Abstract: This invention relates to improved methods and compositions to enhance stain resistance of carpet fiber. The improved methods relate to a continuous aftertreatment for dyed carpet fabric and to two-step processes, either batch-batch, batch-continuous or continuous-continuous. The improved compositions are used in the processes to enhance stain resistance of carpet or carpet fiber and to overcome various prior drawbacks, such as, yellowing, oxidation and durability to cleaning. The sulfonated aromatic condensates are used to enhance stain resistance, and can be combined with fluorocarbon compounds for soil resistance, thiocyanates, and/or salts having divalent cations, such as magnesium sulfate. Also various dispersing agents, buffering acids and sequestering agents are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions to impart coffee stain resistance to polyamide textile substrate such as carpets. The compositions comprise either (i) a copolymer selected from the group consisting of a hydrolyzed aromatic-containing vinyl ether maleic anhydride copolymer, a half ester of an aromatic-containing vinyl ether maleic anhydride copolymer, and mixtures thereof, or (ii) an aromatic-containing acrylate copolymerized with an acid selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid and maleic acid. The coffee stain-resistant polyamide textile substrates made are also part of the invention.

Abstract: Aqueous dye formations which comprise:a) at least one water-insoluble or sparingly water-soluble dye,b) at least one sulfated polyadduct of an alkylphenol containing 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety with at least 20 mol of ethylene oxide or a sulfated polyadduct of a fatty alcohol with at least 20 mol of ethylene oxide,and, as additional optional components,c) a betain monohydrate, andd) an anionic dispersant of the general formula I ##STR1## wherein X is a direct bond or oxygen,A is hydrogen or the radical of an aromatic compound which is attached through a ring carbon atom to the methylene group,n and p are each independently of the other a value from 1 to 4, andM is a monovalent cation, and/or condensates of these compounds with formaldehyde, as well ase) further optional auxiliaries andf) water.Such formulations have very good storage stability in the temperature range from -10.degree. C. to +50.degree. C. and, in particular, have very good redispersibility after drying in the air.

Abstract: Aqueous dye preparations are described which contain 15-40% by weight of dyes, 3-18% by weight of an anionic dispersant of the formula (1), 1-10% by weight of sodium lactate, 1-10% by weight of glycerol and/or propylene glycol, 0.1-5% by weight of a compound having monomer units of the general formula (2), 3-10% by weight of betaine monohydrate, 0-4% by weight of a compound having monomer units of the general formula (3) and 0.1-15% by weight of customary auxiliaries; preparations of this type have a long shelf life, are highly redispersible and do not form sediments; they are suitable in particular for the continuous dyeing of polyester textile materials or mixtures thereof with cellulose textile materials.

Abstract: A composition suitable for use as dyeing or textile auxiliary and which comprises a mixture of acid esters of adducts of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with fatty alcohols having not less than 6 carbon atoms, at least one component of which composition is an acid ester of the formula ##STR1## wherein s is 3 to 10, p is 5 to 15,R is an aliphatic radical of not less than 6 carbon atoms; one of Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 is methyl and the other is hydrogen, andX is the acid radical of a low molecular aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, in particular maleic acid.This composition is used in particular as low foaming wetting agent and padding auxiliary for pretreating or dyeing cellulosic fibre materials.

Abstract: A mixture for the oxidative dyeing of human or animal hair, which is prepared immediately before application by mixing an oxidant and a dye base in cream, gel or powder form containing at least one oxidative dye and adjusting to a pH in the range of 8.0 to 10.5.The means contains in the freshly-prepared state a microencapsulated, acid-reacting compound in an amount which shifts the pH of the dye into the weakly alkaline (pH.ltoreq.8), neutral or acid range.The encapsulating material for the acid-reacting compound is soluble in the alkaline dye or changeable at least in its strength properties in the sense of a weakening, the wall thickness of the microcapsules being so adjusted that the walls are dissolved or weakened within a period between 10 and 60 minutes to such an extent that the acid-reacting compound is able by itself or upon the exertion of an additional mechanical stress to emerge into the dye.Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the means for the redyeing of dyed hair.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for providing dye leveling and stainblocking characteristics to fibers. The use of specified dye-leveling agents in accordance with the present invention allows the treated fibers to be contacted with an acid dye-stainblocker composition in a single step. The invention is particularly suitable for treating nylon, silk and wool fibers.

Abstract: A process for the pre-treatment of natural and regenerated cellulosic fibres and blends thereof with synthetic fibres for the purpose of subsequent transfer printing comprises applying to said fibres a composition comprising a mixture of hexamethoxymethyl melamine and a C.sub.4-8 glycol in the presence of water, and drying said fibres at a temperature below 180.degree. C.The above compositions per se, with or without water and polyvinyl chloride or polyvinylidene chloride polymer or copolymer emulsions or dispersions, are also claimed.

Abstract: Cloth is dyed using a reactive dye, an alkaline substance and a leveling agent. The leveling agent is one or more substances selected from the group consisting of phospholipids obtained from animals or plants, compounds having the formula I and compounds having the formula II: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 each denotes alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyalkyl, or M, with the proviso that both of R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 are not M simultaneously; R.sub.2 denotes alkylene having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; 1 and m each denote 0 or an integer of at least 1; and M denotes alkali metal or hydrogen, ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4 denotes alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyalkyl, straight chain, hydroxy-substituted alkenyloxy or branched chain, hydroxy-substituted alkenyloxy; X and Y each denote hydrogen, alkoxy, alkyl, or ##STR3## wherein M denotes alkali metal or hydrogen; and n denotes an integer of at least 1.

Abstract: Mixture of dyeing assistants containing(A) an acid ester, or salts thereof, of an alkylene oxide adduct of the formula ##STR1## in which V is hydrogen or methyl, X is the acid radical of an inorganic acid containing oxygen, or the radical of an organic acid and Y is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, aryl or aralkyl, "alkylene" is the ethylene or propylene radical and m is 1 to 3, m.sub.1 is 1 or 2 and n is 4 to 50,(B) a nonionic surfactant containing polyglycol ether groups, and(C) an aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid ester, an alkylbenzene, tetralin or a mixture of these substances.The mixture of assistants is employed in the dyeing of synthetic fibre materials, in particular textile material containing polyester fibres, for increasing the rate of migration of disperse dyes.

Abstract: Fiber articles are uniformly dyed with use of a dyeing auxiliary composition which comprises an anionic surfactant of the alpha-hydroxysulfonic acid type and an organic polybasic polymer and has a pH of 9 or higher.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for making colored hydrophilic contact lenses. A contact lens constructed of hydrophilic polymer that is substantially devoid of the functional groups --COOH, --OH, --NH--R, wherein R is hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl, --NCO and epoxy is provided. At least a portion of the surface of the lens is coated with a color coat comprising at least one pigment, binding polymer having functional groups selected from at least one of --COOH, --OH, and --NH--R, wherein R is hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl, and an additional compound having at least two groups per molecule of --NCO. The coated lens is subjected to conditions which cause the color coat to adhere to the lens.

Abstract: Stain-resistant compositions comprising sulfonated phenol-formaldehyde condensation products and polymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, polyamide textile substrates treated with the same, and processes for their preparation. The stain-resistant compositions and substrates possess improved stain resistance but do not suffer from yellowing to the extent that previously known materials do.

Abstract: A process is provided for direct coloring of textile fibres comprising appropriately pre-treating said fibres, preparing a solution of a cross-linking agent being a solution of a water insoluble technical hexamethoxymethyl melamine in a C.sub.4-8 glycol, adding said solution of the cross-linking agent to a dye liquor or printing paste containing a colorant (excluding cationic dyestuffs) in the presence of an acid donor, applying the resultant mixture to said fibres and drying and curing said fibres.Also provided is a dye liquor or print paste comprising a colorant (excluding cationic dyestuffs), an acid donor and a cross-linking agent being a solution of a water insoluble technical hexamethoxymethyl melamine in a C.sub.4-8 glycol.

Abstract: Hydrocolloid/salt blends are prepared which controllably release ions into solution. The blends are especially useful in alginate print paste compositions.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for making colored hydrophilic contact lenses. A contact lens constructed of hydrophilic polymer that is substantially devoid of the functional groups --COOH, --OH, --NH--R, wherein R is hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl, --NCO and epoxy is provided. At least a portion of the surface of the lens is coated with a color coat comprising at least one pigment, binding polymer having functional groups selected from at least one of --COOH, --OH, and --NH--R, wherein R is hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl, and an additional compound having at least two groups per molecule of --NCO. The coated lens is subjected to conditions which cause the color coat to adhere to the lens.

Abstract: In the printing of dyes onto substrates, the use of a mixed, cross-linked calcium/sodium alginate to thicken the dye solution effectively reduces dye usage.

Abstract: A composition comprising:(a) 30 to 90% by weight of one or more water soluble anionic dyestuffs in metal complex form,(b) 0.5 to 20% by weight of one or more compounds of formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is C.sub.12-22 alkyl or C.sub.12-22 alkenyl; R.sub.2 is hydrogen or --SO.sub.3 M;m is 2, 3 or 4;n is 2, 3 or 4;p+p' is 10 to 30 inclusive, each of p and p' being at least 1; and M is a cation; and(c) 5 to 40% by weight of a dispersing agent.These compositions are suitable for dyeing of textile and leather substrates.

Abstract: An improved composition for use as a dispersant in azo dye systems contaminated with soluble copper impurities comprising an amine lignosulfonate salt and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Preferably, the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is employed in an amount of about 1 to about 4 moles per each molar amount of the copper present in the system, per 1,000 grams of the lignosulfonate. Also disclosed is an improved azo dye system containing an amine lignosulfonate salt and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and an improved method of dyeing materials with copper-contaminated dye systems containing azo dyestuffs and lignosulfonate salts wherein the azo dye reduction effect is alleviated by utilizing as the lignosulfonate salt an amine salt thereof, together with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

Abstract: Water-soluble copolymers containing a statistical distribution of 1-86% by weight of structural units of the formula ##STR1## 9-80% by weight of units of the formula ##STR2## 5-90% by weight of units of the formula ##STR3## and up to a total of 30% by weight of one or more units of the formulae ##STR4## wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;R.sup.2 and R.sup.5 independently of one another are each hydrogen or methyl;R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently of one another are each hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, or together R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are trimethylene or pentamethylene;Y is a direct bond, phenylene or a moiety of the formula --CO--NH--C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --;X.sym. is H.sym. or a cation;and said copolymers are useful as dyestuff auxiliaries and leather retanning agents.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the production of a sulfomethylated lignin amine salt from the lignin by-product of the black liquor residue of a kraft pulping process and the use of lignin amine salts as additives in other chemical compositions. The lignin amine salt is produced by precipitating lignin from the black liquor and reacting the precipitated lignin slurry with formaldehyde. Thereafter, the lignin slurry is acidified to a pH of about 2 to 3 and water-washed to remove inorganic salts and other impurities therefrom. The washed methylolated lignin is reacted with an organic amine and a sulfur-oxygen-containing compound, such as sulfur dioxide to form the sulfomethylated lignin amine salt.The sulfomethylated lignin amine salt products are disclosed as an additive in dyestuff and printing ink compositions, as well as a sequestrant in pesticide compositions, with improved results over certain lignin salts heretofore employed as additives in such compositions.

Abstract: An improved lignosulfonate salt composition particularly suited for use as a dyestuff dispersant in azo dyestuff-containing dye systems wherein a sulfonated lignin salt is modified by ion-exchange reaction with an amine compound having a lower dissociation constant and pKa than the dissociation constant and pKa of the cation of the sulfonated lignin salt to provide a dispersant for an azo dyestuff which causes less color reduction of the azo dyestuff than the unmodified sulfonated lignin salt dispersant. More specifically, a sulfonated lignin salt having a relatively high pKa, such as a sodium or ammonium salt, is reacted with a lower pKa amine compound, such as triethanolamine, diethanolamine, or monoethanolamine, in amounts from about 0.1 to 2.5 moles per 1,000 grams of lignin to produce an ion exchange reaction between the sodium and ammonium cations and the amine cations to stabilize the lignin dispersant and inhibit its tendency for azo dye reduction in azo dye-containing dye systems.

Abstract: A coloring material comprising a solution of an alcohol-soluble resin having a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, which is dyed with a basic dye, in a solvent comprising an alcohol as a main component. The coloring material is prepared either by (a) polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid or a salt thereof in water and adding a basic dye to the obtained aqueous liquid of the formed polymer or (b) carrying out said polymerization in the presence of a basic dye, and dissolving (i) the obtained aqueous liquid of the formed colored polymer of (ii) a colored polymer obtained by removing water from the obtained aqueous liquid of the formed colored polymer in a solvent comprising an alcohol as a main component; or, (a') carrying out said polymerization in a solvent comprising an alcohol as a main component and then adding a basic dye to the obtained polymer solution, or (b') carrying out said polymerization in the presence of a basic dye.

Abstract: The invention provides aqueous dyestuff preparations of water-insoluble or sparingly water-soluble dyes which may be used for preparing printing pastes to be used for printing textile material as well as for printing supports for transfer printing. The preparations contain at least 10% by weight of water, 10 to 60% by weight of a finely dispersed water-insoluble or sparingly water-soluble dye, 0.1 to 5% by weight of at least one anionic dispersant, and 0.5 to 5% by weight of a non-ionic copolymer of ethylene oxide and a further olefin oxide, said copolymer having an ethylene oxide content of at least 65% by weight and a molecular weight of more than 12,000, and also, if desired, further ingredients.

Abstract: Acid half esters of the formula ##STR1## or quaternary ammonium compounds thereof, wherein R is an aliphatic radical of 12 to 24 carbon atoms, one of Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 is hydrogen and the other is phenyl, one of X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 is hydrogen and the other is methyl, one of Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 is hydrogen and the other is the maleic acid radical or the phthalic acid radical, m.sub.1 and m.sub.2 are 0 or 1, s.sub.1, s.sub.2, p.sub.1 and p.sub.2 are integers, with the sum of s.sub.1 +s.sub.2 being 25 to 50 and the sum of p.sub.1 +p.sub.2 is 4 to 15.These compounds are suitable for a wide range of utilities in textile application. In particular, they are used as assistants for dyeing wool-containing fibre materials with anionic dyes or mixtures of dyes.

Abstract: A novel pigment print paste for the coloration of textiles includes an additive comprising a diorganopolysiloxane. In particular, the diorganopolysiloxane contains reactive functional substituents which will react with other components of the pigment print paste, such as the binder or the clear diluent. Specifically, polydimethylsiloxane, diorganopolysiloxanes carrying side chains containing an amino, epoxy, or carboxyl functional group are illustrative additives. The diorganopolysiloxane may be terminated with alkoxy or hydroxy radicals. Heating a pigment printed textile results in coreaction, or cross-linking, producing advantageous results such as improved color fastness, improved resistance to crocking and abrasion, improved washability, and good hand properties in the printed area.

Abstract: Colored contact lenses are produced by providing a contact lens constructed of polymer and coating at least a portion of the lens with coloring substance and binding polymer. The lens and binding polymers are bonded to each other by the reaction of functional groups selected from at least one of --COOH, --OH, and --NH--R, wherein R is hydrogen or alkyl, with functional groups selected from at least one of --NCO and epoxy.

Abstract: Textile fabrics formed at least partially of polyester fibers are dyed with an aqueous dyebath comprising(a) 0 to 5 g/l of thickener;(b) disperse dyestuffs in an amount sufficient to dye the fibers to the desired depth of color;(c) 2 to 100 g/l of a partially sulfated adduct of ethylene oxide with an alkyl phenyl or C.sub.8 to C.sub.16 fatty alcohols;(d) 0 to 60 g/l of nonionic or anionic surfactants; and(e) 5 to 50 g/l of at least one organic compound selected from the group consisting of aromatic nitrile ethers and ethoxylated chlorophenols.The fabrics may be continuously dyed by padding, immersing, spraying or otherwise applying the dyestuffs, steaming the fabrics in their wet condition, and subsequently washing and drying.

Abstract: Method of producing a by-product of the black liquor residue of a kraft wood pulping process having excellent product stability and exhibiting humectant properties in dyestuff compositions, and the resultant humectant product and dyestuff compositions containing such humectant product. The black liquor, after removal of tall oil fractions, is oxidized and thereafter treated with an aldehyde to methylolate the lignin components therein, the methylolated lignin-containing black liquor is treated with a sulfur-oxygen-containing compound, such as SO.sub.2 gas, under sufficient conditions to sulfomethylate and solubilize the lignin components, and the resultant composition is concentrated to a solids content of from about 50% to up to about 70% at a pH of approximately 7.5 to produce the final humectant product.

Abstract: The dyeing of cellulose fibres or fibre blends containing cellulose fibres with reactive dyes by a cold pad-batch or pad-steam process is effected with aqueous padding liquors which contain water-soluble reaction products of copolymers of maleic anhydride and ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, diisobutylene or styrene with ammonia or amines of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 stand for hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -hydroxyalkyl.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved method for sublimation dye transfer printing of a sublimable dye onto fabric by applied heat, comprising applying a composition comprising a polyester resin to the fabric, in which the polyester resin chemically bonds the dye to the fabric, to yield a fabric having a soft hand and deep color which is fast through repeated laundering. In preferred embodiments, the polyester resin has free carboxyl groups. In another embodiment, a conventional dye binder is also applied to the fabric. In a further modification, metallic glitter is added to the dye. The present invention also provides dye bonding compositions for bonding sublimable dyes to fabrics, and sublimation dye transfer printing elements incorporating the compositions of the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for dyeing synthetic polyamide fibre material with dyes or dye mixtures in the presence of a mixture of dyeing assistants, which comprises using for the dyeing of these materials an aqueous liquor which contains at least one anionic dye which, under the defined dyeing conditions, has a degree of exhaustion of at least 95% at 1/1 standard depth of shade, and a dyeing assistant mixture containing an anionic compound, a quaternary compound and a non-ionic compound, and wherein the liquor contains an alkali metal salt and an organic acid, and finishing the dyeing at pH 5-7, preferably pH 5.5-6, and at a temperature of 95.degree. to 130.degree. C.The process according to the invention is suitable for dyeing synthetic polyamide materials, producing level dyeings having good fastness properties with all types of dye or mixtures of dyes of identical or different types.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dyeing assistant comprising at least(A) a sulfonated condensation product of a hydroxyaryl compound and formaldehyde or a sulfonated N-arylmelamine derivative, and(B) a quaternary ammonium compound which contains at least one basic nitrogen atom to which are attached at least one polyglycol ether chain and at least one aliphatic radical of 10 to 22 carbon atoms, said polyglycol ether chain containing at least one grouping of the formula ##STR1## preferably a grouping of the formula ##STR2## wherein one of Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 is hydrogen and the other is the phenyl radical, and optionally(C) a siloxane/oxyalkylene copolymer and/or(D) a polar solvent.This dyeing assistant is used in particular for dyeing or printing synthetic polyamide fibre material with anionic dyes.

Abstract: Improved dyestuff compositions are disclosed herein comprising, as dispersants, sulfonated lignins prepared by selectively isolating lignins having molecular weights greater than 5,000 and subsequently reacting the lignin with sodium sulfite and an aldehyde.

Abstract: Synergistic thickener mixture comprising a mixture of a polymer of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid and certain water soluble polymers such as the galactomannan gums, derivatives thereof, cellulose derivatives and polyoxyalkylene oxide polymers. The composition finds utility in earth formation fracturing, textile print pastes, suspending pigments in paints and gelling alcohol-based cosmetic formulations.

Abstract: A process for preparing sulfonated lignins suitable for use as dispersants and additives in dye compositions wherein sulfonated lignins are post-sulfonation crosslinked with a crosslinking agent of the aldehyde, epoxide, or polyhalide type at a pH range of between about 6.1 to 9 to selectively crosslink low molecular weight sizes of the sulfonated lignins to provide improved heat stability and dispersibility of the sulfonated lignins in dye compositions. The invention also concerns disperse and vat dye compositions, and printing gels, containing the sulfonated lignins as a dispersing agent or additive.

Abstract: In the printing of dyes onto substrates, the pretreatment of the substrates with low levels of calcium or sodium salts or other gelling/insolubilizing agents effectively reduces dye usage.

Abstract: Metal chelates of water soluble copolymers with polyvalent metal ions contain a statistical distribution of 1-86% by weight of structural units of the formula ##STR1## 9-80% by weight of units of the formula ##STR2## 5-90% by weight of units of the formula ##STR3## and up to 30% by weight of one or more units of the formulae ##STR4## wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 and R.sup.5 independently of one another are each hydrogen or methyl;R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently of one another are each hydrogen, methyl or ethyl or together are a trimethylene or pentamethylene;Y is a direct bond, phenylene or a moiety of the formula --CO--NH--C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --; andX.sup..sym. is a cation or H.sup..crclbar.

Abstract: The electrolyte sensitivity of carboxyl-containing synthetic thickeners causes problems on application together with disperse dyestuffs, the commercial finish (dispersants) of which is of anionic nature.These known disadvantages can be eliminated by adding natural thickenings which are based on polysaccharides to the synthetically based products the properties of which are considered unsatisfactory, and setting a certain, acidic pH value in the thickening mixtures. Illustratively, proceeding in this manner it was found on pad-dyeing and printing, for example, polyester fibers with conventionally finished disperse dyestuffs that the use of the auxiliary combinations according to the invention not only stabilized the thickening but also brought about an increase in depth of shade. The systematic pH adjustment of the thickening mixtures results in considerable color yield gains.

Abstract: Dispersants, especially well suited for use with insoluble dyes, are produced by reacting hydroxyl benzyl alcohol compounds with sulfonated lignin derivatives. The dispersants have high levels of heat stability, coupled with desirable dye reduction, staining, foaming, milling and viscosity-reducing properties. Dyestuffs, dye pastes and dye baths, as well as methods utilizing them, are provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure is concerned with aqueous dispersions of anionic acid dyes, especially the monosulphonated level dyeing acid dyes, which have low room temperature, low shear viscosities and good storage stability. This low viscosity enables them to be readily poured, pumped and otherwise handled. These dispersions comprise dyestuff solids with a controlled particle size distribution having a median value between about 1 and 10 microns; an anionic dispersant; and an electrolyte. In a preferred embodiment the pH is adjusted to give an optimum viscosity value. Another preferred feature is the adjustment of the rheology with a thickening agent such as xanthan gum. These dispersions find particular utility in the continuous dyeing of carpet, especially in Kuesters or foam dyeing equipment.

Abstract: A method for dyeing or printing a textile substrate with disperse dyes comprising using a compound of formula I ##STR1## wherein each R.sub.1, independently, is C.sub.4-14 alkyleach R.sub.2, independently, is H or C.sub.1-10 alkyl with the proviso that the sum of the carbon atoms present in R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 borne by the same phenyl ring is from 6 to 18 an average of 0.5 to n of the R.sub.3 's are --SO.sub.3 R.sub.4, --CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 R.sub.4 or ##STR2## the remaining R.sub.3 's being H each R.sub.4, independently, is H, an alkali metal, an equivalent of an alkali earth metal, ammonium, or substituted ammonium,R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are both H, with the proviso that in, on average, up to 60% of the units --CHR.sub.5 --CHR.sub.6 --one of the groups R.sub.5 or R.sub.6 may be methyl,each m, independently, is an integer from 4 to 20, and n is an integer from 1 to 9,or a mixture thereof together with a dyeing assistant.

Abstract: A dispersion in an aqueous medium of an organic particulate solid substantially all the particles of which have a size less than 100 microns which dispersion contains a polymeric composition which is soluble in the aqueous medium and which comprises a copolymer of at least one hydrophobic monomer as herein defined and at least one hydrophilic monomer as herein defined.

Abstract: Continuous dyeing of voluminous cellulose fabrics, according to a two-bath procedure and without intermediate drying, with azo dyes produced on the fiber by coupling of their formation components is effected by incorporation in a developing liquor with which the previously impregnated fabric is slop-padded, wet-in-wet, of a combination comprising homo- or copolymers of acrylic acid amide and a wetting agent into said developing liquor; the liquor uptake by the moist fiber material is increased and the penetration rate of this liquor during the coupling is incited in such a manner that textile articles which exhibit even, well penetrated dyeings are obtained.Dyeing of for example cord, velvet, terry or pile fabrics with azo developing dyes has become feasible only in accordance with this invention. The process may be carried out also in semicontinuous operation.

Abstract: New condensation products of the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl, or halogen, M represents hydrogen, an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal or an ammonium group, and n is a number from 1 to 3; these products are particularly useful as dyeing assistants for dyeing synthetic polyamide fibres with anionic dyes.

Abstract: Dyestuff preparations which are capable of flow and contain (a) at least one dyestuff which is sparingly soluble or insoluble in water, (b) at least one polyester of phthalic acid and a polyalcohol and optionally a monohydric alcohol with 1-18 C atoms and (c) optionally further auxiliaries, and their use for dyeing plastics, in particular polyurethane plastics.

Abstract: A color concentrate for coloring thermoplastic polymeric materials, which is prepared from a blend of a water - or organic solvent-dispersible polymer and a heat-stable, chemically-inert coloring agent selected from water-soluble dyes, organic-soluble dyes, polymer-soluble dyes, and pigments, from which blend any solvent present during processing is subsequently removed.

Abstract: A composition containing(A) 10 parts by weight of an anionic product obtained by addition of 5 to 20 mols of ethylene oxide to an aliphatic saturated or unsaturated alcohol of 10 to 24 carbon atoms, followed by carboxymethylation(B) 1 to 15 parts by weight of a cationic addition product of 50 to 150 mols of ethylene oxide to a fatty amino-(C.sub.2-3)alkylene-amine(C) 1 to 10 parts by weight of a non-ionic addition product of 20 to 150 mols of ethylene oxide to castor oil, or a non-ionic sequenced addition product of 20 to 150 mols of ethylene oxide and 1 to 10 mols of propylene oxide to castor oil, and(D) 1 to 20 parts by weight of a N-(.beta.-hydroxy-(C.sub.2-4)alkyl)-fatty acid amide,is a dyeing auxiliary useful for the dyeing in one bath or printing of a mixed textile substrate comprising cationic dyeable fibres and anionic or disperse dyeable fibres.

Abstract: Dispersants, especially well suited for use with insoluble dyes, are produced by reacting hydroxyl benzyl alcohol compounds with sulfonated lignin derivatives. The dispersants have high levels of heat stability, coupled with desirable dye reduction, staining, foaming, milling and viscosity-reducing properties. Dyestuffs, dye pastes and dye baths, as well as methods utilizing them, are provided.

Abstract: A propylene oxide polyadduct containing carboxyl groups, or a salt thereof, obtained from(a) an adduct of propylene oxide and an aliphatic alcohol having 3 to 10 carbon atoms which is at least trihydric,(b) an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or the anhydride thereof having 2 to 10 carbon atoms or a mono- or di-lower alkylester of said dicarboxylic acids,(c) an aliphatic diol having an average molecular weight of at most 2,000,(d) a fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms and(e) an aromatic dicarboxylic acid or the anhydride thereof having 8 to 12 carbon atoms; it is in particular useful as dyeing assistant for the dyeing of fibrous material made of or containing wool with anionic dyes.