Abstract: [Problem] To provide an oxygen-absorbing multilayer film which exhibits high oxygen-absorbability without the addition of a transition metal salt usually added as a catalyst for the purpose of enhancing oxygen-absorbability and which does not cause a problem of odors even after absorbing oxygen, a packaging material comprising the multilayer film, and a packaging container obtained by molding this packaging material. [Means for Dissolution] An oxygen-absorbing multilayer film having a thickness of less than 250 ?m that comprises a gas barrier material layer, an oxygen-absorbent layer and a sealing material layer laminated in this order, wherein an oxygen-absorbent constituting the subject oxygen-absorbent layer comprises a cyclized product of a conjugated diene polymer as the major component. There are also disclosed a packaging material comprising this multilayer film and a packaging container obtained by molding this packaging material.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a nanoporous hybrids formed by covalent bonding between a crystalline organic-inorganic hybrid and a gigantic mesoporous metal oxide, containing organic groups on the surface thereof, having a size of 10 nm or more. Since the covalently-bonded hybrid nanoporous composite has a large surface area, a multiple microporous structure, a large pore volume and includes an organic-inorganic hybrid having backbone flexibility, the covalently-bonded hybrid nanoporous composite can be used as materials for storing liquids and gases, such as hydrogen, methane and the like, and can be used as adsorbents, separating materials, catalysts, and the like. Further, the covalently-bonded hybrid nanoporous hybrids can be used in the application fields of biomolecule supporting, drug delivery, harmful material removal, nanoparticle supporter, sensors, catalysis, adsorbents, fluorescent materials, solar cells, and the like.

Abstract: A method for removing negatively-charged gas molecules includes the steps of: adsorbing negatively-charged gas molecules by a substrate carrying a positively-charged substance or a positively-charged substance and a negatively-charged substance on the surface of the substrate or in a surface layer of the substrate; and desorbing the aforementioned negatively-charged gas molecules adsorbed on the aforementioned substrate, from the substrate using a fluid. According to the present invention, negatively-charged gas molecules are removed or detoxified by adsorbing the same by a substrate carrying a positively-charged substance, or a positively-charged substance and a negatively-charged substance, on the surface of the substrate. Thereby, it is possible to provide a simple process by which negatively-charged gas molecules are able to be effectively and economically removed or detoxified.

Abstract: A method for producing carbon dioxide by the steps of feeding a CO2-rich feed stream containing fuel gas to an oxygenated oxygen-selective ceramic bed to produce a product stream of carbon dioxide, water, and residual oxygen; adding oxygen to this product stream and feeding to an oxygen-depleted oxygen-selective ceramic bed and recovering carbon dioxide substantially free of oxygen and fuel gas. In an additional embodiment, nitrogen oxides are also removed from the fuel gas.

Abstract: An oxygen scavenger is provided. An oxygen scavenger comprises iron, malic acid, and a wicking agent. A method for scavenging oxygen from an enclosed container comprises providing an oxygen scavenger compound comprising iron, malic acid, and a wicking agent, sealing the composition in an oxygen permeable, water impermeable container, and activating the composition by injecting water into the container.

Abstract: A pressure swing adsorption cycle designed to reduce the variations in ozone concentration, and produce a higher average ozone concentration, in a product gas stream throughout the cycle. The cycle includes a relatively long air sweep stage and provides for the overlapping of the air sweep stage in two adsorber vessels. Effluent from an adsorber vessel in a feed rinse stage is routed to another adsorber vessel that is in an air sweep stage.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and an apparatus for condensing ozone arranged so as to efficiently take out the ozone gas of a predetermined concentration, although its construction is simple. The method for condensing the ozone gas comprises acting ozone-oxygen mixture gas on an adsorbing cylinder which is filled in its interior area with an adsorbent so as to selectively adsorb the ozone gas to an adsorbent and desorbing the selectively adsorbed ozone gas so as to condense and purify the ozone gas. The method further includes acting the ozone-oxygen mixture gas on the adsorbent in non-cooled state to selectively adsorb the ozone gas to the adsorbent and vacuuming the adsorbing cylinder on performing desorption-operation of the ozone gas to desorb the ozone gas from the adsorbent.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods and systems for sequestering and/or reducing sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and/or carbon dioxide present in industrial effluent fluid streams. A solid particulate material comprising a slag component, a binder component (distinct from the slag component), and optionally water is formed and then contacted with the effluent fluid stream to reduce at least one of the sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and/or carbon dioxide. The contacting of the effluent stream may occur in a packed bed reactor with the solid dry particulate material. Methods of reducing pollutants from exhaust generated by combustion sources, lime and/or cement kilns, iron and/or steel furnaces, and the like are provided.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the prevention of an exothermic reaction in the gas purifier of an ultra-high purity gas system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a multi-component system for adsorbing contaminants and/or pollutants from a contaminated hot fluid by using a turbulent air stream, to adiabatically cool the temperature of the fluid, in association with one or more adsorbents. The system of the present invention can also be coupled to a recovery and recycling unit to recover and recycle the contaminant and/or pollutant and the adsorbent material.

Abstract: The invention relates to gas adsorbents based on metal-organic microporous coordination polymers of the metallic bispyrmidinolate-type with a sodalite-type topology, having an adsorbent performance that is typical of crystalline microporous materials. The aforementioned materials also have a large accessible pore volume of between 25 and 45% of the total volume of the material with a monodispersion of pores having diameters of less than 1.3 nm. In addition, the materials have a high capacity for adsorption of small gases, such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, methane, acetylene, etc., which is reversible such that, once said gases have been stored, they can be desorbed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a porous metal organic framework comprising at least one first organic compound and ions of at least one metal, with the skeleton of the framework being formed at least partly by the at least one first organic compound coordinating at least partly in a bidentate fashion to at least two ions of the at least one metal, where the at least one metal is lithium and the at least one first compound is derived from formic acid or acetic acid. The invention additionally relates to a process for preparing it and also its use for gas storage or separation.

Abstract: A method of using a sulfided iron reagent to remove oxygen from gaseous and liquid fluid streams such as natural gas, light hydrocarbon streams, crude oil, acid gas mixtures, carbon dioxide gas and liquid streams, anaerobic gas, landfill gas, geothermal gases and liquids, and the like is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, the reagent is made by mixing, agglomerating and shaping finely powdered ferrous carbonate, preferably siderite which are used to remove oxygen from a hydrocarbon or carbon dioxide stream that also contains sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: A portable, non-cryogenic, oxygen generation system capable of delivering oxygen gas at purities greater than 98% and flow rates of 15 L/min or more is described. The system consists of two major components. The first component is a high efficiency membrane capable of separating argon and a portion of the nitrogen content from air, yielding an oxygen-enriched permeate flow. This is then fed to the second component, a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit utilizing a commercially available, but specifically formulated zeolite compound to remove the remainder of the nitrogen from the flow. The system is a unique gas separation system that can operate at ambient temperatures, for producing high purity oxygen for various applications (medical, refining, chemical production, enhanced combustion, fuel cells, etc . . . ) and represents a significant advance compared to current technologies.

Abstract: An air cleaner including ozone removal is provided according to an embodiment of the invention. The air cleaner includes an air channel in the air cleaner, an air moving unit located in the air channel and configured to create an airflow, and an ozone decomposing element located in and extending substantially fully across the air channel. The ozone decomposing element causes decomposition of ozone in the airflow.

Abstract: A porous crystalline material has a tetrahedral framework comprising a general structure, M1-IM-M2, wherein M1 comprises a metal having a first valency, wherein M2 comprises a metal having a second valency different from said first valency, and wherein IM is imidazolate or a substituted imidazolate linking moiety.

Abstract: The present system is an adsorption system for separating air into a concentrated gas component, which has an air supply, a compressor for receiving and compressing the air supply, providing a compressed air supply, and molecular sieve material for separating the compressed air supply into a concentrated gas component. The adsorption system delivers at least 5 liters per minute (LPM) of concentrated gas component from the molecular sieve material in which the system has a specific total weight per LPM <9 lbs/LPM. Additionally, an output quantity of the concentrated gas is delivered by the adsorption system and a purging quantity of the concentrated gas is dispensed into a sieve chamber of the adsorption system undergoing a purge cycle. The purging quantity has a value equal to or less than the difference between the maximum quantity and the output quantity, and the purging quantity is controlled based on the output quantity.

Abstract: Systems and methods for producing an ozone destructor are disclosed herein. Generally, these systems and methods include an ozone destructor that has a housing defining an air passage duct. In some cases, this air passage duct includes a first chamber and a second chamber that are arranged so that air is able to flow into the first chamber, through the second chamber, and out of the destructor. In some cases, an air drying mechanism is disposed in the first and/or the second chamber. Additionally, in some cases, the ozone destructor further includes multiple mechanisms that reduce ozone to oxygen. In light of these features, the ozone destructor is capable of incrementally drying and reducing air and ozone, respectively, as they pass through the first chamber and the second chamber.

Abstract: Processes are disclosure which comprise alternately contacting an oxygen-carrying catalyst with a reducing substance, or a lower partial pressure of an oxidizing gas, and then with the oxidizing gas or a higher partial pressure of the oxidizing gas, whereby the catalyst is alternately reduced and then regenerated to an oxygenated state. In certain embodiments, the oxygen-carrying catalyst comprises at least one metal oxide-containing material containing a composition having one of the following formulas: (a) CexByB?zB?O?, wherein B=Ba, Sr, Ca, or Zr; B?=Mn, Co, or Fe; B?=Cu; 0.01<x<0.99; 0<y<0.6; 0<z<0.5; and 1<?<2.2; (b) SrvLawBxB?yB?zO?, wherein B=Co or Fe; B?=Al or Ga; B?=Cu; 0.01<v<1.4; 0.1<w<1.6; 0.1<x<1.9; 0.1<y<0.9; 0<z<2.2; and 3<?<5.5).

Abstract: Adsorption process for recovering ozone from a feed gas mixture containing at least ozone and oxygen comprising (a) introducing the feed gas mixture into a first end of an adsorber vessel containing a zeolite adsorbent and selectively adsorbing ozone on the adsorbent; (b) withdrawing from a second end of the vessel a stream of oxygen essentially free of ozone; (c) terminating the flow of the feed gas mixture, introducing a purge gas into the second end of the vessel, and withdrawing from the first end of the vessel an outlet gas mixture containing at least purge gas and desorbed ozone; and (d) introducing an additional component into the feed gas mixture and/or the purge gas and adsorbing the additional component on the zeolite adsorbent. The additional component when adsorbed reduces the decomposition of ozone that would occur in the absence of the additional component adsorbed on the zeolite adsorbent.

Abstract: Provided are methods of storing and separating acetylene or oxygen using microporous metal formates having a three-dimensional structure of metal and formate ion (HCOO?). Microporous metal formates used in the method selectively and stably adsorb a large amount of a specific gas within its structure. Therefore, those methods can be used in industrial appliances related to, for example, synthesis and transportation of high-purity gas.

Abstract: Water vapor is mixed to O3 gas generated by an ozone generator of discharge type. The mixed fluid is cooled by a cooler, thereby impurities such as metals and nitrogen oxides contained in the O3 gas dissolve into condensed water. Subsequently, a gas-liquid separator separates the O3 gas from the condensed water. Water vapor is mixed with the O3 gas again. The mixed fluid passes through a metal trap composed of a container containing plural silicon chips as a metal adsorbent, thereby to remove the remaining metals therefrom.

Abstract: The disclosure provides zeolitic frameworks for gas separation, gas storage, catalysis and sensors. More particularly the disclosure provides zeolitic frameworks (ZIFs). The ZIF of the disclosure comprises any number of transition metals or a homogenous transition metal composition.

Abstract: A pressure swing adsorption cycle designed to reduce the variations in ozone concentration, and produce a higher average ozone concentration, in a product gas stream throughout the cycle. The cycle includes a relatively long air sweep stage and provides for the overlapping of the air sweep stage in two adsorber vessels. Effluent from an adsorber vessel in a feed rinse stage is routed to another adsorber vessel that is in an air sweep stage.

Abstract: A metal-organic framework-based mesh-adjustable molecular sieve (MAMS) exhibiting a temperature-dependent mesh size. The MAMS comprises a plurality of metal clusters bound with a plurality of amphiphilic ligands, each ligand comprising a hydrophobic moiety and a functionalized hydrophilic moiety, and wherein the metal clusters and amphiphilic ligand functionalized hydrophilic moieties form a metal cluster layer, the metal cluster layer forming at least one hydrophilic pore. On each side of the metal cluster layer, a plurality of associated amphiphilic ligand hydrophobic moieties cooperate with the metal cluster layer to form a tri-layer and a plurality of tri-layers are packed in a facing-spaced apart relationship to form at least one hydrophobic pore.

Abstract: A method of using a sulfided iron reagent to remove oxygen from gaseous and liquid fluid streams such as natural gas, light hydrocarbon streams, crude oil, acid gas mixtures, carbon dioxide gas and liquid streams, anaerobic gas, landfill gas, geothermal gases and liquids, and the like is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, the reagent is made by mixing, agglomerating and shaping finely powdered ferrous carbonate, preferably siderite which are used to remove oxygen from a hydrocarbon or carbon dioxide stream that also contains sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: Solid nanoparticulate transition metal complexes of Co(II) salen exhibit reversible oxygen absorption in a near stoichiometric manner. In contrast, no measurable oxygen binding was observed with unprocessed Co(II) salen.

Abstract: An on-board inert gas generation system is disclosed that includes an air separation module that is configured to produce nitrogen enriched air from a non-enriched air. The non-enriched air to the air separation module has a desired operating temperature range. A compressor system is in fluid communication with the air separation module. The compressor system is configured to rotate at a speed and provide the non-enriched air to the air separation module. A controller is in communication with the compressor system and is configured to reduce the speed in response to a parameter reaching an undesired value, which would result in a non-enriched air temperature that would exceed the desired operating temperature range. The reduced speed is selected to maintain the non-enriched air temperature within the desired operating temperature range.

Abstract: A system and associated method for removing metal, including metal in vapor form, from high temperature fluid emissions such as may occur at the exhaust of furnaces or thermal treatment equipment. One embodiment is the Integrated Metal Emissions Control System (IMECS™) incorporating both a Steel Screen Particulate (SSP) Filter System and a Perlite Based Sorbent (PBS) System. IMECS™ uses the SSP Filter System, with pore sizes down to one micron, to capture toxic metal particulate materials and the PBS System to capture vapor phase metals using surface-modified perlite. Using the IMECS™, EPA-listed heavy metals have been removed from representative high-temperature emissions in field tests to easily meet the NESHAP standards.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a nanoporous hybrids formed by covalent bonding between a crystalline organic-inorganic hybrid and a gigantic mesoporous metal oxide, containing organic groups on the surface thereof, having a size of 10 nm or more. Since the covalently-bonded hybrid nanoporous composite has a large surface area, a multiple microporous structure, a large pore volume and includes an organic-inorganic hybrid having backbone flexibility, the covalently-bonded hybrid nanoporous composite can be used as materials for storing liquids and gases, such as hydrogen, methane and the like, and can be used as adsorbents, separating materials, catalysts, and the like. Further, the covalently-bonded hybrid nanoporous hybrids can be used in the application fields of biomolecule supporting, drug delivery, harmful material removal, nanoparticle supporter, sensors, catalysis, adsorbents, fluorescent materials, solar cells, and the like.

Abstract: A method of activating a molded Cu-ZSM5 zeolite adsorbent of the present invention includes: oxidizing a molded product of Cu-ZSM5 zeolite in the flow of air or a gas having an equivalent oxidizability to the air at a temperature of 250° C. to 550° C.; and then heat-treating the molded product of the Cu-ZSM5 zeolite in vacuum or the flow of an inert gas at a temperature of 550° C. to 800° C. According to the present invention, an adsorbent whose adsorption performance is not deteriorated can be obtained in the case where a molded product is produced using Cu-ZSM5 zeolite.

Abstract: An oxygen-absorbing composition including iron and a soluble tartrate. A method of absorbing oxygen from a closed environment including the steps of providing an oxygen-absorbing composition containing iron and a tartrate, injecting water into the composition, and placing the composition into the closed environment. An oxygen-absorbing packet containing iron and a tartrate. All of the foregoing-mentioned compositions preferably include an electrolyte. The tartrates may be selected from the group which may include solium acid tartrate, potassium acid tartrate, potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate and sodium tartrate dihydrate, but are not limited thereto.

Abstract: A filter includes a metallocene for removing oxygen from a gas stream. The filter further includes a support for the metallocene.

Abstract: A gas fractionalization apparatus and methods for providing oxygen rich air to patients are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a variable output compressor, a PSA unit, a control system, and one or more pressure sensing devices. Pressure of the oxygen rich gas is maintained within a selected window by adjusting the output of the compressor in response to changes in the pressure of the oxygen rich gas. Methods of feedback control are further provided for calibration of the compressor under factory and in-service conditions, as well as under high-altitude conditions. Methods for providing diagnostic estimates and alarms of time to service are further provided.

Abstract: Adsorption process for recovering ozone from a feed gas mixture containing at least ozone and oxygen comprising (a) introducing the feed gas mixture into a first end of an adsorber vessel containing a zeolite adsorbent and selectively adsorbing ozone on the adsorbent; (b) withdrawing from a second end of the vessel a stream of oxygen essentially free of ozone; (c) terminating the flow of the feed gas mixture, introducing a purge gas into the second end of the vessel, and withdrawing from the first end of the vessel an outlet gas mixture containing at least purge gas and desorbed ozone; and (d) introducing an additional component into the feed gas mixture and/or the purge gas and adsorbing the additional component on the zeolite adsorbent. The additional component when adsorbed reduces the decomposition of ozone that would occur in the absence of the additional component adsorbed on the zeolite adsorbent.

Abstract: Xe exhaled from a patient is recovered with a polymeric membrane.

Abstract: A method of using a sulfided iron reagent to remove oxygen from gaseous and liquid fluid streams such as natural gas, light hydrocarbon streams, crude oil, acid gas mixtures, carbon dioxide gas and liquid streams, anaerobic gas, landfill gas, geothermal gases and liquids, and the like is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, the reagent is made by mixing, agglomerating and shaping finely powdered ferrous carbonate, preferably siderite which are used to remove oxygen from a hydrocarbon or carbon dioxide stream that also contains sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: Rotary valve comprising (a) a rotor having a rotor face rotatable about an axis perpendicular to the rotor face, a plurality of openings, and at least one passage connecting at least one pair of the plurality of openings; (b) a stator having a stator face in sealing contact with the rotor face to form a planar rotary valve seal with an outer periphery, a plurality of openings in the stator face that are connected to respective passages through the stator, and wherein at least one of the passages through the stator is a stator vacuum passage directly connected to a vacuum pump; (c) a sealed valve chamber having an interior volume contiguous with the outer periphery of the rotary valve seal, which chamber is sealed from the atmosphere surrounding the rotary valve; and (d) a vacuum vent passage connected to the sealed valve chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing high purity argon by combined cryogenic distillation and adsorption technologies is disclosed. Crude argon from a distillation column or a so-called argon column is passed to a system of adsorption vessels for further purification. Depressurization gas from adsorption is introduced back, in a controlled manner, to the distillation column and/or a compressor or other means for increasing pressure. Particulate filtration and getter purification may optionally be used.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the apparatus for producing oxygen, comprising: a first zeolite bed connected to an external air pressurizing device and a depressurizing device for increasing or decreasing an internal pressure thereof; a second zeolite bed connected to the first zeolite bed in parallel and connected to the external air pressurizing device and the depressurizing device for decreasing or increasing an internal pressure thereof, the first and second zeolite beds being arranged such that the internal pressure of the second zeolite bed is decreased when the internal pressure of the first zeolite bed is increased, and the internal pressure of the second zeolite bed is increased when the internal pressure of the first zeolite bed is decreased; and a carbon molecular sieve bed communicated in fluid with the first and second zeolite beds for receiving and adsorbing oxygen produced in the first and second zeolite beds and discharging the produced oxygen to the outside and discharging selectively some of

Abstract: A packed bed of granulated porous glass is used to purify a gas mixture comprising two gases whose boiling points or sublimation points at one atmosphere are least 10° K apart.

Abstract: An oxygen concentrator comprises a vacuum swing adsorption (VSA) gas separation system which includes a cartridge containing a mass of adsorbent material for producing oxygen, a drive which activates the gas separation system, and a power source comprising a mass. A ratio of the mass of the power source to a flow rate of oxygen produced by the oxygen concentrator is between 0.047 and 0.29 kg/LPM·hr.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are articles for removing contaminants from a fluid, such as a liquid or gas, the article comprising carbon nanotubes, which comprise at least one molecule or cluster attached thereto or located therein, wherein the carbon nanotubes are present in the article in an amount sufficient to reduce the concentration of contaminants in fluid that come into contact with the article. A method of making the nanomesh material used in such articles is also disclosed, as are methods of purifying fluids using these articles.

Abstract: Provided are methods of storing and separating acetylene or oxygen using microporous metal formates having a three-dimensional structure of metal and formate ion (HCOO?). Microporous metal formates used in the method selectively and stably adsorb a large amount of a specific gas within its structure. Therefore, those methods can be used in industrial appliances related to, for example, synthesis and transportation of high-purity gas.

Abstract: A metal-organic framework-based mesh-adjustable molecular sieve (MAMS) exhibiting a temperature-dependent mesh size. The MAMS comprises a plurality of metal clusters bound with a plurality of amphiphilic ligands, each ligand comprising a hydrophobic moiety and a functionalized hydrophilic moiety, and wherein the metal clusters and amphiphilic ligand functionalized hydrophilic moieties form a metal cluster layer, the metal cluster layer forming at least one hydrophilic pore. On each side of the metal cluster layer, a plurality of associated amphiphilic ligand hydrophobic moieties cooperate with the metal cluster layer to form a tri-layer and a plurality of tri-layers are packed in a facing-spaced apart relationship to form at least one hydrophobic pore.

Abstract: An inerting system and method characterized by a primary air separation module configured to communicate with an upstream source of pressurized air at elevated temperature for production of a primary downstream flow of nitrogen-enriched air to be delivered to a space to be inerted; a secondary air separation module configured to communicate with the upstream source of pressurized air at elevated temperature for production of a supplemental downstream flow of nitrogen-enriched air to be delivered to a space to be inerted when high nitrogen-enriched airflow is desired during a high flow period; and a flow controller configured to provide a warming flow through the secondary air separation module to heat the secondary air separation module to above ambient temperature during a warming period other than the high flow period.

Abstract: Composites and methods useful for oxygen sorption and other uses are presented, the composites comprising: (A) one or more crystalline ceramic oxides selected from compounds within general formula (1): AxA?x?ByB?y?O3-? and ??(1) (B) one or more crystalline ceramic oxides selected from compounds within general formulas (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), and (8): A2BO4-???(2) A2B2O5-???(3) AO(ABO3-?)n??(4) AM2Cu3O7-???(5) Bi4V2(1-x)Me2xO11-3x,??(6) A?B?O3??(7) A2B2O7-?.

Abstract: A radial sieve module includes a housing having two opposed ends. An inner porous tube is established within the housing and is adapted to have gas flow radially therethrough. An outer porous tube substantially surrounds the inner porous tube. The outer porous tube is also established a spaced distance from the housing such that a chamber is formed therebetween. An adsorbent material is established between at least a portion of the inner and outer porous tubes. End caps are positioned adjacent each of two opposed ends of the housing, thereby substantially sealing the housing.

Abstract: Production of oxygen-enriched gas streams is disclosed herein. Air streams contact an oxygen-selective mixed conductor particularly a perovskite material whereby oxygen is retained or adsorbed on the perovskite and can be employed in a variety of processes such as in combusting a fuel gas, heat recovery and boiler related operations.

Abstract: A lithium exchanged zeolite X adsorbent blend with improved performance characteristics produced by preparing a zeolite X, preparing a binder which includes highly dispersed attapulgite fibers wherein the tapped bulk density of the highly dispersed attapulgite fibers measured according to DIN/ISO 787 is more than about 550 g/ml, mixing the zeolite X with the binder to form a mixture, forming the mixture into a shaped material, ion exchanging the zeolite X at least 75% with lithium ions, and calcining the shaped material.