Abstract: A battery cell inspection method in which the difference in the measured value in case of normal battery cell insertion and that incase of mistaken battery cell insertion is large to facilitate decision as to whether or not mistaken insertion occurred to enable stable result of decision to be achieved, and in which, if the area of the electrode plate and/or the number of the electrode plates making up a sole battery cell is small, decision as to mistaken insertion can be given easily to assure correct results of decision.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a dynamic system, for example, a continuously variable transmission for an automotive vehicle which adjusts a gear ratio by bringing a pulley position of a primary pulley into agreement with a target one through a hydraulic system under the feedforward and sliding mode control is provided. The apparatus calculates a feedforward-controlled variable in addition to a feedback-controlled variable and adjusts the pulley position of the primary pulley to a target one using the hydraulic pressure provided based on the sum of the feedforward-controlled variable and the feedback-controlled variable, thereby enhancing the robustness of the sliding mode control without causing the hunting.

Abstract: A magnesium alloy comprises magnesium, zinc in the amount of 4.0 to 15.0 weight % and silicon in the amount of 0.5 to 3.0 weight %, the weight % being based on the total amount of the alloy. The magnesium alloy further may contain manganese in the range of 0.2 to 0.4 weight %, beryllium in the range of 5 to 20 ppm by weight or rare earth metals in the range of 0.1 to 0.6 weight.