Abstract: Improved casting powders and improved casting slags enable production of steels having high aluminum contents of greater than or equal to 1% by weight and, in some cases, high manganese content of greater than or equal to 15% by weight. In some examples, such steels may also or alternatively include greater than or equal to 0.2% by weight titanium. The casting slag may result from a casting powder that comprises CaO and Al2O3 components essentially in the form of prefused calcium aluminate. Methods for casting steel, including methods for continuously casting steel, are also disclosed based on the use of the disclosed casting powders or casting slags.

Abstract: An agent for desulfurizing and/or for pre-desulfurizing, in particular for desulfurizing and/or pre-desulfurizing molten pig iron or molten steel, contains calcium oxide and bitumen.

Abstract: The invention relates to a synthetic slag forming briquette encased in an aluminum shell. The briquette may include a deoxidizing agent, calcium oxide, calcium fluoride, calcium aluminate, magnesia, or dolomitic lime, or combinations thereof. The deoxidizing agent may include calcium carbide, powdered aluminum or magnesium, or combinations thereof. The aluminum shell may be formed from molten aluminum, or aluminum sheet or foil.

Abstract: A method of producing a fluxing agent that can be used in production of steel, preferably stainless steel, employs as a raw material a hydroxide sludge that results from neutralization of metal-contaminated pickling liquid from a pickling step for a steel and contains at least one fluoride-containing compound. The hydroxide sludge is calcined. Steel, preferably stainless steel, is produced by decarburizing a steel heat, whereby a slag is formed on top of the steel heat, and adding a fluxing agent to the slag.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to make it possible to produce a copper alloy in which the S content is reduced with no contamination with Al, which has a good casting surface and good internal properties and in which eutectic compounds are refined. The invention relates to a slag for electroslag remelting for copper alloy, including CaF2: 20 to 45% by mass, CaO: 10 to 30% by mass, SiO2: 10 to 30% by mass, LiF: 10 to 20% by mass, and ZrO2: 5 to 15% by mass with other impurities: at most 1% by mass, and satisfying a formula: 17.0(LiF content+ZrO2 content)?556?CaF2 content?4.1(LiF content+ZrO2 content)?80.9, and the invention relates to a method for producing a copper alloy with the slag.

Abstract: A composition for releasing sodium or strontium or both into molten aluminium or aluminium-based alloy. The composition is formed by fusing a mixture comprising at least two salts, at least one of the salts having sodium as a cation and/or at least one of the salts having strontium as a cation, at least one of the salts having carbonate as an anion and at least one of the salts having a halide as an anion. The composition may be employed as a modifying flux for altering the microstructure of aluminium and aluminium alloy.

Abstract: A powder product for the protection of centrifugal casting molds for cast iron pipes includes an inoculating metal alloy and possibly mineral powders, and a strongly reducing metal that is volatile at the temperature of the liquid cast iron. The use of products according to the invention prevents accumulation of dirt on molds and improves the surface condition of the cast iron pipes.

Abstract: A molten aluminum alloy processing method is intended use sludge produced by the zinc phosphate treatment of structures including those of aluminum alloys effectively as a flux for molten aluminum alloy processing. The flux contains 3 to 30% by mass fluorine-equivalent metal fluorides, 40 to 90% by mass metal phosphates (8 to 18% by mass P) and 50% by mass or below inorganic salts. The sum of contents of the inorganic salts and metal phosphates is 90% by mass or below.

Abstract: A molten aluminum alloy processing method is intended use sludge produced by the zinc phosphate treatment of sructures including those of aluminum alloys effectively as a flux for molten aluminum alloy processing. The flux contains 3 to 30% by mass fluorine-equivalent metal fluorides, 40 to 90% by mass metal phosphates (8 to 18% by mass P) and 50% by mass or below inorganic salts. The sum of contents of the inorganic salts and metal phosphates is 90% by mass or below.

Abstract: A salt flux composition comprising a high purity salt and additives is used in the recycle of scrap aluminum to increase the recovery of aluminum. The additives include an alkaline agent and a fluoride source.

Abstract: A particulate carrier material for use with particulate passivated magnesium for injection into molten iron to desulfurize the iron, improve characteristics of the slag and increase iron yield. Material flow of a transport gas and the carrier material is established in a lance prior to inserting the lance into a ladle-contained molten iron, then following insertion the passivated magnesium is added to the material flow. A second embodiment of the invention for iron desulfurization, blends the carrier material and passivated magnesium into a single desulfurization agent. In both embodiments the particulate magnesium is 14-20 mesh with the remaining particulate material being about 200 mesh. The composition of the carrier material is 54-74% calcium oxide, 19-32% aluminum oxide, no more than 4% magnesium oxide, no more than 10% calcium fluoride, no more than 2.5% silicon dioxide, no more than 1.0% iron oxide, no more than 0.025% phosphorus pentoxide, no more than 0.025% titanium dioxide, no more than 0.

Abstract: The invention provides a new and improved process and exothermic reaction mixture for producing molten weld metal. The molten weld metal is used in joining one metallic piece with at least one other metallic piece. The process and exothermic reaction mixture have distinct advantages over the prior art. These advantages include a higher filler metal yield, an increased tensile strength, and a higher quality corrosion resistant weld. These advantages are accomplished by a process wherein a reactant mixture is provided which has a reducing agent, a metallic compound, and at least two filler metals that at least in part do not chemically react with the metallic compound, one of which is aluminum. The metallic compound subsequently forms, with the reducing agent, having a high heat of formation which provides an exothermic reaction with sufficient heat to melt the filler metals.

Abstract: Two methods of producing a ceramic reinforced Al-alloy metal-matrix composite are described. The first one comprises the steps of dispersing a ceramic phase (of titanium diboride) in a liquid aluminum or aluminum alloy, mixing the ceramic phase with a cryolite or other fluoride flux powder and melting the mixture together with the aluminum or aluminum alloy phase at a temperature of between 700° and 1000° C. In the second method, the fluoride flux is reduced in situ by either molten aluminum or its alloying elements (Mg, Ca) to yield TiB2 crystallites of different size and size distribution that can be predetermined by fixing the flux and alloy composition and the processing temperature.

Abstract: A salt flux composition comprising a high purity salt and additives is used in the recycle of scrap aluminum to increase the recovery of aluminum. The additives include an alkaline agent and a fluoride source.

Abstract: A salt flux composition comprising a high purity salt and additives is used in the recycle of scrap aluminum to increase the recovery of aluminum. The additives include an alkaline agent and a fluoride source.

Abstract: A mold powder for continuous steel casting, contains CaO, SiO.sub.2 and fluoride as the main components. The ratio by weight of CaO', represented by the following equation, to SiO.sub.2 is 0.9-2.8 and the CaF.sub.2 content is about 5-60 wt. %. The powder contains Na.sub.2 O in an amount of 0-25 wt. % and C in an amount of 0-10 wt. %.CaO'=T.CaO-F.times.(56/38)wherein T.CaO represents the total Ca content in the mold powder as converted to CaO(wt. %) and F represents the total F content in the mold powder(wt. %). The powder is used in a method for continuous steel casting.

Abstract: A method of producing coated powder material is provided. In the method, molten metal or metal alloy is caused to fall in a stream (3) and is then atomized into a spray. A liquid or solid material of different composition is introduced and caused to contact the stream or spray so that a coating is formed over all or part of the surface of the atomized droplets. The coating may be the introduced material or a reaction product.

Abstract: A salt flux composition comprising a standard purity salt and additives is used in the recycle of scrap aluminum to increase the recovery of aluminum. The additives include a carbon source, an alkaline agent and a fluoride source.

Abstract: A molten metal is subjected to a refining under a reduced pressure of vacuum or a low oxygen partial pressure atmosphere, and subsequently heated by means of inert gas plasma to re-refine. The metals to be processed are stainless steels, Ni-base alloys, Fe--Ni system alloys, electromagnetic steels, medium carbon structural steels having low nitrogen and low sulfur, and high carbon alloy tool-steels whose carbon, oxygen and/or sulfur content is strictly limited. In re-refining, any one of CaO and CaF.sub.2, CaO and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, and CaO, CaF.sub.2 and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 is used. For example, an Fe--Ni system alloy having 0.01% carbon and sulfur 0.005% can be produced.

Abstract: A mold powder for use in continuous casting, containing specified amounts of CaO, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, Li.sub.2 O, BaO, MgO, F and Na.sub.2 O, and further containing at least one of BN and C as aggregate. The mold powder, when used in continuous casting of a steel rich in strong reducing metal elements such as Al, Ti, REM and so forth, remarkably suppresses generation of deterioration in the surface quality of the slab and break out of the slab which are attributable inferior lubrication.

Abstract: This invention relates to the refining of steel external to a primary steelmaking vessel, for example in the ladle. More particularly, it is: A.) a method of synthesizing a slag on the steel that (i) mitigates the detrimental effects of existing natural slag carried over from the primary steelmaking vessel, (ii) is low in specific bulk density, due to gas evolution and foaming, (iii) is suitable for refining of steel, and (iv) is not aggressive to the ladle refractory lining; B.) a method, and composition for treating any primary slag that has entered the ladle; C.) a method and composition for coating refractory linings. The present invention involves the manufacture in situ of a secondary ladle slag, the treating of ladle slag, and the protection of refractory linings by the addition of materials including calcium carbide, foaming agents such as one or more carbonates of calcium, magnesium, and sodium, and other components used to adjust slag composition.

Abstract: Recontaminating cast iron by contacting it with a molten flux consisting essentially of silicon dioxide and calcium fluoride.

Abstract: A mold additive suitable for use in a mold for continuous casting of steel which comprises, as its base material, at least 50% by weight of synthetic calcium silicate which contains CaO and SiO.sub.2 in a total amount not less than 70% by weight, and whose CaO/SiO.sub.2 ratio is not lower than 1.20. A mold additive of low bulk density and superior in heat insulation can be obtained and its CaO/SiO.sub.2 ratio can be widely adjusted.

Abstract: The desulfurization agent for molten iron is made up of 70 to 95% commercial calcium carbide, 5 to 25% silicon dioxide, 0 to 10% of a metal oxide; and 0 to 5% calcium fluoride. The metal oxides are iron oxides and manganese oxides. The desulfurizing agent has been found to reduce the amount of calcium carbide in the resulting slag.

Abstract: Hexafluorophosphates may be used as structure refiner during solidification of molten aluminium-silicon alloys. The structure refining effect is obtained almost immediately after addition of the hexafluorophosphate to the molten alloy. The hexafluorophosphates are preferably used in the form of a master composition wherein as diluents metals are used, especially copper.

Abstract: The desulfurization agent for molten iron is made up of 95 to 70% commercial calcium carbide, 30 to 5% calcium aluminate slag, and 10 to 0% of a metal oxide. The calcium aluminate slag is made up of 65 to 50% calcium oxide, 35 to 25% aluminum oxide, and 12 to 3% calcium fluoride. The metal oxides are ferric oxide, manganomanganic oxide and ferrosoferric oxide. The desulfurizing agent has been found to reduce the amount of calcium carbide in the resulting slag.