Abstract: The invention concerns bronze-based sintered contact components for use as slide components such as clutches and brakes and is intended to provide a sintered component comprising hard particles admixed with and finely and uniformly distributed in a Cu-Sn alloy matrix to provide improved friction coeffiient, and in which the disperesed hard particls are inhibited from coming off the Cu-Sn alloy matrix during contact movement so that the sintered omponent is possessed of good friction contact chracteristics and improved mechanical properties. A sintered contact component comprising Sn, and iron-based intermetallic compound as a hard particle ingredient, and a solid lubricating ingredient which have been passed through the process of mechanical alloying, mechanical grinding or pelletizing, the Sn, iron-based intermetallic compound, and solid lubricating ingredient being uniformly dispersed in a Cu matrix.

Abstract: Alloy powder which is low in price and is unlikely to be oxidized on the surface, and a dispersion-type conductor using the alloy powder in which electromigration is not likely to occur. Melt of copper and silver is cooled at a high cooling speed of 10.sup.5 .degree. C./s or higher. Alloy powder having a composition expressed by a chemical formula Cu.sub.x Ag.sub.1-x (where 0.80.ltoreq.X.ltoreq.0.99) is obtained. Also, a dispersion-type conductor is produced by dispersing 100 parts by weight of the alloy powder in between 5-100 parts by weight of a binder. Thus, the low-priced alloy powder and the dispersion-type conductor of high quality and high reliability can be obtained.

Abstract: A circuit card assembly thermal core includes a composite material that includes particles of diamond and a conductive metal such as aluminum, copper, nickel and beryllium and which may be made by pressure infiltration casting. The diamond particles are 110 to 160 microns in size and 10 to 80 percent by volume, and preferably 140 to 160 microns in size and 40 to 60 percent by volume. The composite material has both a high thermal conductivity and low density which may be matched with the coefficient of thermal expansion of other materials with which used.

Abstract: A method of producing a molded ceramic article comprises the first step mixing powdery raw materials and a liquid additive, thereby obtaining a mixed raw material, the second step press-molding the mixed raw material obtained in the first step in a hydrostatically applied condition of pressure, thereby removing an excess of the liquid additive to obtain a preform, and the third step calcining the preform obtained in the second step to obtain a molded ceramic article. The molded ceramic article comprises, as a principal component, copper and, as essential components, Cr and Ni within composition ranges of 0.1.ltoreq.Cr<2 wt. % and 0.1.ltoreq.Ni<10 wt. % and further at least one additive component selected from the group consisting of the following composition ratios: the following composition ratios: 0<Fe<5 wt. %, 0.ltoreq.Co<5 wt. %, 0.ltoreq.Al<10 wt. % 0.ltoreq.Ti<20 wt. %, 0.ltoreq.Mo<3 wt. %, 0.ltoreq.Si<3 wt. % 0.ltoreq.V<3 wt. % 0.ltoreq.Mg<1 wt. % and 0.ltoreq.

Abstract: A dimensionally stable hydride composition and a method for making such a composition. The composition is made by forming particles of a metal hydride into porous granules, mixing the granules with a matrix material, forming the mixture into pellets, and sintering the pellets in the absence of oxygen. The ratio of matrix material to hydride is preferably between approximately 2:1 and 4:1 by volume. The porous structure of the granules accommodates the expansion that occurs when the metal hydride particles absorb hydrogen. The porous matrix allows the flow of hydrogen therethrough to contact the hydride particles, yet supports the granules and contains the hydride fines that result from repeated absorption/desorption cycles.

Abstract: A method of embrittling cleaned steel particles is described, followed by a grinding and sorting operation. Depending on the initial carbon content of the steel scrap, a reducing and carbon-containing atmosphere may be provided to carburize the particles as they are being embrittled. A quenching operation is provided at the end of the process to embrittle the particles and before the particles are ground. The ground grit which is produced may then be sorted by size and used as an abrasive compound, or, alternatively may be further ground and annealed in a subsequent operation to provide suitable powder for forming sintered parts. Prior to annealing the grit may be further ground in a partial oxidizing atmosphere to preoxidize the powder, in order to provide oxygen directly within the powder to react with any residual carbon so that the carbon monoxide gas can be formed and the powder can be substantially free of both carbon and oxides when the reaction is complete.

Abstract: A dispersion-strengthened copper alloy is disclosed having an exceptional combination of strength, ductility, and thermal conductivity. The copper alloy comprises: copper, 0.01 to 2.0 weight % boron and 0.1 to 6.0 weight % cobalt, and cobalt-boride disperoids that range in size between 0.025 and 0.25 microns in diameter. A copper alloy is made by rapid solidification of the melt into a powder. Strong, thermally conductive articles can be made by compacting the powder at temperatures below the melting temperature of the copper alloy.

Abstract: In particular for contacts in low-voltage switches, the contact material consists of silver and further active components. In accordance with the invention, there are present as active components, in combination, iron oxide (Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 /Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4) in a proportion of between 1 and 50% by weight and at least one oxide of a further chemical element in a proportion of between 0.01 and 5% by weight. In particular, contact materials of the constitution AgFe.sub.2 O.sub.3 ReO.sub.2 and AgFe.sub.2 O.sub.3 ZrO.sub.2 have proven suitable in practice. The manufacture of the material and fabricating of the contacts can be effected by methods of powder metallurgy with the inclusion of molding or extrusion technique.

Abstract: A contacts material for a vacuum valve including an arc-proof constituent having at least one component selected from the group consisting of tantalum, niobium, tungsten and molybdenum and an auxiliary constituent having at least one component selected from the group consisting of chromium, titanium, yttrium, zirconium, cobalt and vanadium. The contact material further includes a conductive constituent having at least one component selected from the group consisting of copper and silver. The amount of the arc-proof constituent is from 25% to 75% by volume. The total amount of the arc-proof constituent together with the auxiliary constituent is no more than 75% by volume. The amount of the conductive constituent is the balance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a manufacturing process of an alloy material comprising a chromium component and a base component which comprises at least one element selected from tile group consisting of copper and silver, the manufacturing process comprising steps of: subjecting a chromium material with a carbon material to heat treatment; and manufacturing the alloy material using the chromium material treated at the heat treatment subjecting step and a raw material for tile base component. At the heat treatment subjecting step, the chromium material, mixed with 50 ppm to 5,000 ppm of the carbon material, is heated to a temperature within the range of 800.degree. C. to 1,400.degree. C. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. According to this manufacturing process, the level of oxygen content in the alloy material are decreased to be not more than 200 ppm. The obtained alloy material can be used as a contact material for vacuum circuit breakers.

Abstract: A semifinished product for electric contact made from a composite material based on silver-tin oxide is described as well as a powder-metallurgical process of making said product. The structure of the semifinished products contains regions which contain no metal oxide or very little metal oxide in alternation with regions which contain the entire metal oxide component or a greatly predominating/share thereof in a fine division.

Abstract: Disclosed is a contact material for vacuum circuit breakers and a manufacturing process thereof. The contact material includes a copper component, a chromium component and a bismuth component, and has a metallographic structure comprising: a first phase including the copper component and the bismuth component; and a second phase including the chromium component and interposed among the first phase. In this structure, the boundary surface between the first phase and the second phase appears in a structural cross section of the alloy composition as a substantially smooth boundary line, such that when a segment of the boundary line is defined by two arbitrary points which lie on the boundary line at a straight distance of 10 .mu.m, the ratio of the length of the segment to the straight distance of 10 .mu.m lies within a range of approximately 1.0 to 1.4.

Abstract: The present invention is an isothermal current shunt device with excellent temperature coefficient of resistivity characteristics stability for use in a power measuring circuit having a wide temperature and dynamic range and particularly for customers of electric utility companies, and it includes a first arm having a first flange portion, a second arm having a second flange portion, and a bridge means coupling the first arm to the second arm wherein the bridge means is a monolithic sintered powdered-metal piece having a block portion and a loop portion. The block portion has a first face juxtaposed to and electrically coupled to the first flange portion of the first arm and a second opposing face juxtaposed to and electrically coupled to the second flange portion of the second arm. This configuration allows a majority of electrical current to conduct between the first arm and the second arm.

Abstract: A novel metal filled via composition for use with ceramics. The via composition can be formulated to have a volume shrinkage approximating that of the ceramic material, and thus overcomes the problem of volume shrinkage mismatch between the via (particularly copper filled via) and ceramic upon sintering. The novel via composition exhibits enhanced adhesion to the ceramic. A sintering process by which shrinkage of the novel via composition is controlled and adhesion is improved is also disclosed.

Abstract: A Cu-Pb system composite bearing has three layers including a backing metal, a bearing alloy layer formed on the backing metal, and an overlay formed on the bearing alloy layer. The Cu-Pb bearing alloy contains 2 to 10% Ni and 0.05 to 1.0% B. An example of the composition of the Cu-Pb system bearing alloy consists of 0.5 to 8% Sn, 15 to 30% Pb, 0.2% or less P, 2 to 10% Ni, 0.05 to 1.0% B and the balance of Cu and unavoidable impurities. The Cu-Pb bearing alloy must have a hardness over HV80. Ni and B contained in the bearing alloy decrease the affinity of the Cu-Pb bearing alloy for tin in the overlay of a tin-containing lead alloy. The corrosion resistance of the bearing is improved by plating the both surfaces of the composite bearing with Sn, Pb or an alloy thereof.

Abstract: The Cu-based sintered sliding materials contain: 1-10% of graphite, MoS.sub.2 and/or WS.sub.2 ; 1-30% of hard matter selected from (a) and (b); and, 0.1-15% of Sn. The sliding materials have improved seizure resistance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance.The hard matter:(a) Fe.sub.2 P, Fe.sub.3 P, FeB, Fe.sub.2 B, Mo, Co-based self fluxing alloy and Ni-based self fluxing alloy and(b) Fe-Cr, Fe-Mn, Fe-Ni, Fe-Si, Fe-W, Fe-Mo, Fe-V, Fe-Ti, Fe-Nb, CuP, Cr, and W.

Abstract: Sintered iron alloy composition and method of manufacturing the same, the sintered alloy composition comprising: about 1.5 to about 2.5% carbon by weight; about 0.5 to about 0.9% manganese by weight; about 0.1 to about 0.2% sulfur by weight; about 1.9 to about 2.5% chromium by weight; about 0.15 to about 0.3% molybdenum by weight; about 2 to about 6% copper by weight; not more than about 0.3% by weight of a metal element material comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of tungsten and vanadium; an effective content of a first solid lubricant material comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of magnesium metasilicate minerals and magnesium orthosilicate minerals; and balance iron. This alloy composition is preferably used for making machine parts, such as slide members of valve operating systems for internal combustion engines.

Abstract: A copper powder-free friction material which is made by sintering and intended for friction surfaces of couplings or brakes contains powdery and/or granular metallic and non-metallic components, at least 50% by weight of the non-ferrous heavy metal component being brass powder.

Abstract: A Cu--Sn based sintered material, which has an improved corrosion-resistance, is provided by setting the Pb content at 1 to less than 10% and adding from 0.1 to 30% of a hard matter(s) selected from the groups (a), (b), (c) and (d). The hard matter is(a) Fe.sub.2 P, Fe.sub.3 P, FeB, Fe.sub.2 B and Mo.(b) Fe--Cr, Fe--Mn, Fe--Ni, Fe--Si, Fe--W, Fe--Mo, Fe--V, Fe--Ti, Fe--Nb, CuP, Cr, and W;(c) SiC, TiC, WC, B.sub.4 C, TiN, cubic BN, Si.sub.3 N.sub.4, SiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ;(d) Si--Mn, Cu--Si, and FeS.Most of said hard matter being dispersed in Cu particles, grain boundaries between Cu particles, and between the Cu and Pb particles.

Abstract: A Cu-Sn based sintered material, having an improved wear-resistance is obtained by adding from 0.1 to 30% of at least one hard matter(s) selected from the groups consisting of (a), (b), and (c) wherein (a), (b) and (c) are:(a) Fe.sub.2 P, Fe.sub.3 P, FeB, Fe.sub.2 B, Mo, Co, Co-based self-fluxing alloy, and Ni-based self-fluxing alloy;(b) SiC, TiC, WC, B.sub.4 C, TiN, cubic BN, Si.sub.3 N.sub.4, SiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ; and(c) Si-Mn, Cu-Si, and FeS.

Abstract: A powder metallurgy material for use in the manufacture of electrical contacts and having enhanced cold workability consists essentially, by weight percent, of 5 to 20% tin oxide, 2000 to 5000 ppm, preferably 2000 to less than 4000 ppm copper, 20 to 200 ppm, preferably 20 to 100 ppm, lithium, balance silver. Such materials are produced by compacting the powdered components and heating to sinter the material to at least 93% of theoretical density. Such materials subsequently can be hot or cold worked to a form useful for the manufacture of electrical contacts.

Abstract: The sliding member of the invention comprises a steel backing and a sintered Cu-alloy layer mounted integrally on one surface of the backing metal, wherein the sintered Cu-alloy comprises 1 to 15% Sn, 1 to 20% Ni-B compound, 1% or less phosphorus, and the balance of Cu and impurities. Cu-alloy may further contain 1 to 30% Pb and/or 0.5 to 8% graphite. Pb and graphite provide the sliding alloy layer with good lubrication property. Preferably the Ni-B compound is used, which is composed of 7 to 15% B and the balance of Ni and impurities.

Abstract: In a contact material, there is present in addition to silver, at least one higher melting point metal, metal alloy or metal compound. According to the invention, the material contains in addition to silver (Ag), at least iron (Fe) and/or titanium (Ti) in percent by weight of from 2 to 50%. Optionally, nitrides, carbides and/or borides of the metals titanium, zirconium and/or tantalum may also e present. It has been found that in their contact property spectrum such materials are largely equivalent to the material AgNi10. Thus the latter contact material can be replaced completely.

Abstract: To produce CuCr contact materials, it is known to use purely powder-metallurgical, sinter impregnation and smelt-metallurgical processes. Only materials produced by smelt-metallurgical processes are suitable as contact materials for vacuum contactors based on copper-chromium. According to the invention, a contact material for vacuum contactors consisting essentially of copper (Cu) and chromium (Cr) in the proportion of 50 to 70% wt. Cu and 30 to 50% wt. Cr is manufactured by pressing and sintering a powdered mixture of the components until a closed porosity is attained and by subsequently cold working the sintered body. It has been possible to demonstrate that an intimate and faultless bonding of the components Cu and Cr is obtained by cold welding the structural constituents with this process as with smelting.

Abstract: The wear resistance and seizure resistance of the sliding material consisting of a metal backing, a Cu-based sintered layer, and resin and solid lubricant filled in the pores of the sintered layer are improved by determining the following features (a) multi-layer Cu particles; from 30 to 200 .mu.m of the diameter of the Cu particles; porosity of from 5 to 70% of the sintered layer; resin, MoS.sub.2 and graphite filled in the pores.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sintered alloy composition and method of manufacturing the same, the sintered alloy composition having a multi-phase structure, comprising: a first phase composed of aluminum and copper; and a second phase being dispersed in the first phase and composed of molybdenum, chromium, silicon and cobalt. This alloy composition has excellent abrasion and corrosion resistance, preferably to be used for making machine parts such as valve seats for engines.

Abstract: A silver base electrical contact material with superior resistance to arc erosion along with improved wear and welding resistance. The contact material consists essentially of 0.5 to 39.9 wt % of nickel, 0.14 to 7.0 wt % of nickel oxides, and balance silver. The material contains not less than, 0.4 wt % of nickel responsible for constituting minute nickel and nickel particles which have a particle size of not more than 1 .mu.m and are dispersed in a silver matrix for strengthening the material to give improved wear and welding resistance. The dispersed minute nickel oxide particles are included to stabilize arcing occurring at the time of opening and closing contacts in such a manner as to anchor one end of an arc substantially at any immediately available point over the entire contact surface as soon as the arcing occurs, thereby preventing the arc end from moving violently across or beyond the contact surface and therefore minimizing arc related damages or arc erosion.

Abstract: A ternary-alloy/glass composite suitable for use in vias in glass-ceramic electronic structures includes gold, palladium, and either platinum or silver in the alloy where the gold is less than 50% by weight of the alloy. The alloy is combined with glass frit where the glass is present as 5-50% by volume in the composition. The ternary-alloy glass composite is sintered in the glass-ceramic structure and provides a hermetic seal. Chips and pins can be bonded directly to the ternary-alloy/glass composite using a eutectic braze without causing cracks in the glass-ceramic. The ternary-alloy/glass composite has good adhesion with glass-ceramics and is useful in vias in electronic structures.

Abstract: A substrate material for mounting a semiconductor device thereon, comprises a skeleton prepared by liquid-phase presintering the composition of W and/or Mo powder in which Cu and/or Ag powder is uniformly dispersed, and a Cu and/or Ag phase infiltrated into the pores of the skeleton. The total amount of Cu and/or Ag in the product is adjusted to 10-50 vol. %. The substrate material is manufactured by two steps of: presintering the Cu and/or Ag-contng. powdery composition to form a porous skeleton, and infiltrating Cu and/or Ag into the pores of the skeleton. Since the skeleton contng. Cu and/or Ag exhibits an excellent affinity to molten Cu and/or Ag, the infiltration of molten Cu and/or Ag is performed uniformly into every nook and corner of the skeleton. Consequently, the obtained product is free from pores which would deteriorate a junction plane between the substrate and a semiconductor device mounted thereon.

Abstract: An Ag-Cu-WC contact forming material for a vacuum interrupter comprising a highly conductive component comprising Ag and Cu and an arc-proof component comprising WC wherein the content of the highly conductive component is such that the total amount of Ag and Cu(Ag+Cu) is from 25% to 65% by weight and the percentage of Ag based on the total amount of Ag and Cu[Ag/(Ag+Cu)] is from 40% to 80% by weight; wherein the content of the arc-proof component is from 35% to 75% by weight; wherein the structure of the highly conductive component comprises a matrix and a discontinuous phase, the discontinuous phase having a thickness or width of no more than 5 micrometers and wherein said arc-proof component comprises a discontinuous grain having a grain size of no more than 1 micrometer.

Abstract: Ceramic metal compositions are described that include a ceramic phase content of at least 60 percent by volume of said composition and a copper metal phase permeating the ceramic phase. The resulting composition is substantially fully densified, having a connected or isolated ceramic grain structure, preferably of fine B.sub.4 C grains of less than 3 micrometers. Flexure strength and fracture toughness for 80 volume percent B.sub.4 C-20 volume percent Cu cermets are 6.62 MPa.multidot.m1/2 and 725 MPa, respectively. The process of the invention includes as a key element, contacting a porous article of ceramic phase with copper metal followed by heating to above melting and subjecting said article to pressure of at least 200 MPa, such that the porous body is filled with metal and the composition is substantially fully densified.

Abstract: A laser padding material in accordance with the present invention comprises copper as its main component and at least one, as other contained elements, selected from the group consisting of 1-5 weight % of nickel (Ni), 0.2-5 weight % of silicon (Si), less than 1 weight % of boron (B), less than 2 weight % of phosphorus (P) and less than 3 weight % of manganese (Mn), whereby there can be easily formed at a high speed a padded layer which is high both in sliding friction resistance and in quality.In accordance with a laser padding method of the present invention, since material powder having such a composition as mentioned above is blown onto a metal base material and at the same time a laser beam is irradiated thereon in an inert gas atmosphere to thereby melt the material powder and form a padded layer, there can be easily formed at a high speed a padded layer which is high both in sliding friction resistance and in quality.

Abstract: A sintered material resistant to heat and mechanical strain, particularly to impact and friction, for the production of molded articles, made of a matrix metal powder having approximately 70 to 100% by weight of a copper component and approximately 0 to 30% by weight of an alloy component of cobalt, chromium, iron, manganese, nickel, tungsten and/or carbon. In another embodiment, the sintered material may also include an additional high-alloy metal powder admixed as a hard phase to the matrix metal powder. The additional high-alloy metal powder is present in the amount of a maximum 30% by weight, with respect to the sum of the matrix metal powder and high-alloy metal powder. The sintered material is especially suitable for heat- and wear-resistant molded articles for use in high gas environments, for example, in internal combustion engines. For example, guides, bearings, and valve elements may be made of this material and especially valve seat rings.

Abstract: A thermally conductive diamond metal composite consisting essentially of 5 to 80 volume percent diamond particles having a particle size ranging from about 1 to 50 .mu.m and a metal matrix comprising a thermally conductive metal. Preferably, a fine metal powder having particle size below 53 microns is utilized as the source for the metal matrix.

Abstract: This invention relates to substantially full-dense, near-net shape bodies made of dispersion strengthened copper (D.S.C.) powder and products which are cold formed and/or machined from these bodies, such as resistance welding electrodes. The invention includes processes for manufacturing substantially full-dense, near-net shape, substantially equiaxed bodies from D.S.C. powder.

Abstract: A sintered electric contact material for use in vacuum switch tubes comprises about 50 to 70% by volume of a Cr powder, about 0.1 to 1.15% by volume of a Ti powder, and the remainder of a Cu powder. The sintered material can be obtained advantageously by heating a mixture of the Cr powder, the Ti powder and the Cu powder in a non-oxidizing atmosphere under pressure, at a temperature below the melting point of Cu (the melting point is 1083.degree. C. at normal pressure).

Abstract: The subject of this invention is the development of new alloys along with new processing approaches for the utilization of the alloys. A particular class of alloys comprises at least one noble metal selected from the group comprising gold, palladium, silver and copper and an amount of between about 0.20 weight percent and about 0.80 weight percent of at least one metalloid selected from the group of metalloids consisting of boron, phosphorous, silicon and lithium. Rapid solidification technology in powder fabrication and the addition of metalloids have been combined to produce a new class of palladium based alloys. The metalloid additions greatly increase the hardness, enhance the fine grain structure and aid sintering densification. Net-shape forming is a benefit derived from the characteristics of the new alloys.

Abstract: A copper-tungsten mixture net-shaped product produced using powder metallurgical techniques with injection molding and liquid phase sintering. The product has a very low leak rate in helium gas, a high thermal conductivity and a rate of thermal expansion which is substantially the same as some glass and ceramic materials.

Abstract: A meterial well-suited for gold fillings in tooth cavities consists of a porous sintered compact which is prepared from platelet-shaped gold powder produced by chemical precipitation and which exhibits a pore volume of 80 to 90%.

Abstract: A wrought metal liner for a shaped charge device having a ductile metal matrix and a discrete second phase is provided. The alloy composition is selected so the second phase is molten when the liner is accelerated following detonation. The molten phase reduces the tensile strength of the matrix so the liner slug is pulverized on striking a well casing. The slug does not penetrate the hole perforated in the well casing by the liner jet and the oil flow into the well bore is not impeded.

Abstract: Disclosed is herein a process for producing a molding product of Al or Cu composite material, which comprises admixing a functional material capable of improving the desired property of the composite material by dispersion into a matrix to a powder of metal selected from Al, Cu or alloys thereof constituting the matrix, charging the dust directly into a molding die, applying cold dust core molding under the pressure of greater than 5 t/cm.sup.2 of facial pressure and applying a diffusing treatment at a temperature higher than 300.degree. C.

Abstract: The sintered sliding material according to the present invention consists of from 0.1 to 10% by of graphite, from 1 to 7% by of alumina, and balance of copper, and occasionally at least one member selected from the group consisting of from 1 to 10% of Sn and from 1 to 30% of Pb, and/or not more than 1% of P, and includes the alumina dispersed in the copper matrix. The alumina is held by the copper matrix so that the particles of alumina are not separated from the material during sliding under a boundary lubricating condition.

Abstract: Metallization compositions utilizing a (1) relatively refractory flake product, e.g. flake-shaped powder of stainless steel, in combination with (2) a conductive metal such as silver which, upon being fired to melting, is held in the flake type matrix providing an excellent and inexpensive conductor. Termination compounds will comprise ceramic-adhesive frits. Body electrodes will usually comprise organic binders readily removable by thermal oxidation.

Abstract: A wear-resistant copper-base sintered oil-containing bearing material having a structure which contains 2 to 11 % by weight of tin and 1 to 20 % by weight of cobalt and further includes 2 to 15 % by weight of at least one of molybdenum disulfide, graphite and lead serving as solid lubricants. Disperesed throughout that structure is cobalt at an average particle size equal to or less than 20 .mu.m.

Abstract: Sintered composite material containing 80% to 95% weight of copper, 2% to 15% weight of nickel and 2% to 5% weight of graphite, designed for the manufacture of electrical contact pads for low voltage switchgear devices. The copper powder can be of a spongy form having an average diameter of less than 24 .mu.m, an oxygen content of lower than 2000 ppm and a purity in metallic elements of 99.5%. The graphite powder can be of pellicular form, having particles about 100 .mu.m in length and 20 .mu.m in thickness, and an ash content of less than 0.2 ppm. The nickel powder can be of a spheroid shape having an average diameter of less than 5 .mu.m.

Abstract: A process of hot pressing of materials to form articles or compacts is characterized by the steps: (A) providing a compactable particulate mixture; (B) uniaxially pressing the particles without heating to provide article or compact (22); (C) placing at least one article or compact (22) in an open pan (31) having an insertable frame (32) with edge surfaces (34) that are not significantly pressure deformable, where the inside side surfaces of the frame are parallel to the central axis B--B of the open pan, and where each article or compact is surrounded by fine particles of a separating material; (D) evacuating air from the container and sealing the articles or compacts inside the container by means of top lid (36); (E) hot pressing the compacts at a pressure from 352.5 kg/cm.sup.2 to 3,172 kg/cm.sup.

Abstract: An electrical contact material consists of Ag in which a metallic oxide is produced and dispersed through an internal oxidation and containing as metallic elements Cd, Mn and Al. With this contact material of this composition, there can be shown a high anti-welding property and a stably low contact resistance.

Abstract: Cermet electrode compositions comprising NiO-NiFe.sub.2 O.sub.4 -Cu-Ni, and methods for making, are disclosed. Addition of nickel metal prior to formation and densification of a base mixture into the cermet allows for an increase in the total amount of copper and nickel that can be contained in the NiO-NiFe.sub.2 O.sub.4 oxide system. Nickel is present in a base mixture weight concentration of from 0.1% to 10%. Copper is present in the alloy phase in a weight concentration of from 10% to 30% of the densified composition. Such cermet electrodes can be formed to have electrical conductivities well in excess of 100 ohm.sup.-1 cm.sup.-1. Other alloy and oxide system cermets having high content metal phases are also expected to be manufacturable in accordance with the invention.

Abstract: Sintered copper friction facing suitable for operation in oil and quieter in operation than current facing of this type has a void volume not less than 30% of the total volume. It can be made by employing, as the copper to form the facing matrix, copper powder which is in dendritic form and of apparent density not greater than 1.3 gram/cm.sup.3.

Abstract: Cermet electrode compositions and methods for making are disclosed which comprise NiO--NiFe.sub.2 O.sub.4 --Cu--Ni. Addition of an effective amount of a metallic catalyst/reactant to a composition of a nickel/iron/oxide, NiO, copper, and nickel produces a stable electrode having significantly increased electrical conductivity. The metallic catalyst functions to disperse the copper and nickel as an alloy continuously throughout the oxide phase of the cermet to render the electrode compositon more highly electrically conductive than were the third metal not present in the base composition. The third metal is preferably added to the base composition as elemental metal and includes aluminum, magnesium, sodium and gallium. The elemental metal is converted to a metal oxide during the sintering process.