Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for preparing sulfonated lignins processing a low viscosity which comprises pretreating a lignin with sodium dithionate and subsequently reacting the pretreated lignin with sodium sulfite and an aldehyde. The resulting sulfonated lignins are useful as dispersants for disperse dyes and vat dyes.

Abstract: According to this invention, there is provided an anti-migration agent for dyeing comprising a water-soluble, neutral polymer salt of a polymer anion and at least one cation, said polymer anion being a copolymer or a partially esterified matter thereof, said copolymer consisting of at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of C.sub.4 of C.sub.7 conjugated diene and isobutylene and at least one member selected from the group consisting of maleic acid, maleic anhydride and derivatives thereof, and said cation being selected from the group consisting of Na.sup.+, K.sup.+, Li.sup.+ and ammonium ions represented by the general formula R.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 R.sub.4 N.sup.+ wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl, cycloalkyl and phenyl.

Abstract: A method is provided for polymerizing lignosulfonate materials without undesirable viscosity build-up or gelling. The method comprises the steps of premethylolating the lignosulfonate under alkaline conditions followed by condensation of the premethylolated lignosulfonate at elevated temperatures and under neutral and acidic conditions.The resultant products are useful in any of a variety of applications wherein the surface active properties of lignosulfonates may be desirable. The products are useful as dispersants and especially as dye dispersants.

Abstract: Aqueous dye preparations having a migration-regulating action and containing at least one dye insoluble in water, a dispersing agent and at least one further additive, which preparations are characterized in that they contain at least one water-soluble polymerization product containing carboxyl groups.

Abstract: A dyeing process for improving the levelness of cellulose dyeings with vat dyes or anionic dyes and for preventing creases in the dyed goods, wherein the process according to the invention comprises dyeing the cellulose fiber material in the presence of a polypropylene oxide adduct, or a salt thereof, which adduct contains carboxyl groups and has been prepared from (a) an aliphatic diol which has an average molecular weight of not more than 2,600, (b) an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, or its anhydride, having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, (c) an adduct of propylene oxide with an aliphatic alcohol which is at least trihydric and has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and (d) a fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Cellulose fiber material which has not been pre-cleaned, in particular raw cotton, is dyed with vat dyes or anionic dyes in the presence of a homopolymer of maleic acid, especially in the presence of hydrolysed polymaleic anhydride; level dyeings are obtained and the cellulose material is free from lime deposits and creases and has perfect levelness and a soft handle.

Abstract: Cationic or certain anionic dyes are rendered compatible with normally incompatible anionic and nonanionic polymers by the addition of certain surface active agents.

Abstract: A process for dyeing or printing with a fibre-reactive dyestuff a substrate consisting of or comprising cellulosic fibres, which process comprises treating the dyed or printed substrate, at a temperature from 20.degree. to 105.degree. C. with an aqueous solution of a polymer containing carboxylic acid groups at least partially neutralized in salt form.

Abstract: Process for dyeing evenly synthetic fiber materials and mixtures thereof with natural fibers, with water-insoluble disperse dyestuffs according to the exhaust method, which comprises adding water-soluble or dispersible linear polyesters that have been obtained by polycondensation of dicarboxylic acids with diols, including sulfo-groups-containing chain links, with an average molecular weight of 800 to 5,000, combined with surface-active oxethylation products, at a blend ratio of 1:0.25 to 1:1.5, as dispersing system with levelling action to the aqueous dyeliquors, besides said dyestuffs and pH-controlling substances.