network also connects the cameras to the pilot display. The cameras may provide images of internal the aircraft, such as in the cabin area, or external the aircraft. The aircraft system further includes a pilot control unit connected to the pilot display for control thereof.

Abstract: An aircraft in-flight entertainment system includes an entertainment source, and passenger displays connected to the entertainment source. A method for operating the in-flight entertainment system includes collecting information on passengers of the aircraft, and using the collected information for determining a respective pricing structure on available features of the in-flight entertainment system for each passenger. The method further includes determining a seating location of each passenger based upon an assigned passenger seating list, and displaying the respective pricing structure on an associated passenger display.

Abstract: The two-way transmissions are performed between a first bus and a usual portal of a first full-duplex 3-portal bridge and between a second bus and a usual portal of a second full-duplex 3-portal bridge, respectively. The one-way transmission of an isochronous packet and an asynchronous stream packet is performed between transmission and reception portals of the first full-duplex 3-portal bridge and reception and transmission portals of the second full-duplex 3-portal bridge. The first full-duplex 3-portal bridge and the second full-duplex 3-portal bridge perform a conversion between the asynchronous stream packet and an asynchronous packet if necessary.

Abstract: A vehicle entertainment system distributes an executable program in more than one channel of a modulated RF signal by using a plurality of download lines provided between the system file server and the RF modulator. The multiple download lines permit a passenger seat that missed the time window for downloading an executable program to request and download the executable program even before the first download has completed. The multiple download lines also permit downloads of different executable programs to take place at the same time. The vehicle entertainment system further includes a dedicated download processor and a buffer. The dedicated download processor is provided to reduce the processing load of the file server processor, in particular, to take over the task of generating a continuous stream of data responsive to a download request and supplying them to the RF modulator.

Abstract: A user-processor interface is described for providing data content to a user in transit on a mobile platform. The interface includes at least one option selectable by the user for bi-directional access to a network via satellite link. The interface also includes at least one option selectable by the user for real-time access to video content via satellite link. The user interface allows an in-flight passenger to select from an extensive menu of travel-related information, including up-to-date flight and ticketing information pertaining to the airline and aircraft carrying the passenger.

Abstract: A GSO satellite constellation (10) and an NGSO constellation (20) may be used to send various types of communication signals and multimedia signals to an aircraft (30). The video signals are demodulated by a demodulator (46) and routed by a router (64) to TV monitors (72 and 74), as well as short-term video storage (78). Data can be received and transmitted by a low gain, narrowband transmitter/receiver (100) in order to provide voice, computer and control communications at all times during the flight of aircraft (30).

Abstract: An in-flight entertainment system provides live video/audio programming to passengers and operators over an aircraft video/audio distribution system. The programming signals are derived from satellite broadcast signals that may be in either circular polarized form or linear polarized form. The broadcast signals are collected by two probes and extracted as right and left circular polarized signals. The right and left circular polarized signals are converted into either circular or linear polarized IF signals, and the IF signals are processed by a receiver/decoder unit to produce the live video/audio programming signals.

Abstract: A wireless local area network adapted for use by users traveling on a mobile platform such as an aircraft. The network includes a network server located on the mobile platform, and at least one network access point connected to the server and accessible wirelessly by at least one user portable electronic device over one of a plurality of non-overlapping network frequency channels. The RF characteristics of this wireless network are specifically tailored to meet applicable standards for electromagnetic compatibility with aircraft systems and RF exposure levels for passengers and flight crews.

Abstract: A method, system and computer program product for aircraft multimedia distribution, including a multimedia server provided within an aircraft of an airline and a multimedia communications network within the aircraft coupled to the multimedia server. The multimedia server is configured to distribute, over the aircraft multimedia communications network, multimedia in-flight to a device of a passenger for at least one of viewing, listening and purchasing by the passenger.

Abstract: A method for providing region-specific data content to a plurality of platforms traveling in a plurality of satellite coverage regions as the platforms leave one region and enter another region. Each platform includes a mobile communications system configured for bidirectional communication with a ground segment via satellite link. Within each of the coverage regions, data content selected for the region is multicast to platforms via an associated ground station and satellite. As a platform leaves one of the coverage regions and enters another of the coverage regions, the mobile communications system on the entering platform is configured, via the ground station associated with the coverage region being left, to receive the multicast in the coverage region being entered.

Abstract: A method in a system having an antenna for tracking and transceiving intelligence bearing signals from/to satellites for use by a multiplicity of devices on an aircraft, and for automatically switching between different satellites while the aircraft is in route. The method includes the steps of retrieving navigational data from systems of the aircraft for use in determining the time and position of the aircraft. The method also determines if a service region of a first satellite is in transition, and if so; it determines if the satellite service overlaps with a second satellite and if the second satellite signal is stronger. If yes, then service from the second satellite is acquired by pointing the antenna to this second satellite and configuring second intelligence signals received from the second satellite. Then, the second intelligence bearing signals are displayed and distributed to devices within the aircraft.

Abstract: In a system for providing data content to and from a plurality of mobile platforms where each of the mobile platforms transmits a return link having an EIRP to a predetermined location via a satellite-mounted transponder, a method for controlling an EIRP of the aggregate return link emissions of the mobile platforms. The method includes the steps of determining a probability distribution of the EIRP of the return link for each of the mobile platforms; and determining a probability distribution of the EIRP for the aggregate return link emissions using the probability distributions of the EIRP of the return link for each of the mobile platforms; determining an aggregate off-axis EIRP density envelope for a predetermined probability level and the probability distribution of the EIRP for the aggregate return link emissions.

Abstract: Integrated seat units for aircraft. The systems take all incoming signals that will be used by a passenger sitting in an aircraft seat and route the signals to receivers that the passenger can access. The signals may be routed over the aircraft bus in a wireline or wireless environment.

Abstract: A system for bi-directional data content transfer between a plurality of mobile platforms, such as aircraft or cruise ships, and a ground-based control segment. The system includes the ground-based control segment, a space segment and a mobile system disposed on each mobile platform. The ground-based control segment includes an antenna which is used to transmit encoded RF signals representative of data content to the space segment. The space segment includes a plurality of satellite transponders, with one of the transponders being designated by the ground-based control segment to transpond the encoded RF signals to the mobile system. The mobile system includes steerable receive and transmit antennas. The receive antenna receives the encoded RF signals from the satellite transponder, which are thereafter decoded by a communications subsystem and transmitted to a server. The server filters off that data content not requested by any occupants on the mobile system.

Abstract: Airborne units (2) acquire images as electronic signals either directly or indirectly from first ground based units (2a) and transmit them by broad band radio to second ground based units (3, 4), either directly or indirectly via second airborne units (1), which units (3, 4) record the received image signals for a period of time sufficient to permit a section of the received image to be selected by narrow bandwidth means (5, 6).

Abstract: A configuration comprising a plurality of individual seat apparatuses which output operation signals from operation switches for flight attendant call and for reading, the first and the second lights for flight attendant call and for reading, first distributors for outputting light control information which corresponds to an operation signal from each of said operation switches, first and second driving apparatuses that drive said first and second lights and second distributors for distributing light signals for flight attendant call or for reading to the driving apparatuses in response to the light control information from said first distributors.

Abstract: A vehicle entertainment control system having back-channel capabilities to provide an interactive feature for capturing, collecting, and storing passenger response data. In one embodiment, the system includes a system control unit for controlling the devices in the system. The system also includes a back-channel server unit that provides the interactive content to the passengers over the system, capturing and collecting passenger response data via the back-channel. The interactive feature includes display units located throughout a cabin of a vehicle for displaying questions, and a control unit at the passengers' seats. The questions displayed on the display units and the passenger response data are synchronized, and the passenger response data is collected by the server unit. The back-channel is a bi-directional bus that allows passengers to provide passenger response data using the control unit. The back-channel also allows passengers to select and control audio channels and adjust the volume.

Abstract: An aircraft data management system provides a passenger seated on the aircraft with a number of entertainment and productivity enhancing options. Such options include, without limitation, video, audio, internet, airplane systems data and power. Located proximate to each seat group is an integrated seat box that includes a network interface card that identifies a requesting passenger for proper directing of the required data and/or power from devices that interface with a network controller back to the requesting passenger. Both on-aircraft and off-aircraft devices may be accessed by the system. While particularly drawn to aircraft, the data management system is also applicable to other venues have identifiable seating locations such as buses, passenger ships, hotels and auditoriums.

Abstract: A satellite television system that provides live television programming to passengers by integrating direct broadcast satellite services into an in-flight aircraft entertainment system. The system has an antenna disposed on the aircraft that is pointed at a plurality of satellites that are part of a direct broadcast satellite system. The antenna is controlled by an antenna controller and antenna interface unit that send control signals and process status signals to steer the antenna. The antenna is steered to lock it onto RF signals transmitted by the satellites. The antenna interface unit downconverts the received encoded RF signals to provide encoded left hand circularly polarized RF signals and right hand circularly polarized RF signals that contain different sets of television channels. The downconverted encoded RF signals are processed by a receiver to provide encoded video and audio signals of different television channels. The receiver does not decode or D/A convert the downconverted signals.

Abstract: An aircraft entertainment system employing a hybrid video distribution system that permits distribution of direct broadcast satellite television programming to passengers of the aircraft. The aircraft entertainment system has a video control center 11, a plurality of groups of set display units 40, and a plurality of audio and video processors 20 that control routing of programming to each seat display unit. A plurality of seat junction boxes 30 may be interposed between the audio and video processors 20 and the groups of seat display units 40. An antenna 12 is receives programming from a satellite, and a splitter 13 generates a plurality of channels of programming received by the antenna 12. A decoder 14 decodes the channels to provide video and audio signals, and an RF modulator 16 modulates the decoded audio and video signals for distribution.