Abstract: A polyimide resin composition comprising a polyimide resin (A) and at least one 1H-tetrazole (B) selected from the group consisting of 1H-tetrazole, 5,5′-bis-1H-tetrazole, and derivatives thereof, and having an excellent rust preventing effect on copper and copper alloys.

Abstract: A polishing composition comprising polymer particles and inorganic particles in an aqueous medium, wherein the inorganic particles have an average particle size of from 5 to 170 nm, and wherein an average particle size Dp (nm) of said polymer particles and an average particle size Di (nm) of said inorganic particles satisfy the following formula (1): Dp≦Di+50 nm (1); a polishing process for a substrate to be polished comprising polishing the substrate to be polished with the polishing composition as defined above; and a process for improving a rate for polishing a substrate to be polished with the polishing composition as defined above. The polishing composition of the present invention can be favorably used in polishing the substrate for precision parts, including semiconductor substrates; substrates for magnetic recording media such as magnetic discs, optical discs and opto-magnetic discs; photomask substrates; glass for liquid crystals; optical lenses; optical mirrors; optical prisms; and the like.

Abstract: A polishing composition comprising an aqueous medium and abrasive particles, wherein the abrasive particles comprise abrasive particles having a particle size of 2 to 200 nm in an amount of 50% by volume or more, the abrasive particles having a particle size of 2 to 200 nm comprising (i) 40 to 75% by volume of small size particles having a particle size of 2 nm or more and less than 58 nm; (ii) 0 to 50% by volume of intermediate size particles having a particle size of 58 nm or more and less than 75 nm; and (iii) 10 to 60% by volume of large size particles having a particle size of 75 nm or more and 200 nm or less; a polishing composition comprising an aqueous medium and abrasive particles, wherein the abrasive particles comprise abrasive particles (A) having an average particle size of 2 to 50 nm; and abrasive particles (B) having an average particle size of 52 to 200 nm, wherein a weight ratio of A to B (A/B) is from 0.5/1 to 4.

Abstract: An optical circuit system which takes out at least a portion of the light of a light power source corresponding to at least one type of output voltage of an IC, board, multichip module, electronic element, or opto-electronic element and produces an optical signal, wherein the light power source is an optical waveguide into which light has been introduced, a waveguide laser, or a waveguide optical amplifier, light reflecting portions are provided at its ends and/or middle, a signal transmission waveguide is formed in contact with the side surface and/or top or bottom surface of the optical waveguide or in proximity to the same at a certain distance, and the optical signal corresponding to at least one type of output voltage of the IC, board, multichip module, electronic element, or opto-electronic element is made to propagate to the signal transmission waveguide, which optical circuit system is rich in flexibility and enables complicated optical interconnections to be handled, and components of the same.

Abstract: The present invention is aimed to provide a head suspension having a high resonant frequency, high shock resistance and low rigidity, which greatly contributes to an improvement of a magnetic disk apparatus. In an oscillation-type actuator, at least a part of a spring arm of the head suspension having a data reading/writing head slider 1 is made of an anisotropic layer whose rigidity varies in accordance with a direction. In this case, the anisotropic layer is laminated so that the high rigidity modulus orientation direction is different according to layer.

Abstract: An inexpensive multilayer wiring circuit board capable of conducting high frequency switching operation on the circuit while the generation of high frequency noise is being suppressed by reducing the inductance of the circuit in provided. A multilayer wiring circuit board comprising: an uppermost layer designated as a first layer on which parts are mounted; a second layer on which one of a ground layer and an electric power source layer is arranged; a third layer on which the other is arranged; and an insulating layer arranged between the ground layer and the electric power source layer. A resin layer having a thermoplastic adhesion property on both faces is used as material of the insulating layer arranged between the electric power source layer and the ground layer.

Abstract: A polishing composition comprising an improver of a ratio of a polishing rate of an insulating film to that of a stopper film, wherein the polishing rate of the stopper film is selectively decreased, comprising one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of a monoamine or diamine compound; a polyamine having three or more amino groups in its molecule; an ether group-containing amine; and a heterocyclic compound having nitrogen atom. The polishing composition can be used for removing an insulating film which has been embedded for isolation into a trench formed on a silicon substrate and sedimented outside the trench, thereby planing a surface of the silicon substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a developer for photosensitive polyimide resin compositions, comprising an alkaline aqueous solution containing a basic compound (A) represented by a formula (1): wherein X+ is N+ or P+, R is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 10 ring forming carbon atoms, Y− is a monovalent anion, m is 0 or 1, n is 3 or 4, and m+n is 4, with the proviso that when m is 0, n is 4, and R is an alkyl group, the total number of carbon atoms of 4 alkyl groups is at least 13, or when m is 1, n is 3, and R is an alkyl group, the total number of carbon atoms of 3 alkyl groups is at least 6.

Abstract: A polyimide resin composition comprising a polyimide resin (A) and at least one 1H-tetrazole (B) selected from the group consisting of 1H-tetrazole, 5,5′-bis-1H-tetrazole, and derivatives thereof, and having an excellent rust preventing effect on copper and copper alloys.

Abstract: A polyimide resin composition comprising a polyimide resin (A) and at least one 1H-tetrazole (B) selected from the group consisting of 1H-tetrazole, 5,5′-bis-1H-tetrazole, and derivatives thereof, and having an excellent rust preventing effect on copper and copper alloys.

Abstract: An optical circuit device is manufactured by forming an organic film formed on a substrate, and giving this organic film non-linear optical properties. An optical circuit device is formed containing an organic film formed on a substrate, wherein said film is either selectively formed on a portion of the region on a substrate or said film being formed over the entire region on a substrate, and a portion of a region of that film is either selectively formed to a thickness differing from other regions or selectively having a different structure. This optical circuit device can be manufactured to have various constitutions, and allows the formation of a multilayer optical circuit.

Abstract: A polyimide resin composition comprising a polyimide resin (A) and at least one 1H-tetrazole (B) selected from the group consisting of 1H-tetrazole, 5,5′-bis-1H-tetrazole, and derivatives thereof, and having an excellent rust preventing effect on copper and copper alloys.

Abstract: The present invention is to provided a trifluoro-substituted benzoic acid, an ester thereof, particularly 2,3,4-trifluoro-5-iodobenzonic acid, 2,3,4-trifluoro-5-trifluoromethylbenzonic acid, esters thereof, which are useful as a starting material for synthesizeing a quinolonecarboxylic acid compound useful as a medicine, an anti-bacterial agent or an antiviral agent, and processes for preparing these compounds and 2,4,5-trifluoro-3-iodobenzonic acid, 2,4,5-trifluoro-3-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid and esters thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a photosensitive polyimide resin composition comprising (A) a polyamic acid having, in its main chain, repeating units formed from a polycondensation product of at least one tetracarboxylic acid or tetracarboxylic anhydride thereof with at least one diamine compound, and having actinic ray-sensitive functional groups at both terminals thereof; (B) a photosensitive auxiliary having a photopolymerizable functional group; (C) a photopolymerization initiator; and (D) a solvent, wherein 1 the polyamic acid is such that when the repeating unit represented by the formula (1) is defined as a unit molecular weight, a unit molecular weight per carboxyl group (unit molecular weight/COOH) falls within a range of from 200 to 300, and 2 the photosensitive resin composition permits the formation of a polyimide film having a residual stress of 40 MPa or lower and a coefficient of thermal expansion of 30 ppm/.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a trifluoro-substituted benzoic acid, an ester thereof, particularly 2,3,4-trifluoro-5-iodobenzoic acid, 2,3,4-trifluoro-5-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid, esters thereof, which are useful as a starting material for synthesizing a quinolonecarboxylic acid compound useful as a medicine, an anti-bacterial agent or an antiviral agent, and processes for preparing these compounds and 2,4,5-trifluoro-3-iodobenzoic acid, 2,4,5-trifluoro-3-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid and esters thereof.

Abstract: A method of forming waveguides, refractive index distributions and optical couplings automatically by light incidence, and devices obtained thereby. A non-linear optical material which has excellent properties of a large degree of freedom for an optical circuit substrate composition, etc. is used for optical circuit devices and optical circuit substrates. A photoelectric device containing an organic conjugated polymer film is deposited on a substrate by vapor deposition polymerization as at least one function layer. An optical network is provided with optical wiring for exchanging signals between processing elements selected from electronic elements, electronic apparatuses, electrooptical elements and electrooptical apparatuses.

Abstract: A method of coupling optical parts including bonding the optical coupling faces of two optical waveguides by butting and fusing them. Also, a method for forming a refractive-index distribution having the focusing lens effect by setting the interval between the optical coupling faces of two optical parts to 0.1 mm or more, feeding a refractive-index imaging material also serving as an adhesive into the gap between the faces, and applying light to the refractive-index imaging material from the optical coupling face of at least one of the optical parts.

Abstract: A resin composition comprising an epoxy group-containing cycloolefin resin and a crosslinking agent is provided. More specifically, a resin composition comprising an epoxy group-containing thermoplastic norbornene resin obtained by introducing epoxy groups into a thermoplastic norbornene resin, and as the crosslinking agent, a curing agent for epoxy resins or a photoreactive substance is provided. The resin composition is suitable for use as an insulating material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a spacer for a liquid crystal display which is excellent in light shielding properties, does not suffer from fading even after the lapse of a long period, thus being excellent in long-term reliability, and has satisfactory strengths and a liquid crystal display made by using the spacer. The above spacer is composed of colored fine particles prepared by copolymerizing a polymerizable anthraquinone dye having at least one ethylenically unsaturated bond in the molecule with an ethylenically unsaturated monomer component in an aqueous medium.

Abstract: An optical circuit device is manufactured by forming an organic film formed on a substrate, and giving this organic film non-linear optical properties. An optical circuit device is formed containing an organic film formed on a substrate, wherein said film is either selectively formed on a portion of the region on a substrate or said film being formed over the entire region on a substrate, and a portion of a region of that film is either selectively formed to a thickness differing from other regions or selectively having a different structure. This optical circuit device can be manufactured to have various constitutions, and allows the formation of a multilayer optical circuit.