Abstract: Various embodiments described herein relate to methods, apparatus, and systems for treating metal-containing photoresist to modify material properties of the photoresist. For instance, the techniques herein may involve providing a substrate in a process chamber, where the substrate includes a photoresist layer over a substrate layer, and where the photoresist includes metal, and treating the photoresist to modify material properties of the photoresist such that etch selectivity in a subsequent post-exposure dry development process is increased. In various embodiments, the treatment may involve exposing the substrate to elevated temperatures and/or to a remote plasma. One or more process conditions such as temperature, pressure, ambient gas chemistry, gas flow/ratio, and moisture may be controlled during treatment to tune the material properties as desired.

Abstract: Systems and methods for increasing peak ion energy with a low angular spread of ions are described. In one of the systems, multiple radio frequency (RF) generators that are coupled to an upper electrode associated with a plasma chamber are operated in two different states, such as two different frequency levels, for pulsing of the RF generators. The pulsing of the RF generators facilitates a transfer of ion energy during one of the states to another one of the states for increasing ion energy during the other state to further increase a rate of processing a substrate.

Abstract: In one example, an electroplating apparatus is provided for electroplating a wafer. The electroplating apparatus comprises a wafer holder for holding a wafer during an electroplating operation and a plating cell configured to contain an electrolyte during the electroplating operation. An anode chamber is disposed within the plating cell, and a charge plate is disposed within the anode chamber. An anode is positioned above the charge plate within the anode chamber. In some examples, the anode chamber is a membrane-less anode chamber.

Abstract: A multi-signal radio frequency (RF) source includes an RF source; and a switch including an input in communication with an output of the RF source, a first output and a second output. The switch is configured to selectively connect the input to one of the first output and the second output. An RF generator in communication with the first output of the multi-signal RF source is configured to generate plasma in a processing chamber. A remote plasma generator in communication with the second output of the multi-signal RF source is configured to supply remote plasma to the processing chamber.

Abstract: Tin oxide films are used as spacers and hardmasks in semiconductor device manufacturing. In one method, tin oxide layer (e.g., spacer footing) needs to be selectively etched in a presence of an exposed silicon-containing layer, such as SiOC, SiON, SiONC, amorphous silicon, SiC, or SiN. In order to reduce damage to the silicon-containing layer the process involves passivating the silicon-containing layer towards a tin oxide etch chemistry, etching the tin oxide, and repeating passivation and etch in an alternating fashion. For example, passivation and etch can be each performed between 2-50 times. In one implementation, passivation is performed by treating the substrate with an oxygen-containing reactant, activated in a plasma, and the tin oxide etching is performed by a chlorine-based chemistry, such as using a mixture of Cl2 and BCl3.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and apparatuses for filling features metal-containing materials. One aspect of the disclosure relates to a method for filling structures with a metal-containing material, the method including: providing a structure to be filled with a metal-containing material, exposing the structure to multiple deposition cycles, with each deposition cycle including exposure to one or more alternating reducing agent (e.g. hydrogen (H2)) dose/inert gas purge pulses pulse followed by exposure to one or more alternating metal precursor dose pulses and inert gas purge pulses. The metal may be tungsten (W) or molybdenum (Mo) in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the structure is a partially fabricated (3-D) NAND structure. Apparatuses to perform the methods are also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing stacks is provided. A first gas source is provided. A first gas manifold is connected to the first gas source. A first processing station has a first gas outlet, wherein the first gas outlet is connected to the first gas manifold. A first variable conductance valve is between the first gas source and the first gas outlet along the first gas manifold.

Abstract: A substrate processing system for treating a substrate includes a manifold and a plurality of injector assemblies located in a processing chamber. Each of the plurality of injector assemblies is in fluid communication with the manifold and includes a valve including an inlet and an outlet. A dose controller is configured to communicate with the valve in each of the plurality of injector assemblies and adjust a pulse width supplied to the valve in each of the plurality of injector assemblies based on at least one of manufacturing differences between the valves in each of the plurality of injector assemblies and non-uniformities of the valves in each of the plurality of injector assemblies to cause a desired dose to be supplied from the valve in each of the plurality of injector assemblies.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing signals to a device may include one or more radiofrequency signal generators, and electrically-small transmission line, which couples signals from the one or more RF signal generators to the fabrication chamber. The apparatus may additionally include a reactive circuit to transform impedance of the electrically-small transmission line from a region of relatively high impedance-sensitivity to region of relatively low impedance-sensitivity.

Abstract: A controller for adjusting a height of an edge ring in a substrate processing system includes an edge ring wear calculation module configured to receive at least one input indicative of one or more erosion rates of the edge ring, calculate at least one erosion rate of the edge ring based on the at least one input, and calculate an amount of erosion of the edge ring based on the at least one erosion rate. An actuator control module is configured to adjust the height of the edge ring based on the amount of erosion as calculated by the edge ring wear calculation module.

Abstract: A furnace for electromagnetic casting a tubular-shaped silicon ingot is provided. The furnace includes a mold, outer and inner induction coils and a support member. The mold includes an outer crucible and an inner crucible. The outer crucible is annular-shaped. The inner crucible is disposed in the outer crucible and spaced away from the outer crucible to provide a gap between the inner crucible and the outer crucible. The mold is configured to receive granular silicon in the gap. The outer induction coil disposed around the outer crucible. The inner induction coil disposed in the inner crucible. The outer induction coil and the inner induction coil are configured to heat and melt the granular silicon in the mold to form a tubular-shaped silicon ingot. The support member is configured to hold and move a seed relative to the mold during formation of the tubular-shaped silicon ingot on the seed.

Abstract: A substrate processing system includes a multi-zone cooling apparatus to provide cooling for all or substantially all of a window in a substrate processing chamber. In one aspect, the apparatus includes one or more plenums to cover all or substantially all of a window in a substrate processing chamber, including under an energy source for transformer coupled plasma in the substrate processing chamber. One or more air amplifiers and accompanying conduits provide air to the one or more plenums to provide air flow to the window. The conduits are connected to plenum inlets at various distances from the center, to direct airflow throughout the window and thus address center hot, middle hot, and edge hot conditions, depending on the processes being carried out in the chamber. In one aspect, the one or more plenums include a central air inlet, to direct air toward the center portion of the window, to address center hot conditions.

Abstract: A showerhead utilized within a process chamber includes a first inlet for receiving a first gas from a first source at a center region of an inner plenum defined therein. A plurality of second inlets is defined along a peripheral region of the showerhead for receiving a second gas from a second source. A plurality of conduits couples the edge plenum to an outer edge of the inner plenum so as to supply the second gas to the inner plenum. The first gas creates an inner flow that flows radially outward from the center region to an outer edge of the inner plenum and the second gas supplied by the edge plenum creates a perimeter flow that flows inward from the outer edge of the inner plenum toward the center region. A stagnation point defining an adjustable radius is formed at an interface of the first gas and the second gas.

Abstract: In some examples, a gas mixer comprises a body and an orbital array of gas inlets for receiving one or more constituents of a mixed gas. A mixed gas outlet emits a mixed gas from the body and is disposed at a center of the orbital array of gas inlets. A central gas mixing point, separate from the mixed gas outlet, comprises an internal volume disposed within the body and is surrounded by the orbital array of gas inlet. The internal volume is in fluid communication with the orbital array of gas inlets via a corresponding array of gas pathways extending from the internal volume to each of the gas inlets. Each gas path length of the respective gas pathways is the same. Control circuitry is configured to control gas flow rate within each of the gas pathways individually.

Abstract: Etch in a thermal etch reaction is predicted using a machine learning model. Chemical characteristics of an etch process and associated energies in one or more reaction pathways of a given thermal etch reaction are identified using a quantum mechanical simulation. Labels indicative of etch characteristics may be associated with the chemical characteristics and associated energies of the given thermal etch reaction. The machine learning model can be trained using chemical characteristics and associated energies as independent variables and labels as dependent variables across many different etch reactions of different types. When chemical characteristics and associated energies for a new thermal etch reaction are provided as inputs in the machine learning model, the machine learning model can accurately predict etch characteristics of the new thermal etch reaction as outputs.

Abstract: A method for selectively etching layers of a first material with respect to layers of a second material in a stack is provided. The layers of the first material are partially etched with respect to the layers of the second material. A deposition layer is selectively deposited on the stack, wherein portions of the deposition layer covering the layers of the second material are thicker than portions covering the layers of the first material, the selective depositing comprising providing a first reactant, purging some of the first reactant, wherein some undeposited first reactant is not purged, and providing a second reactant, wherein the undeposited first reactant combines with the second reactant and selectively deposits on the layers of the second material with respect to the layers of the first material. The layers of the first material are selectively etched with respect to the layers of the second material.

Abstract: An atmosphere-to-vacuum (ATV) transfer module for a substrate processing tool includes a first side configured to interface with at least one loading station, a transfer robot assembly arranged within the ATV transfer module, and a second side opposite the first side. The transfer robot assembly is configured to transfer substrates between the at least one loading station and at least one load lock arranged between the ATV transfer module and a vacuum transfer module (VTM). The second side is configured to interface with the at least one load lock. The transfer robot assembly is arranged adjacent to the second side, and the at least one load lock extends through the second side into an interior volume of the ATV transfer module.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for depositing material into high aspect ratio features are described herein. Methods involve depositing an oxide material using a hydrogen-containing oxidizing chemistry. Methods may also involve thermally treating deposited oxide material in the presence of hydrogen to remove seams within the deposited oxide material.

Abstract: A confinement ring for a substrate processing system includes a lower wall, an outer wall, and an upper wall defining a plasma region within the confinement ring. A first plurality of slots is formed within the lower wall. The first plurality of slots provides fluid communication between the plasma region within the confinement ring and an environment external to the confinement ring. A recess is defined in a lower surface of the lower wall. A lower ring is arranged within the recess of the lower surface. The lower ring includes a second plurality of slots that provides fluid communication between the plasma region within the confinement ring and an environment external to the confinement ring via the first plurality of slots.

Abstract: A pedestal assembly including a pedestal for supporting a substrate. A central shaft positions the pedestal at a height during operation. A ring is placed along a periphery of the pedestal. A ring adjuster subassembly includes an adjuster flange disposed around a middle section of the central shaft. The subassembly includes a sleeve connected to the adjuster flange and extending from the adjuster flange to an adjuster plate disposed under the pedestal. The subassembly includes ring adjuster pins connected to the adjuster plate and extending vertically from the adjuster plate. Each of the ring adjuster pins being positioned on the adjuster plate at locations adjacent to and outside of a pedestal diameter. The ring adjuster pins contacting an edge undersurface of the ring. The adjuster flange coupled to at least three adjuster actuators for defining an elevation and tilt of the ring relative to a top surface of the pedestal.