Abstract: An ozone generator includes a plurality of needles having a carbon nanotube linear structure. The carbon nanotube linear structure includes at least one carbon nanotube at a free end thereof. The at least one carbon nanotube acts as a discharge end of each needle.

Abstract: The present invention provides a field emitter electrode and a method for fabricating the same. The method comprises the steps of mixing a carbonizable polymer, carbon nanotubes and a solvent to prepare a carbon nanotube-containing polymer solution, electrospinning (or electrostatic spinning) the polymer solution to form a nanofiber web layer on a substrate, stabilizing the nanofiber web layer such that the polymer present in the nanofiber web layer is crosslinked, and carbonizing the nanofiber web layer such that the crosslinked polymer is converted to a carbon fiber.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube film includes a plurality of successively oriented carbon nanotubes joined end-to-end by Van der Waals attractive force therebetween. The carbon nanotubes define a plurality of first areas and a plurality of second areas. The first areas and the second areas have different densities of carbon nanotubes. A method for manufacturing the same is also provided. A light source using the carbon nanotube film is also provided.

Abstract: X-ray pixel beam array systems and methods for electronically shaping radiation fields and modulating radiation field intensity patterns for radiotherapy are disclosed. One exemplary pre-clinical system may include addressable electron field emitters (102, 104) that are operable to emit a plurality of electron pixel beams (106, 108, 110). Each electron pixel beam may correspond to an x-ray target (124) and x-ray pixel beam collimation aperture (136, 138) to convert a portion of energy associated with the electron pixel beam to a corresponding x-ray pixel beam (140, 142). Further, the x-ray pixel beam array collimator (130) forms a one-to-one correspondence between individual electron pixel beam and its corresponding x-ray pixel beam. One exemplary clinical system may include a high-energy electron source (1203), an n-stage scanning system (1210), x-ray pixel beam targets (1212), and an x-ray pixel beam array collimator (1214).

Abstract: An electron microscope comprising an electron emitting cathode equipped with a carbon nanotube and an extraction unit to field-emit electrons. The carbon nanotube contains a sharp portion which is approximately conical shape at tip thereof closed at the electron-emitting cathode. A method of manufacturing carbon nanotube having a sharp angle part at the tip thereof, comprising a step of placing and heat-treating a tip-sharpened carbon nanotube still at a lower temperature than a phase transition temperature and a step of placing and heat-treating a tip-sharpened carbon nanotube still at a higher temperature than a phase transition temperature.

Abstract: A miniature X-ray source device for effecting radiation therapy at least comprising a vacuum tube containing a cathode and an anode spaced apart at some distance from each other; emitting means for emitting free electrons from the cathode; electric field generating means for applying during use a high-voltage electric field between the cathode and the anode for accelerating the emitted free electrons towards the anode, as well as an exit window for X-ray radiation being generating at the anode. The present invention provides an improved miniature X-ray source device, that can also properly be used in treating skin cancer and which is easy to handle. The anode is provided with a flat X-ray emitting surface. In particular, the cathode exhibits a concave shaped surface having a center part surrounded by an upright circumferential edge, wherein the center part of the concave shaped surface is provided with an electron emitting material.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is a multilayer electrode (3), acid etching thereof and also organic light-emitting devices incorporating it. The multilayer electrode, known as a lower electrode for an organic light-emitting device (10), successively comprises:—a contact layer (31) based on a metal oxide and/or a metal nitride; a functional metallic layer (32) having intrinsic electrical conductivity properties; a thin blocking layer (32) directly on the functional layer, the layer comprising a metallic layer having a thickness less than or equal to 5 nm and/or a layer with a thickness less than or equal to 10 nm, which is based on a substoichiometric metal oxide, substoichiometric metal oxynitride or substoichiometric metal nitride; a coating comprising an overlayer based on a metal oxide (34) for adapting the work function.

Abstract: Particles, which may include nanoparticles, are mixed with carbon nanotubes and deposited on a substrate to form a cold cathode. The particles enhance the field emission characteristics of the carbon nanotubes. An additional activation step may be performed on the deposited carbon nanotube mixture to further enhance the emission of electrons.

Abstract: There are provided a semiconductor light emitting device using a phosphor film formed on a nanowire structure and a method of manufacturing the device, the device including: a substrate; a light emitting structure including a first conductivity type semiconductor layer, an active layer and a second conductivity type semiconductor layer sequentially formed on the substrate; a plurality of nanowire structures formed on the light emitting structure and formed of a transparent material; and a phosphor film formed on at least an upper surface and a side surface of each of the plurality of nanowire structures.

Abstract: A nanostructure includes a plurality of metal nanoblades positioned with one edge on a substrate. Each of the plurality of metal nanoblades has a large surface area to mass ratio and a width smaller than a length. A method of storing hydrogen includes coating a plurality of magnesium nanoblades with a hydrogen storage catalyst and storing hydrogen by chemically forming magnesium hydride with the plurality of magnesium nanoblades.

Abstract: A field emission lamp includes a transparent glass tube, a cathode, and an anode. The anode and cathode are both disposed in the transparent glass tube. The cathode includes an electron emission layer. The anode includes a carbon nanotube transparent conductive film located on an inner wall of the transparent glass tube and a fluorescent layer located on the carbon nanotube transparent conductive film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a field emission display and a manufacturing method of the same having selective positioning of electron field emitters. More specifically, the present invention provides a field emission display and a manufacturing method of the same having selective positioning of electron field emitters which can prevent a cross-talk that is a mutual interference phenomenon between pixels and improve uniformity of pixels based on uniform electron emission by deciding positions of carbon nano-tubes which are sources of electron emission and growing carbon nano-tubes before the structure of electrodes is formed, and forming spacers directly on electrodes such that the spacers divide carbon nano-tubes formed uniformly and selectively into pixel units.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electron emitter having a nanostructure tip and an electron column using the same, and, more particularly, to an electron emitter which includes a nanostructure tip which can easily emit electrons, composed of carbon nanotube (CNT), zinc oxide nanotube (ZnO nanotube), zinc oxide nanorod, zinc oxide nanopillar, zinc oxide nanowire, zinc oxide nanoparticle or the like, and an electron column using the same.

Abstract: A semiconductor device has lateral conductors or traces that are formed of nanotubes such as carbon. A sacrificial layer is formed overlying the substrate. A dielectric layer is formed overlying the sacrificial layer. A lateral opening is formed by removing a portion of the dielectric layer and the sacrificial layer which is located between two columns of metallic catalysts. The lateral opening includes a neck portion and a cavity portion which is used as a constrained space to grow a nanotube. A plasma is used to apply electric charge that forms an electric field which controls the direction of formation of the nanotubes. Nanotubes from each column of metallic catalyst are laterally grown and either abut or merge into one nanotube. Contact to the nanotube may be made from either the neck portion or the columns of metallic catalysts.

Abstract: Means for achieving the purpose of the present invention includes an field emission type cathode composed of a single fibrous carbon substance and a conductive substrate supporting the same; an extraction apparatus for causing field emission of electrons; and an accelerator for accelerating electrons, wherein the aforementioned field emission type electron gun is further contains means for heating the aforementioned field emission cathode, and means for applying the voltage of the polarity that does not allow the aforementioned field emission type cathode to field-emit electrons. Thereby, the amorphous carbon is removed from the tip end of the fibrous carbon substance of the field emission type electron gun, without the tip end thereof being damaged.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a field emission electron source includes the following steps: (a) providing a pair of conductive bases (32, 42) each having a top (322, 422), the tops being spaced apart from and opposite to each other, the tops being immersed in a solution (50) having carbon nanotubes dispersed therein; (b) applying an alternating voltage (60) between the two conductive bases thereby causing at least one carbon nanotube to become assembled between the tops of the conductive bases; (c) shutting off the alternating voltage between the conductive bases and removing the solution between the tops of the two conductive bases; (d) detaching one of the two conductive bases in a matter such that the carbon nanotube remains connected with one of the tops of the conductive bases; and (e) modifying the carbon nanotube to create a low work function coating on a least a tip/free end thereof

Abstract: Surface field electron emitters using a carbon nanotube yarn and a method of fabricating the same are disclosed. To fabricate the carbon nanotube yarn for use in fabrication of simple and efficient carbon nanotube field electron emitters, the method performs densification of the carbon nanotube yarn during rotation of a plying unit and heat treatment of the carbon nanotube yarn that has passed through the plying unit without using organic or inorganic binders or polymer pastes. The method fabricates the carbon nanotube yarn with excellent homogeneity and reproducibility through a simple process. The carbon nanotube yarn-based surface field electron emitters can be applied to various light emitting devices.

Abstract: The present invention provides for an array of nanostructures grown on a conducting substrate. The array of nanostructures as provided herein is suitable for manufacturing electronic devices such as an electron beam writer, and a field emission device.

Abstract: A novel carbon nanotube (64) is featured in that it has the highest Raman scattering intensity in the vicinity of 1580 cm?1 in its Raman spectrum. Carbon nanotubes can be grown on and from the catalytic fine particles (63) which consist of ultra-fine particles of cobalt oxide catalyst onto a substrate comprising a conductive substrate (62) and fine particles (63) of catalyst formed on a surface thereof. An electron emission device (60) so configured as to emit electrons by applying a voltage to apical ends (64a) of such carbon nanotubes (64) can be reduced in driving voltage and can achieve a current such as to emit a fluorescent material on the market for low-velocity electron beams. The electron emission device (60) needs no gate and can thus simplify the structure and reduce the cost of a surface light-emitting device for which the element is used.

Abstract: An electron-emitting woven fabric according to the present invention is intended to provide an electron emission source that can be produced extremely easily, readily shaped to have a large area, and used for a wide variety of applications including a display device. The electron-emitting woven fabric according to the present invention is characterized in that first linear bodies 3 composed of a conductive layer 1 and an insulating layer 2 covering the conductive layer 1 and second linear bodies 4 of a conductive material are crossed. Another mode of the electron-emitting woven fabric according to the present invention is characterized in that a carbonaceous material is provided on a surface of each of crossed parts of the second linear bodies crossing the first linear bodies at lifted portions and/or sunk portions of the first linear bodies.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electron column using an electron emission source, to which one or more carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are attached, in an electron column structure including an electron emission source and lenses. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of easily aligning a carbon nanotube (CNT) tip, and an electron column capable of using the method.

Abstract: A composition for an integrated cathode-electron emission source includes (A) 0.5 to 60 wt % of a metal powder, (B) 0.1 to 10 wt % of a carbon-based material, (C) 1 to 40 wt % of an inorganic filler, and (D) 5 to 95 wt % of a vehicle. A method of making an integrated cathode-electron emission source includes coating the composition on a substrate, and heat treating the coated substrate. An electron emission device includes a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other, an integrated cathode-electron emission source including a metal and a carbon-based electron emission source on one surface of the first substrate, and a light emitting unit on one surface of the second substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a field emitter electrode, in which nanowires are aligned horizontally, perpendicularly or at any angle between horizontal and perpendicular according to the direction of a generated electromagnetic field. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a field emitter electrode having nanowires aligned horizontally, perpendicularly or at any angle between horizontal and perpendicular according to the direction of a generated electromagnetic field, the method comprising the steps of diluting nanowires in a solvent, dispersing the resulting solution on a substrate fixed to the upper part of an electromagnetic field generator, and fixing the nanowires aligned in the direction of an electromagnetic field generated from the electromagnetic field generator.

Abstract: A method for forming a contact to a substrate is disclosed. The method includes providing a substrate, the substrate being doped with a first dopant; and diffusing a second dopant into at least a first side of the substrate to form a second dopant region, the first side further including a first side surface area. The method also includes forming a dielectric layer on the first side of the substrate. The method further includes forming a set of composite layer regions on the dielectric layer, wherein each composite layer region of the set of composite layer regions further includes a set of Group IV semiconductor nanoparticles and a set of metal particles. The method also includes heating the set of composite layer regions to a first temperature, wherein at least some composite layer regions of the set of composite layer regions etch through the dielectric layer and form a set of contacts with the second dopant region.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a paste for an electron emission source, which can retain good electric contact between CNT and a cathode electrode, by containing an electrically conductive particle having a particle diameter within the optimal range. A paste for an electron emission source containing a carbon nanotube having a diameter of 1 nm or more and less than 10 nm, and an electrically conductive part having an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 1 ?m.

Abstract: Disclosed are to provide a modified carbon nanotube obtained by reacting a polymer to a carbon nanotube by a radical graft method, capable of minimizing lowering of a physical property of a carbon nanotube caused when being modified, and capable of enhancing dispersibility of the carbon nanotube and an adhesion strength between carbon nanotubes, the polymer having a molecular weight controlled by a living radical polymerization and still having a living radical end group.

Abstract: A field emission electron source (10) includes a conductive base (12), a carbon nanotube (14), and a film of metal (16). The conductive base includes a top (122). One end (142) of the carbon nanotube is electrically connected with the top of the conductive base. The other end (144) of the carbon nanotube extends outwardly away from the top of the conductive base. The film of metal is formed on the nearly entire surface of the carbon nanotube and at least on the portion of the top of the conductive base proximate the carbon nanotube. A method for manufacturing the described field emission electron source is also provided.

Abstract: Described is a method for preparation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with medium to low-site density growth for use in field emission devices (FEDs). The method involves the deposition of a non-catalytic metal layer (interlayer), preferably a metallic conductor, onto the surface of a substrate, prior to the deposition of a catalytic layer (overlayer). The interlayer allows for only partial (sparse) growth of CNTs on the substrate, and helps to prevent resist layer “lift-off” when photolithographic processing is employed.

Abstract: The present invention provides for nanostructures grown on a conducting substrate, and a method of making the same. The nanostructures grown according to the claimed method are suitable for manufacturing electronic devices such as an electron beam writer, and a field emission display.

Abstract: A field emission device in which a protective material is employed in relation to the anode wherein the protective material is selected from one or more members of the group consisting of amorphous carbon, graphite, diamond-like carbon, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, a (co)polymer and an organic coating compound.

Abstract: A method of forming a Carbon NanoTube (CNT) structure and a method of manufacturing a Field Emission Device (FED) using the method of forming a CNT structure includes: forming an electrode on a substrate, forming a buffer layer on the electrode, forming a catalyst layer in a particle shape on the buffer layer, etching the buffer layer exposed through the catalyst layer, and growing CNTs from the catalyst layer formed on the etched buffer layer.

Abstract: A non-radioactive source for Atmospheric Pressure Ionization is described. The electron-beam sealed tube uses a pyroelectric crystal(s). One end of the crystal is grounded while the other end has a metallic cap with sharp feature to generate an electron beam of a given energy. The rate of heating and/or cooling of the crystal is used to control the current generated from a tube. A heating and/or cooling element such as a Peltier element is useful for controlling the rate of cooling of the crystal. A thin window that is transparent to electrons but impervious to gases is needed in order to prolong the life of the tube and allow the extraction of the electrons. If needed, multiple crystals with independent heaters can be used to provide continuous operation of the device. The energy of the electrons can be determined through the appropriate choice of the radius of curvature of the sharp feature and the gap between the sharp feature and the window, while the opposite side of the crystal is at low voltage.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a field emission element, the method includes providing one supporting member and wrapping a carbon nanotube (CNT) film around an outer surface of the supporting member at least once. The CNT film includes a plurality of bundles of carbon nanotubes connected in series.

Abstract: The scale of the devices in a diode array storage device, and their cost, are reduced by changing the semiconductor based diodes in the storage array to cold cathode, field emitter based devices. The field emitters and a field emitter array may be fabricated utilizing a topography-based lithographic technique.

Abstract: A thermionic emission device includes an insulating substrate, and one or more grids located thereon. Each grid includes a first, second, third and fourth electrode down-leads located on the periphery thereof, and a thermionic electron emission unit therein. The first and second electrode down-leads are parallel to each other. The third and fourth electrode down-leads are parallel to each other. The first and second electrode down-leads are insulated from the third and fourth electrode down-leads. The thermionic electron emission unit includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a thermionic electron emitter. The first electrode and the second electrode are separately located and electrically connected to the first electrode down-lead and the third electrode down-lead respectively. The thermionic electron emitter includes at least one carbon nanotube wire.

Abstract: A plasma-discharge light emitting device is provided. The plasma-discharge light emitting device may include: rear and front panels separated from each other in a predetermined interval, wherein at least one discharge cell may be provided between the rear and front panels, and wherein plasma discharge may be generated in the discharge cells; a pair of discharge electrodes provided on at least one of the rear and front panels for each of the discharge cells; a trench provided as a portion of each of the discharge cells between the pair of the discharge electrodes; and electron-emitting material layers provided on both sidewalls of the trench.

Abstract: A carbon-based composition comprising graphite carbon nano-fibers intercalated with a metal useful as a thermionic electron emission material.

Abstract: A cathode structure of triode type which, superimposed over a substrate, includes a cathode electrode, an electric insulating layer, and a gate electrode, the electric insulating layer and the gate electrode having emission openings revealing at least one electron-emitting element electrically connected to the cathode electrode. The structure further includes a refocusing electrode arranged to refocus the electrons extracted by the gate electrode. The refocusing electrode is arranged on the electric insulating layer and is connected to an electric connection allowing a refocusing voltage to be applied to it via electrically conductive nanotubes. The cathode structure can be applied to a matrix-addressed field emission device.

Abstract: A light source apparatus (8) includes a rear plate (80), a front plate formed with an anode layer (82), and a cathode (81) interposed therebetween. The cathode includes a plurality of electrically conductive carriers (812) and a plurality of field emitters (816) formed thereon. The field emitters are uniformly distributed on anode-facing surfaces of the conductive carriers. Preferably, the field emitters extend radially outwardly from the corresponding conductive carriers. The conductive carriers are parallel with each other, and are located substantially on a common plane. Each of the conductive carriers can be connected with a pulling device arranged at least one end thereof, and an example of the pulling device is a spring. The conductive carriers may be cylindrical, prism-shaped or polyhedral.

Abstract: A magnetic head for use in a magnetic recording apparatus for magnetically recording information in a state of heating and elevating the temperature of a recording portion of a recording medium by emitting electrons to the recording medium, the magnetic head including a recording magnetic pole having a magnetic surface opposed to the recording medium, and supplying a magnetic flux to the recording medium and an electron emitting source formed in the recording magnetic pole. The electron emitting source has a concave portion having an opening formed in the recording magnetic pole and open to the recording magnetic pole surface and a bundle of a plurality of carbon nanotubes each extending from the bottom to the opening of the concave portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for enhancing the electron transport property measurements of a molecule when the molecule is placed between chemically functionalized carbon-based nanoscopic electrodes to which a suitable voltage bias is applied. The invention includes selecting a dopant atom for the nanoscopic electrodes, the dopant atoms being chemically similar to atoms present in the molecule, and functionalizing the outer surface and terminations of the electrodes with the dopant atoms.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for making an electrode. Firstly, a conducting substrate is provided. Secondly, a plurality of nano-sized structures is formed on the conducting substrate by a nano-imprinting method. Thirdly, a coating is formed on the nano-sized structures. The nano-sized structures are configured for increasing specific surface area of the electrode.

Abstract: An array of vertically aligned electron emitting nanotips such as multiwall carbon nanotubes are formed and patterned for use as a lithographic stamp. The spacing and/or arrangement of the nanotips correspond to a predetermined pattern that is desired to be formed on an opposing substrate. Simultaneous actuation of the nanotips by a common electrode forms a pattern on the opposing substrate without any necessary scanning techniques or use of masks. Applying a sufficient electrical potential between the array and the substrate generates electron emission from the tips so as to cure a resist, produce localized electrochemical reactions, establish localized electrostatic charge distributions or perform other desirable coating or etching process steps so as to create nanoelectronic circuitry or to facilitate molecular or nanoscale processing.

Abstract: Polymerizable compositions comprising nanopartilces particularly useful for brightness enhancing films.

Abstract: A composition for preparing an electron emitter, an electron emitter produced by using the composition, and an electron emission device comprising the electron emitter are provided. The composition for preparing an electron emitter includes carbon-based materials and vehicles, wherein the vehicles comprise a polymer having a vinyl pivalate monomer. The composition for preparing an electron emitter improves a printing and a current-voltage characteristic simultaneously.

Abstract: A field emission electron source having carbon nanotubes includes a CNT string and a conductive base. The CNT string has an end portion and a broken end portion, the end portion is contacted with and electrically connected to the surface of the conductive base. The CNTs at the broken end portion form a tooth-shape structure, wherein some CNTs protruding and higher than the adjacent CNTs. Each protruding CNT functions as an electron emitter. Further, a method for manufacturing a field emission electron source is provided. The field emission efficiency of the field emission electron source is high.

Abstract: A thermionic converter is disclosed comprising a single or multiple hot (emitter) and cold (collector) electrodes mounted side-by-side on a single substrate and a static electromagnetic for guiding electrodes from the emitter to the collector. The thermal path between emitter and collector electrodes is interrupted by cuts or trenches, and electrical connections to the electrodes are routed over a meander-like, high thermal resistance pathway cut into the substrate to further reduce thermal loss. In one embodiment, an Avto metal surface texture of nanoscale indents is provided on one or more of the electrodes to lower a work function. A method for fabricating said monolithic thermionic converter is further disclosed.

Abstract: A method for making packets of nanostructures is presented. The method includes etching trenches in a silicon substrate. Nanostructures are grown in the trenches. The trenches are then filled with a filler material. Any filler and/or nanostructures material extending beyond the trench is removed. The silicon substrate is etched away, resulting in a nanopellet surrounding the nanostructures and wherein each nanostructures has a generally uniform length and direction. Nanostructures can comprise nanotubes, nanowires and nanofibers. The method eases the manipulation of nanostructures while providing geometrical uniformity.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube based memory device comprises a set of three concentric carbon nanotubes having different diameters. The diameters of the three concentric carbon nanotubes are selected such that an inner carbon nanotube is semiconducting, and intershell electron transport occurs between adjacent carbon nanotubes. Source and drain contacts are made to the inner carbon nanotube, and a gate contact is made to the outer carbon nanotube. The carbon nanotube based memory device is programmed by storing electrons or holes in the middle carbon nanotube through intershell electron transport. Changes in conductance of the inner carbon nanotube due to the charge in the middle shell are detected to determine the charge state of the middle carbon nanotube. Thus, the carbon nanotube based memory device stores information in the middle carbon nanotube in the form of electrical charge.

Abstract: Method and system for providing a dynamically reconfigurable display having nanometer-scale resolution, using a patterned array of multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) clusters. A diode, phosphor or other light source on each MWCNT cluster is independently activated, and different color light sources (e.g., red, green, blue, grey scale, infrared) can be mixed if desired. Resolution is estimated to be 40-100 nm, and reconfiguration time for each MWCNT cluster is no greater than one microsecond.