Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprises a fusing device for heating and fixing an unfixed image on a recording material while feeding the recording material, reversing device for reversing the recording material after passing the fusing device. The image forming apparatus operates in a first mode in which the recording material which passed the fusing device is ejected to an ejection section directly without being reversed, and a second mode in which the recording material which passed said fusing device is ejected to an ejection section after being reversed by the reversing device. A throughput of the recording material fed and/or the fusing temperature of the fusing device in the first mode being smaller or lower during at least part of an image forming process than in the second mode. With this image forming apparatus, the recording materials can be stacked in the ejection portion with improved quality and an excessive rise of temperature in the vicinity of the ejection portion can be avoided.

Abstract: An image fixing apparatus has a heater; a film; and a roller forming a nip with the heater with the film therebetween, the roller being driving to drive the film. A recording material carrying an unfixed image is fed by the nip so that the unfixed image is fixed on the recording material by heat from the heater, and the roller has a surface resin tube layer, wherein the center line average surface roughness Ra (.mu.m), a dynamic friction coefficient .mu., and a peripheral speed of the roller V (mm/sec) satisfy:when Ra 0.3,.mu..gtoreq.1.3.times.10.sup.-3 V+0.18when Ra.gtoreq.0.30.37.gtoreq.Ra.times..mu..gtoreq.6.4.times.10.sup.-4 V+4.8.times.10.sup.-3.The roller's surface resin tube layer includes two different types of resin or resin and rubber materials. The roller's tube layer is subject to electric discharge treatment.

Abstract: An image output control apparatus is constructed by a converter for converting first information to second information, a controller for starting an output preparing operation before the conversion of the first information of one page to the second information, a memory for holding a control value determined during the output preparing operation, a unit for temporarily stopping the output preparing operation, and a unit for restarting the output preparing operation, wherein the output preparing operation to be restarted is executed on the basis of the control value held in the memory.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including an image bearing member for bearing an image thereon, an intermediate transfer member having a base body and an elastic member provided outside the base body and onto which an image is transferrable from the image bearing member, and a second transfer member forming a nip portion between the second transfer member and the intermediate transfer member, for transferring an image from the intermediate transfer member to a transfer material in the nip portion. The hardness of the surface of the second transfer member is greater than the hardness of the surface of the intermediate transfer member.

Abstract: To provide a pressing rotor for a heating-fixing apparatus to permanently fix a toner image transferred onto a recording material by passing the image through a nip portion formed by a heating rotator and a pressing rotator, in which the pressing rotator has an elastic layer and a surface layer, and the surface layer is a tube made of a mixture of a fluororesin and a high-friction-factor resin having a friction factor higher than that of the fluororesin, and moreover, provide a heating-fixing apparatus comprising a pressing rotator of the above structure.

Abstract: A color image forming apparatus is provided with a number of image stations respectively corresponding to different color components and adapted to form images of respectively corresponding color components in succession and in superposed manner on a recording medium transported through the a number of image stations. The apparatus has memories for storing image data of respective color components to be supplied to the image stations, detectors for detecting aberration in registration of the images of respective color components formed by the image stations, and a controller for controlling the write-in positions of the image data of respective color components into the memories, based on the output of the detector.

Abstract: The present invention provides an envelope comprising an envelope body including a pair of sheet-shaped constructural pieces which provide a front surface and a back surface, respectively, and are connected to each other to form an opening at at least one side, and a fixing portion for preventing relative movement between the pair of sheet-shaped constructural pieces in a facial direction.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit device is provided for high-frequency or high-speed circuitry having stabilized characteristics and reduced influence on surrounding devices. In the device structure, ground leads extending from a metal substrate or metal layer for mounting ICs for high-frequency or high-speed circuitry are disposed adjacent to at least one side of signal leads and a width W or a space S of at least a part of the leads are set to inherent values for reducing the inductance of ground leads. Further, passive circuit chips for short-circuiting or blocking a high frequency signal are mounted on the metal substrate to suppress high-frequency component signals flowing through power supply leads and ground leads.

Abstract: An image forming method is disclosed in which an optical image is formed on an electrostatic latent image bearing member, and its light intensity is modulated in accordance with image information to form an electrostatic latent image, and then development is performed.

Abstract: A developing method includes the steps of opposing a developer carrying member to an image bearing member, the developing carrying member carrying a developer to the image bearing member for bearing an electrostatic image, supplying, to the developer carrying member, insulative one component developer having a weight average particle size of 4-8 microns, forming, between the image bearing member and the developer carrying member, an alternating electric field having a back-transfer period, transfer period and rest period, wherein a blank ratio of a sum of (i) the back-transfer period plus (ii) the transfer period and the rest period, during a developing operation, is 5:1-2:1.

Abstract: A bias voltage including an AC voltage component is applied to a development sleeve. When the development sleeve opposes a non-image region of a photosensitive drum, a reference bias voltage including a constant current AC voltage component or a reference bias voltage including a constant voltage AC voltage component is applied to the development sleeve, and an AC voltage value or an AC current value applied to the development sleeve at that time is detected. An image formation factor is controlled on the basis of the detected AC voltage value or the detected AC current value.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member; a device for forming a toner image on the image bearing member; an intermediate transfer member for receiving the toner image from the image bearing member; and wherein the intermediate transfer member has an average surface roughness which is smaller than one half a size of one pixel.

Abstract: A developing apparatus includes an image bearing member for bearing an electrostatic image, a developer carrying member, opposed to the image bearing member to form a developing zone therebetween, for carrying a developer to the developing zone to develop an electrostatic latent image on the image bearing member, and oscillating bias means for applying an oscillating bias to the developer carrying member, wherein the oscillating bias includes a constant-current-controlled AC component and a constant-voltage-controlled DC component.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a movable image bearing member; an image forming device for forming an image on the image bearing member; a charging member disposed opposed to the image bearing member; and bias application device for applying a bias voltage to the charging member, wherein the bias applying device effects a constant voltage control to the charging member when an image area of the image bearing member is in a charging region of the charging member, and effects a constant current control during at least a part of a period in which an area of the image bearing member other than the image area is in the charging region, and wherein a level of a constant voltage of the constant voltage control is determined during the constant current control.

Abstract: An antiskid braking device for a motorcycle includes a single pump unit which is used to repressurize braking mechanisms of front and rear wheels of the motorcycle and mounted almost in a central portion of a body frame of the motorcycle and a master cylinder of the front wheel. Middle portions of front wheel brake pipes connecting the pump unit to the braking mechanisms are formed of metallic pipes, both ends of the metallic pipes are connected to the braking mechanisms, the master cylinder and the pump unit through flexible brake hoses, and the metallic pipes are arranged along an inside face of a pair of bilateral tank rails of the body frame extending rearward from a head pipe of the motorcycle. The pump unit is mounted so as to extend in a longitudinal dimension thereof along a longitudinal direction of the motorcycle and a brake pipe port section faces front and rear directions of the body of the motorcycle.

Abstract: A charging device contactable to a member in order to charge it electrically. The voltage of the charging member includes an AC component. A controller controls the AC component so as to be a constant current, by which the member to be charged can be stably and uniformly charged even if ambient conditions change.

Abstract: A charging device includes a member to be charged; a charging member, provided connectable to the member to be charged, for charging the member to be a power source for supplying the oscillating voltage to the charging member; a constant voltage element connected electrically in parallel with the portion for generating the oscillating voltage.

Abstract: A plate replacing apparatus for a printing press having plate lockup devices for fixing the two ends of a plate located in a gap of the circumferential surface of a plate cylinder and wound around the circumferential surface includes an old plate holding mechanism and a new plate holding mechanism. The old plate holding mechanism receives and holds an old plate removed upon release of the plate lockup devices and pivotal movement of the plate cylinder. The new plate holding mechanism removes the old plate and feeds a new plate to the plate cylinder.

Abstract: An image fixing apparatus for fixing a toner image on an image supporting material. A guiding member for guiding the image supporting material is provided without contact to an image fixing rotatable member but with a predetermined small clearance. In order to maintain the predetermined clearance, spacers are provided at positions outside the maximum image forming region. The rotatable image fixing member is prevented from being damaged, and in addition, the image supporting material is prevented from being wrapped on the rotatable member.

Abstract: In a plate replacing apparatus for a printing press, a plate lockup opening/closing unit opens/closes leading- and trailing-side plate lockup devices upon pivotal movement of a cam shaft. A loader drive unit drives a loader on the plate replacing apparatus between an operation position where a distal end portion of the loader comes close to the plate lockup devices and a storage position where the distal end portion of the loader is separated from the plate lockup devices. A plate removal unit grips an old plate released from the plate lockup devices and inserted into the loader upon rotation of the plate cylinder, and moves the old plate into the loader. A plate supply unit inserts a new plate loaded in the loader into the leading-side plate lockup device. A plate press unit presses the new plate inserted into the leading-side plate lockup device and wound around the circumferential surface of the plate cylinder and inserts the other end of the new plate into the trailing-side plate lockup device.