Abstract: The present invention provides a degassing apparatus having a temperature regulating function. The degassing apparatus includes a number of gas permeating tubes for enabling a processing solution to flow through one of the two flow paths partitioned by gas permeating membranes that allow permeation of a gas but prevent permeation of a liquid, while enabling warm water to flow through the other flow path. A temperature regulator regulates the temperature of the warm water fed to the gas permeating tubes, and a gas suction pump sucks the gas from the warm water.

Abstract: The present invention is an improved method of employing a wet/dry vacuum cleaner for wet material pick-up. By employing a hydrophobic and air permeable filter material, such as an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), with a tight gasket around its edge in place of a conventional wet/dry vacuum filter, it has been determined that the filter can be retained in place at all times during operation, regardless of the material being collected.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for delivering a liquid are disclosed. The liquid contained in a vessel is subjected to a pressurized gas. Any pressurized gas dissolved in the liquid is removed in a degas module by passing the liquid through a gas permeable tube subjected to a pressure differential. Then the liquid is dispensed by a liquid mass flow controller.

Abstract: A degassing module mounted in an intermediate position of a delivery pipe includes a fluid passage formed of a gas-permeable film material. The fluid passage is enclosed in a gas-tight vacuum chamber. A degassing pipe is connected to the vacuum chamber. The degassing pipe has a switch valve for breaking a communication between a sealed space in the vacuum chamber and a vacuum source, thereby forming a closed section including part of the degassing pipe and the sealed space in the vacuum chamber. A reduced quantity of solvent evaporates from a treating solution flowing through the fluid passage of the degassing module, and passes in the form of solvent vapor through the gas-permeable film material into the sealed space of the vacuum chamber. This minimizes change in the concentration and temperature of the treating solution flowing through the degassing module. The degassing pipe has a trap formed in an intermediate position thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) and a method are described for extracting gas from a liquid containing dissolved gas. The liquid is pumped from an external reservoir (40) of the liquid into a separation cell (14) by a liquid-pumping chamber (11). In separation cell (14) a permselective membrane (17) effects extraction of the dissolved gas from the liquid. A gas-pumping chamber (23) pumps the extracted gas from the permeate chamber (16) of the separation cell (14) to a collection station (27), where the extracted gas can be analyzed, separated into its individual components, or stored, as desired.

Abstract: An efficient method removes oxidants from fluids (gases and liquids, particularly air) by means of solid phase extraction or reaction. The solid phase extraction or reaction medium comprises a porous, preferably fibrous, polymeric, membrane or web in which are incorporated oxidant scavenger particulates. Typical oxidants removed in the method include ozone, oxides of nitrogen, halogen, and peroxides. The method of the invention protects organic analytes in analytical applications and removes oxidants in remediation applications by use of oxidant scavenger particles in porous membranes.

Abstract: In the simplified ink jet head described in the specification, a tubular member made of air-permeable, ink-permeable material which is closed at one end and connected at the other end to a source of subatmospheric pressure is inserted into an ink passage in the ink jet head to extract dissolved air through the material of the tubular member from a surrounding body of ink in the ink passage.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a microporous membrane contactor for degassing liquids at temperatures greater than (>) 60.degree. C. and at pressures greater than or equal (.gtoreq.) to 40 psig. The contactor has a microporous hollow fiber membrane adapted to withstand collapse and resist appreciable pore shrinkage or pore closure when subjected to liquid temperatures greater than (>) 60.degree. C. and liquid pressures greater than or equal to (.gtoreq.) 40 psig for a period of greater than or equal to (.gtoreq.) 30 days. A housing encloses the membrane.

Abstract: A hollow fiber contactor and process for fluid treatment having forced circulation with entry of fluid to be treated through the open ended lumen of a porous input hollow fiber having its opposite end closed and exit of treated fluid through the open ended lumen of an adjacent or nearby porous output hollow fiber having its opposite end closed. Fluid to be treated passes through the porous wall of an input hollow fiber, passes in contact with a treatment medium between the input and output hollow fibers forming treated fluid which passes through the porous wall of an output hollow fiber and exits the process. This invention provides high contact with treatment medium between the hollow fibers, especially suitable for selective sorption for gas purification or separation and for conduct of catalytic reactions.

Abstract: A process for purifying water including removing cations, anions and carbon dioxide and/or ammonia from water feed stream to produce high purity water having a resistivity of greater than 1 megohm-era comprising the steps of providing a water feed stream to be purified, the stream containing cations, anions and carbon dioxide and/or ammonia; introducing the water feed stream to a high pressure side of a first reverse osmosis membrane module; passing water through the first reverse osmosis membrane to provide a first retentate having cations and anions concentrated therein and a first permeate depleted in cations and anions and containing carbon dioxide and/or ammonia; adding the first permeate to a high pressure side, of a gas permeable hydrophobic membrane module; passing carbon dioxide and/or ammonia through the gas-permeable membrane from the first permeate in the high pressure side of the gas-permeable hydrophobic membrane to provide a carbon dioxide and/or ammonia permeate on a low pressure side of the h

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for delivering a liquid are disclosed. The liquid contained in a vessel is subjected to a pressurized gas. Any pressurized gas dissolved in the liquid is removed in a degas module by passing the liquid through a gas permeable tube subjected to a pressure differential. Then the liquid is dispensed by a liquid mass flow controller.

Abstract: There are provided an ozone water treatment method by comprising the steps of injecting an ozone-containing gas into pure water to prepare ozone water, supplying the ozone water to use point(s) for treatment of materials to be treated, and circulating for reuse or discharging the ozone water after use, which comprises disposing a deozonizing apparatus, the inside of which is divided into an ozone water passing zone and a reduced pressure zone by a diaphragm, at the downstream side of the use point(s), supplying the ozone water after use to the ozone water passing zone of the deozonizing apparatus, and removing residual ozone and residual oxygen in the ozone water after use by contacting the water with the reduced pressure zone through the diaphragm and an apparatus utilized in the ozone treatment method.

Abstract: A low priming volume integrated centrifugal pump and membrane oxygenator comprising a housing (10) containing a mass transfer bed (40) comprising gas permeable hollow membrane fibers (38) placed circumferentially in a ring around an impeller (30). The mass transfer bed (40) is formed by a multiple wrap of a fiber ribbon (42) comprising at least two layers of fibers (38) bonded in precise orientation with fibers in alternate layers positioned in line with the opening between fibers in the layers above and below. Adhesion means ensure precise orientation of the fibers (38). Priming volume is further reduced by a small impeller flow channel volume.

Abstract: In a method for the manufacture of plastic parts which are used in an analytical measuring device and there come into contact with liquids, plastic base material is mixed with a suspension liquid and then extruded in the form desired. Before it is mixed with the plastic base material, aromatic and olefinic substances are removed from the suspension liquid by means of a chemical reaction, for instance, so that the final plastic products are free from such substances. In that way, it is avoided that, when using the plastic parts in an analytical measuring device, it may come to interferences of the detection by extraction of such substances into the flow of liquids and transportation into the detector. A vacuum degasser is a particularly advantageous field of application for the plastic parts manufactured in accordance with the invention.

Abstract: A deaeration method for eliminating dissolved gases from a liquid product, which method involves low initial cost and running cost, compact equipment, and simple arrangement to accomplish the deaeration. For the method to eliminate dissolved gases from a liquid product, a deaeration module which is divided by a gas-pervious membrane into a liquid phase side and a vapor phase side is used. A deaeration-use gas composed of one or more kinds of inactive gases is previously dissolved in a liquid product to be deaerated, whereby a deaeration-target liquid is prepared. The deaeration-target liquid is distributed on the liquid phase side, in which distribution process the deaeration-use gas moves to the vapor phase side via the gas-pervious membrane, while the dissolved gases move to the vapor phase side along with the movement of the deaeration-use gas. This movement of the gases is carried out during passage through the deaeration module under ambient pressure.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for delivering a liquid are disclosed. The liquid contained in a vessel is subjected to a pressurized gas. Any pressurized gas dissolved in the liquid is removed in a degas module by passing the liquid through a gas permeable tube subjected to a pressure differential. Then the liquid is dispensed by a liquid mass flow controller.

Abstract: A method of treating sour liquefied petroleum gas comprising removing hydrogen sulfide from the sour liquefied petroleum gas by:(a) contacting the liquefied petroleum gas in an extraction column with a liquid and regenerable absorbent to obtain purified liquefied petroleum gas;(b) supplying the purified liquefied petroleum gas to a membrane unit comprising a membrane selected from a permselective membrane and a porous hydrophobic membrane, a permeate outlet and a retentate outlet; and(c) removing from the permeate outlet of the membrane unit treated liquefied petroleum gas and from the retentate outlet of the membrane unit contaminated liquefied petroleum gas.

Abstract: A melt is stored in a vessel placed in a decompression vessel. On the bottom of the vessel is arranged a bubble generator made of porous bricks, and bubbles of argon gas are introduced into the melt through this bubble generator. Also a lower half section of a degassing member is immersed in the melt. This degassing member has a cylindrical form with the lower end closed and the section immersed in the melt is made of a porous material permeable to gases and impermeable to melts.With these features, a surface of molten metal can be put under reduced pressure and high content components of the melt can be removed by means of bubbling, and also solute components in the melt can be removed into bubbles of argon gas. Also, gases in the melt and gases produced by reactions between the melt and the porous material can be sucked through a wall of the degassing member into inside thereof and removed.

Abstract: A degassing system is provided and includes a module for conditioning a liquid to be analyzed. The module includes a container holding a liquid, a degassing chamber, and a holder for the liquid container mounted on top of the degassing chamber. The holder provides stability to the module and contains any liquid spills. In another embodiment, the system includes an autosampler in conjunction with a degassing unit which includes a degassing chamber, a vacuum pump, and tubing for conducting liquid through the degassing chamber, which tubing is permeable to gases in the liquid.

Abstract: A diaphragm for gas-liquid contact comprising a membrane having two surfaces, at least one surface of the membrane is hydrophilic and surfaces of micropores present in the membrane are hydrophobic. The diaphragm is used in contact apparatus in which a liquid is contacted with the hydrophilic surface of the membrane and a gas is contacted with the other surface. The diaphragm is used in a process for producing a liquid containing a gas dissolved therein, which comprises introducing a liquid into contact with the hydrophilic surface of the membrane and a gas into contact with the other surface of the membrane and having the gas pass through the membrane and dissolve in the liquid.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are set forth for enhancing the concentration of oxides of nitrogen in the preferred embodiment. A permeable membrane is formed into a tube placed in a container. A sample containing bound nitrogen in placed in a container in contact with the tube. A carrier gas is swept through the tube in contact with the wall of the tube. This enables hydrophobic gases such as oxides of nitrogen to migrate through the wall of the tube and they are swept into a detection system. If desired, they can be permitted to accumulate in the wall for an interval and the carrier gas can be switched from off to on to achieve peak concentration for delivery to a bound nitrogen analytical device. Other hydrophobic gases such as oxides of sulfur can likewise be identified by sulfur analyzer. This enables an increase in trace concentration.

Abstract: A reagentless separator for removal of hydrolyzed species such as bicarbonate or carbonate to free or dissolved acid gases from a solution comprises a flow-through solid-phase acid bed through which the solution is passed for decreasing the pH of the solution and thus converting the hydrolyzed species into a free or dissolved acid gases. The converted hydrolyzed species is then separated from the solution by a gas permeable membrane degasser having an acid gas permeable membrane across which a partial pressure gradient is established. The solution may be an aqueous solution containing CO.sub.2 or any other hydrolyzed gas. The dissolved acid gas separator will be especially useful on space craft missions where water must be recycled.

Abstract: Filterable liquid media are continuously filtered by circulating same in a closed circulation loop, to and tangentially through a filtration module provided therealong which confines at least one filtration membrane, e.g., a microfiltration, ultrafiltration or reverse osmosis membrane, and which includes a permeate outlet, and by adjusting the flowrate but not the driving pressure of circulating liquid medium, notably by means of an apertured and perforated rotating disc, as to establish a non-steady periodic pseudophysiological flow thereof, at least over the working face surfaces of the at least one membrane.

Abstract: A hollow fiber membrane fluid treatment apparatus for the transfer of mass or energy through the membrane is disclosed. It is designed particularly, but not only, for use in membrane oxygenators. Hollow fiber membranes extend substantially longitudinally, first inert fibers are spaced between them and also extend substantially longitudinally. Second inert fibers extend generally transverse to the hollow fibers and generally contiguous therewith, so that a first fluid (preferably an oxygen-containing gas) can pass through the hollow fibers and a second fluid (preferably blood) can be passed over their exterior for mass or energy transfer through the membrane.

Abstract: A hollow fiber blood oxygenator is provided having a plurality of enclosed, coaxial heat exchanger coils, having a common header to insure uniform temperature in the coils. An enclosed fiber bundle is concentrically positioned inside the heat exchanger coils to define a flow path around the coils and through the fiber bundle. The heat exchanger coils and the outside of the fiber bundle are tapered to provide a close fit. Gas manifolds direct gas flow to and from the hollow fibers.