Abstract: A substrate processing system configured to process substrates includes a substrate transport assembly that encloses a controlled environment defined within a continuous transport volume and at least two process modules coupled to the substrate transport assembly. The substrate transport assembly is configured to transport substrates to and from the at least two process modules through the continuous transport volume. At least two gas boxes are configured to deliver gas mixtures to the at least two process modules. An exhaust duct configured to selectively evacuate the at least two process modules through the at least two gas boxes. Surfaces of the at least two gas boxes include perforations configured to allow gases to flow from the at least two gas boxes into the exhaust duct.

Abstract: A tunable upper plasma exclusion zone (PEZ) ring adjusts a distance of plasma during processing in a processing chamber and includes: a lower surface that includes: a horizontal portion; and an upwardly tapered outer portion that is conical and that extends outwardly and upwardly from the horizontal portion at an upward taper angle of about 5° to 50° with respect to the horizontal portion, where an outer diameter of the upwardly tapered outer portion is greater than 300 millimeters (mm), and where an inner diameter where the upwardly tapered outer portion begins to extend upwardly is less than 300 mm. A controller is to, during processing of a 300 mm circular substrate, adjust the distance of plasma for treatment of the 300 mm circular substrate at least one of radially inward and radially outward using the tunable upper PEZ ring.

Abstract: An electroplating apparatus includes an electrode at the bottom of a chamber, an ionically resistive element with through holes arranged horizontally at the top of the chamber, with a membrane in the middle. One or more panels extend vertically and parallelly from the membrane to the element and extend linearly across the chamber, forming a plurality of regions between the membrane and the element. A substrate with a protuberance extending along a chord of the substrate and contacting a top surface of the element is arranged above a first region. An electrolyte flowed between the substrate and the element descends into the first region via the through holes on a first side of the protuberance and ascends from the first region via the through holes on a second side of the protuberance, forcing air bubbles out from a portion of the element associated with the first region.

Abstract: Methods for forming a vertical growth mask for use in etching applications are described herein. Disclosed embodiments include introducing a tungsten-containing deposition precursor and one or more carrier gases while igniting a plasma to deposit tungsten selectively on field regions of positive features of a patterned etch mask without substantial deposition on sidewalls of the positive features or on an exposed surface of a target layer underlying the patterned etch mask.

Abstract: A method for calibration including determining a temperature induced offset in a pedestal of a process module under a temperature condition for a process. The method includes delivering a wafer to the pedestal of the process module by a robot, and detecting an entry offset. The method includes rotating the wafer over the pedestal by an angle. The method includes removing the wafer from the pedestal by the robot and measuring an exit offset. The method includes determining a magnitude and direction of the temperature induced offset using the entry offset and exit offset.

Abstract: A drive circuit for providing RF power to a component of a substrate processing system includes a plasma source operating at a first frequency. A load includes the component of the substrate processing system. An impedance network connects the plasma source to the load. A current sensor senses current at an output of the plasma source. A voltage sensor senses voltage at the output of the plasma source. A controller includes a tuned frequency calculator configured to calculate a tuned frequency for the plasma source based on the voltage, the current, and a configuration of the impedance network and to adjust the first frequency based on the tuned frequency.

Abstract: A system and method for generating a radio frequency (RF) waveform are described. The method includes defining a train of on-off pulses separated by an off state having no on-off pulses. The method further includes applying a multi-level pulse waveform that adjusts a magnitude of each of the on-off pulses to generate an RF waveform. The method includes sending the RF waveform to an electrode.

Abstract: A heat shield structure for a substrate support in a substrate processing system includes an outer shield configured to surround a stem of the substrate support. The outer shield is further configured to define an inner volume between the outer shield and an upper portion of the stem and a lower surface of the substrate support and a vertical channel between the outer shield and a lower portion of the stem of the substrate support. The outer shield includes a cylindrical portion, a first lateral portion extending radially outward from the cylindrical portion, an angled portion extending radially outward and upward from the first lateral portion, and a second lateral portion extending radially outward from the angled portion.

Abstract: A plasma processing system is provided. The system includes a chamber, a controller and a showerhead disposed in the chamber. A first gas manifold is connected to the showerhead for providing a first gas from a first gas source responsive to control from the controller. A shower-pedestal is disposed in the chamber and oriented opposite the showerhead. A second gas manifold is connected to the shower-pedestal for providing a second gas from a second gas source responsive to control from the controller. A substrate support for holding a substrate at a spaced apart relationship from the shower-pedestal is provided. A radio frequency (RF) power supply for providing power to the showerhead to generate a plasma is provided. The plasma is used for depositing a film on a back-side of the substrate, when present in the chamber. The substrate is held by the substrate support in the spaced apart relationship from the shower-pedestal, during backside deposition.

Abstract: Various embodiments include methods and chemistries to etch metal-oxide films. In one embodiment, a method of etching tin oxide (SnO2) films includes using thionyl chloride (SOCl2) chemistry to produce an etch rate of the SnO2 films of up to 10-times higher as compared with Cl2 chemistry for similar flow-rates and process conditions, and gettering oxygen species from the SnO2 films by using the SOCl2, thereby forming volatile SO2 and volatile SnCl4 to provide human safety and machine safety and operations. Other methods, chemistries, and techniques are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for evaluating synergy of modification and removal operations for a wide variety of materials to determine process conditions for self-limiting etching by atomic layer etching are provided herein. Methods include determining the surface binding energy of the material, selecting a modification gas for the material where process conditions for modifying a surface of the material generate energy less than the modification energy and greater than the desorption energy, selecting a removal gas where process conditions for removing the modified surface generate energy greater than the desorption energy to remove the modified surface but less than the surface binding energy of the material to prevent sputtering, and calculating synergy to maximize the process window for atomic layer etching.

Abstract: A matchless plasma source is described. The matchless plasma source includes a controller that is coupled to a direct current (DC) voltage source of an agile DC rail to control a shape of an amplified square waveform that is generated at an output of a half-bridge transistor circuit. The matchless plasma source further includes the half-bridge transistor circuit used to generate the amplified square waveform to power an electrode, such as an antenna, of a plasma chamber. The matchless plasma source also includes a reactive circuit between the half-bridge transistor circuit and the electrode. The reactive circuit has a high-quality factor to negate a reactance of the electrode. There is no radio frequency (RF) match and an RF cable that couples the matchless plasma source to the electrode.

Abstract: A processing chamber such as a plasma etch chamber can perform deposition and etch operations, where byproducts of the deposition and etch operations can build up in a vacuum pump system fluidly coupled to the processing chamber. A vacuum pump system may have multiple roughing pumps so that etch gases can be diverted a roughing pump and deposition precursors can be diverted to another roughing pump. A divert line may route unused deposition precursors through a separate roughing pump. Deposition byproducts can be prevented from forming by incorporating one or more gas ejectors or venturi pumps at an outlet of a primary pump in a vacuum pump system. Cleaning operations, such as waferless automated cleaning operations, using certain clean chemistries may remove deposition byproducts before or after etch operations.

Abstract: An assembly for use in a process chamber for depositing a film on a wafer. The assembly includes a pedestal having a pedestal top surface extending from a central axis of the pedestal to an outer edge, the pedestal top surface having a plurality of wafer supports for supporting a wafer. A pedestal step having a step surface extending from a step inner diameter towards the outer edge of the pedestal. A focus ring rests on the step surface and having a mesa extending from an outer diameter of the focus ring to a mesa inner diameter. A shelf steps downwards from a mesa surface at the mesa inner diameter, and extends between the mesa inner diameter and an inner diameter of the focus ring. The shelf is configured to support at least a portion of a wafer bottom surface of the wafer at a process temperature.

Abstract: Computer-implemented methods of optimizing a process simulation model that predicts a result of a semiconductor device fabrication operation to process parameter values characterizing the semiconductor device fabrication operation are disclosed. The methods involve generating cost values using a computationally predicted result of the semiconductor device fabrication operation and a metrology result produced, at least in part, by performing the semiconductor device fabrication operation in a reaction chamber operating under a set of fixed process parameter values. The determination of the parameters of the process simulation model may employ pre-process profiles, via optimization of the resultant post-process profiles of the parameters against profile metrology results. Cost values for, e.g., optical scatterometry, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy may be used to guide optimization.

Abstract: A rotational indexer rotatable to move semiconductor wafers or other items between various stations arranged in a circular array. The items being moved may be supported by arms of the indexer during such movement. The rotational indexer may be further configured to also cause the items being moved to rotate about other rotational axes to cause rotation of the items relative to the arms supporting them.

Abstract: In one example, an electroplating system comprises a first bath reservoir, a second bath reservoir, a clamp, a first anode in the first bath reservoir, a second anode in the second bath reservoir, and a direct current power supply. The first bath reservoir contains a first electrolyte solution that includes an alkaline copper-complexed solution. The second bath reservoir contains a second electrolyte solution that includes an acidic copper plating solution. The direct current power supply generates a first direct current between the clamp and the first anode to electroplate a first copper layer on the cobalt layer of the wafer submerged in the first electrolyte solution. The direct current power supply then generates a second direct current between the clamp and the second anode to electroplate a second copper layer on the first copper layer of the wafer submerged in the second electrolyte solution.

Abstract: A chamber is provided. The chamber includes a Faraday shield positioned above a substrate support of the chamber. A dielectric window is disposed over the Faraday shield, and the dielectric window has a center opening. A hub having an internal plenum for passing a flow of fluid received from an input conduit and removing the flow of fluid from an output conduit is further provided. The hub has sidewalls and a center cavity inside of the sidewalls for an optical probe, and the internal plenum is disposed in the sidewalls. The hub has an interface surface that is in physical contact with a back side of the Faraday shield. The physical contact provides for a thermal couple to the Faraday shield at a center region around said center opening, and an outer surface of the sidewalls of the hub are disposed within the center opening of the dielectric window.

Abstract: A substrate processing system for selectively etching a substrate includes a first chamber and a second chamber. A first gas delivery system supplies an inert gas species to the first chamber. A plasma generating system generates plasma including ions and metastable species in the first chamber. A gas distribution device removes the ions from the plasma, blocks ultraviolet (UV) light generated by the plasma and delivers the metastable species to the second chamber. A substrate support is arranged below the gas distribution device to support the substrate. A second gas delivery system delivers a reactive gas species to one of the gas distribution device or a volume located below the gas distribution device. The metastable species transfer energy to the reactive gas species to selectively etch one exposed material of the substrate more than at least one other exposed material of the substrate.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the disclosed apparatus is a heat-pipe cooling system that includes a conical structure having an upper portion that is truncated. The conical structure is configured to be formed above a dielectric window with the conical structure being configured to condense vapor from a heat-transfer fluid placed or formed within a volume formed between the dielectric window and the conical structure. At least one cooling coil is formed on an exterior portion of the conical structure. Other apparatuses and systems are disclosed.