Abstract: A rail having an upper supporting edge and a lower braking edge, and a traction unit for riding on the rail and adapted to be connected to a carrier so as to suspend the carrier from the rail. This traction unit has a power-driven wheel to ride on the rail upper edge, and a plurality of braking wheels positioned close enough to the lower edge of the rail to prevent the traction wheel from jumping off the upper edge thereof, and a brake system for each brake wheel. A substantially C-shaped arm is pivotally connected to the traction unit near the top thereof and extends downwardly and around the rail and has a lower end extending across the plane of the rail, to which the carrier is connected.

Abstract: An automatic sewing machine is provided wherein the clamps for holding the workpiece can be used to define at least two different sewing patterns. The sewing pattern which is particularly defined by a given arrangement of clamps is indicated to a digital control system within the sewing machine. The control system is operative to subsequently implement an automated stitching of the particular sewing pattern which has thus been indicated thereto. This automatic stitching is accomplished through a sequential reading of a set of instructions previously stored within a memory associated with the control system. The set of instructions remain the same for at least two different sewing patterns. These instructions are altered upon read out by certain control logic which takes note of which pattern has been defined by the given arrangement of clamps. The automated stitching is completed by an automatic ejection of the clamped workpiece.

Abstract: A mechanism is provided for holding and securing a workpiece within a sewing machine. The mechanism includes a plurality of clamping elements which may be arranged in different configurations so as to accommodate different sewing patterns. The different arrangements of clamping elements are inserted into a carriage which defines the positions of the clamping elements relative to each other as well as with respect to the bed of the sewing machine.

Abstract: The disclosed invention describes an automatic sewing machine having a linear compensating system for moving a workholder relative to a fixed point. The driving power for the workholder is provided by a pair of stepping motors, each of whose mechanical output is operably connected by the linear compensating system to the workholder. A mechanical feed back means is associated with the system so that the workholder may be moved in a coordinate system which has been modified so that the movement of the workholder relative to the needle closely approximates a rectangular coordinate system.

Abstract: A fairing for pipes or other substantially rigid structures is disclosed, where the pipe may be immersed in a fluid medium, usually fresh water or sea water. The fairing is formed as a shell having a nose portion in which the pipe--or a pipe bundle--is accommodated and a tail portion; and at least the tail portion of the fairing has a plurality of upstanding ribs which extend at least from the forward portion of the tail to the rear portion thereof. The cross-sections taken through the upstanding ribs are different in absolute terms than the cross-sections taken through the alternating tail portions between the ribs; but the aspect ratios of length to breadth of each of the cross-sections are similar.

Abstract: A radially vaned rotor is mounted for rotation about a horizontal axis extending athwartships of a boat. A housing encircles the major portion of the rotor and has an axial inlet and a downwardly directed peripheral outlet. The tips of the rotor vanes project through the housing peripheral outlet below the surface of the water surrounding the boat. When the boat is traveling at low speed, the rotor functions as the impeller of a centrifugal pump drawing water into the housing through the axial inlet and discharging the water through the peripheral outlet to propel the boat. The outlet can be shifted circumferentially fore and aft to alter the direction of water discharged therethrough. At high speed, planing of the boat elevates the housing so that only air is drawn through its axial inlet and discharged through its peripheral outlet, the majority of boat-propelling force being produced by the paddle wheel action of the rotor vane tips.

Abstract: A low pressure, tread wear and speed indicator for a tire includes at least one abutment member secured to the exterior surface of one of the sidewalls of the tire adjacent to the tread, which projects laterally outward from the sidewall. The abutment member is positioned at a distance radially inwardly from the tread such that, upon tire deflation or excessive tread wear or a combination thereof, the abutment will strike the road surface during vehicle operation, to produce a vibrational and/or audible signal perceivable by the driver, indicating an unsafe tire condition. The indicator may also include a weighted insert embedded within the abutment member which, upon operation of the vehicle at an excessive or illegal rate of speed, will produce an eccentric tire condition which, in turn, causes a vibrational signal. A tire deflation indicator which includes a segmented radially-extending rib formed on the interior surface of the tire sidewall is also provided.

Abstract: A horn flare has first and second plastics mouldings which are welded or adhesively secured together. The first moulding has an end wall having a central opening aligned with the space inside a first annular wall extending integrally from the end wall. A further integral annular wall surrounds the first annular wall and a collar having a stepped annular recess therein surrounds an additional wall. The second moulding has an end wall which overlies the first annular wall and the further integral annular wall. Extending integrally from the end wall of the second moulding are said additional wall and a further wall. The additional wall lies between the first annular wall and the further integral annular wall while the further wall of the second moulding lies outside said further integral annular wall of the first moulding. The second moulding further includes an open-ended flared sleeve which is integrally connected with the further wall of the second moulding by spaced lugs.

Abstract: A springless diaphragm-type air horn provided with fixed structure for controlling the amplitude of diaphragm oscillation to thereby enable manufacturing of the horn without necessity for any adjustment of parts to achieve tone control.

Abstract: An apparatus for effecting impregnation of cermet electrodes of an alkaline storage battery, according to the invention, comprises a tank with active solutions which accommodates a member from which electrode stock members are suspended. The stock members are made as a set of forms, each being used for a band stock to be reeled thereon together with a spacer element. The spacer element is adapted to form an appropriate space between the turns of the band stock.The spacer element is made of individual interconnected frames forming a chain of a specified length and provided with projections on both sides of longitudinal and transverse strips constituting a frame, so as to provide circulation of an active solution between the turns of the band stock.

Abstract: There is provided a packaged disposable animal waste container which has in packaged combination an open-top moisture resistance receptacle of such size that an animal may stand in the receptacle and with side walls sufficiently low that the animal may step into the receptacle, but sufficiently high that normal animal pawing will not displace animal waste and the like therefrom. Packaged within the receptacle are a plurality of nested trays each having dimensions so that the trays closely fit within the receptacle side walls. The trays also have side walls sufficiently high for containing an effective layer of animal waste absorbent. The package has a removal retainer means for retaining the nested trays in the receptacle during shipping and handling. The nested trays are removed from the receptacle and serially placed in the receptacle for use by the animal. A soiled tray is removed and replaced by a clean tray.

Abstract: In a process for the growing of aquatic animals in a controlled environment wherein water is continuously circulated through a tank, the improvement which comprises introducing fresh water into said tank having an inner wall; at the upper rim sufficiently tangential to said inner wall of the tank and at a sufficient rate to maintain a circular water flow throughout the tank, and discharging wastewater at the lower end of the tank.

Abstract: A cage type enclosure for small animals, such as guinea pigs, hamsters, gerbils, rats of the like which simulates the appearance and operation of an apparatus such as a vehicle having revolving and reciprocating members. The simulated apparatus includes a wheel rotated by the movement of the animal which reciprocates another component of the apparatus through interconnecting linkage. Rotation of the wheel may also simulate other features of the apparatus, such as other wheels, a bell, etc. Access is provided to the enclosure for feeding and watering the confined animals.

Abstract: An integrated modular assembly for facilitating cohabitation with house pets, particularly cats and dogs, who normally live under conditions of semi-freedom in the lodgings of their master. The assembly includes a movable support which may even be transportable, and a collection of interchangeable modules carried by the support and fulfilling a number of functions among which are required arrangement in a given space, fulfilling bodily conveniences, stimulating instincts and/or simulating a presence, with the combination of selected modules responding to the particular needs of a given house pet for providing for the house pet a territorial refuge, vital comforts, mental and physical exercise, and/or friendship.

Abstract: An animal feeding station having an improved design to facilitate feeding of the animal. In particular, a manger that has a bottom portion approximating a hemispherical shape, side wall portions extending upward from the bottom portion as a conical tangent of the hemisphere, a front wall portion which extends vertically upward and is tangential to the aforesaid hemispherical portion and a rearwardly, upwardly sloped flat surface portion which generally conforms to the position of the animal's lower jaw when ingesting its food. Further, a shroud is provided over the manger which has a top wall sloped and disposed in a manner which restricts the vertical movement of the animal's head until the animal moves rearwardly.Another feature of the stall is the provision of slidably removable side panels, which permit the animal to eat in relative isolation and without the eye distraction caused by being able to see animals outside the stall.

Abstract: Hot water or steam boiler comprising a furnace section and a convection section in which the furnace section is limited by a wall section formed of liquid or steam tubes placed side by side, said tubes being arranged transversal to the flue gas flow and at fixed interrelated distances to form slots allowing passage of gas or steam.

Abstract: A carburetor for an internal combustion engine comprises a fuel idling circuit opening into the intake pipe downstream of a driver-actuated main throttle. Idle regulation means comprise a first pneumatic element connected to that part of the intake pipe downstream of the main throttle and a second pneumatic element having a movable part connected to the main throttle means by a unidirectional connection such that the throttle means can be opened to an additional extent. The second pneumatic element is subjected to the vacuum in a chamber connected to said part of the intake pipe and also connected to atmosphere by a valve carried by the movable part of the second element and opened by the first pneumatic element moving with respect to the second pneumatic element when there is an increase in the degree of vacuum in the intake pipe. Additional means preventing the main throttle from closing beyond a partially open position and which are disabled after successful cranking may be provided.

Abstract: A revolution limiter for internal combustion engines having a circuit for detecting when the engine revolutions exceed a given maximum permitted value, and a circuit for limiting the voltage on the primary winding of the coil comprising a semiconductor device which will breakdown above a given threshold voltage and a semiconductor switch connected in series between the terminal of the primary winding remote from the positive line connection and ground, the semiconductor switch being rendered conductive by the detection circuit in order to limit the voltage on the primary winding of the coil and thus prevent a spark occurring when said given limit is exceeded.

Abstract: An improved intake control apparatus for internal combustion engines which can reduce the amount of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas by additionally feeding a part of the exhaust gas as well as air or lean mixture gas into an intake system in correlation with the operating condition of the engine. The improved apparatus is characterized by the provision of an exhaust gas recirculation path communicating the exhaust path with the intake path for recirculating a part of the exhaust gas, at least two exhaust gas recirculation rate control valves in said exhaust gas recirculation path in series with each other, a diluting intake path disposed in the exhaust gas recirculation path between two particular control valves among the plurality of control valves for taking in atmospheric air or lean mixture gas, and an intake control valve in the diluting intake path.

Abstract: A device for controlling the admission of additional gas, such as exhaust gas, to the induction tube of the engine so that additional gas quantities are admitted to the induction tube only during partial load operation. The device includes an additional gas quantity valve situated within the induction tube. The valve includes, in its various embodiments, structure to assure a high tolerance factor in the engagement of the valve seat and the movable valve member so that wear and temperature effects will not adversely affect the control of the additional gas quantity flow.

Abstract: A closed-loop emission control system for an internal combustion engine having an exhaust composition sensor includes an averaging circuit for generating a signal representative of the average value of the sensed exhaust composition, and a balanced differential amplifier receptive of the average and instantaneous values of the sensed composition to generate an output indicating the difference therebetween. A DC bias is applied to the differential amplifier to fluctuate the difference signal above and below the DC bias level.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation control system for an internal combustion engine wherein the control is effected so as to accord intake manifold pressure of the engine to target values predetermined for various operating conditions of the engine and retained in a memory means, wherein the target values are modified in accordance with atmospheric pressure to a compensater for the reduction in atmospheric pressure at high altitutde and to modify the ratio of exhaust gas recirculation in operation of the engine at high altitude when compared with its operation at sea level.

Abstract: A control circuit for a fuel injection system which modifies the control pulses of the electromagnetic valves during engine starting. The width of the normal injection control pulses determines the amount of fuel and is derived from engine parameters, in particular rpm and air flow rate. When stating the engine, the control circuit is actuated by the starting switch of the engine and causes suppression of the normal control pulses. A multivibrator generates substitute starting control pulses whose duration is changed by altering the time constant of the multivibrator in response to the signal from a temperature transducer.

Abstract: A high efficiency furnace is provided for a forced air heating system having a furnace housing which is open at its lower end to cold air return means for the heating system and is open near its top to hot air exhaust means for the heating system. The furnace includes a burner housing contained within the furnace housing and adapted to receive and to burn a combustible fuel. A heat exchanger housing is positioned on top of the burner housing and the interiors of the burner and heat exchanger housings communicate with each other by means of a pipe. An exhaust means is provided for exhausting combustion products from the interior of the heat exchanger housing and comprises a substantially horizontal tube extending through the interior of the heat exchanger housing. The tube is open at one end to a flue outside the furnace housing and at the other end includes an opening open to the interior of the heat exchanger housing.

Abstract: A solar panel suitable for panelized building construction as an integral part of a roof is described. The solar absorber plate of the panel consists of a thermally conductive sheet folded along a plurality of parallel lines to form sharp vees or corrugations. The folded solar absorber plate is attached to or formed as part of a flat sheet, also with high thermal conductivity. The folded absorber plate with its vee-shaped corrugations in combination with the flat sheet form a plurality of contiguous triangular ducts through which the fluid to be heated flows. The fluid is in direct contact with the solar absorber plate and the flat thermally conductive plate which together form the triangular ducts. A pliable insulating board may be provided as a backing member to the triangular duct assembly, said insulating board serves as an elastic mounting means for the solar panel on a building roof or wall.

Abstract: A solar energy concentrator comprising a cylindrical Fresnel lens, a specially shaped and positioned reflecting mirror, and a shaped tubular receptor for conveying the collected energy to terminals is described. These concentrators are arrayed parallel and contiguous to each other and oriented generally along an East-West line to receive the sun's radiant energy, and the lenses together with the special reflectors and designed to accomodate large elevation angle variations of the sun. The large acceptance angles achieved with the image collapsing concentrator, while at the same time maintaining a high concentration ratio, improves the reception of diffused as well as direct sunlight and the small surface area of receiving tubes diminishes the thermal radiation losses. A method for determining the shape and location of the special image collapsing reflector is described and applied to solar concentrators employing both lenses and reflectors of cylindrical and three dimensional forms.

Abstract: Eye and head movements produce large voltages which obscure the electrical activity of the brain, interfering with diagnostic procedures. In the system and method of the present invention electrical response to such movement artifact is detected by a set of electrodes and transmitted to amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters and an on-line to a digital computer. The computer monitors each of the 19 channels corresponding to the 19 electrodes on the subject's head and a pair of electrodes located diagonally above and below one eye (trans-orbital) to detect artifacts associated with eye movement. Each channel of brain waves and artifact signals, converted into digital information, are compared with a threshold selected digital value set by the operator either by using standard values, by empirically eliciting sample artifacts, or by a standard deviation determination. The computer, after determining that there exists a movement artifact, i.e.

Abstract: A portable artificial respiration device of lightweight construction for use in operations and for resuscitation. A housing includes an inlet for receiving a respirator fluid under pressure, a conduit for communicating with a patients respiratory system and an outlet for communication with the atmosphere. A rotatable distributor valve within the housing comprises a tubular member having an opening at one end which continuously communicates with the conduit. An opening in the wall of the tubular member when rotated to be adjacent the inlet provides a path for the respirator fluid to the patient for inspiration and when positioned adjacent the outlet provides an expiration path from the patient to the atmosphere. A variable speed drive under electronic speed control rotates the member to determine the inspiration and expiration rate of the patient when coupled to the device.

Abstract: A prefilled, ready to use, disposable syringe wherein a fluid medicament and a diluent therefor are sealed in two separate telescoping syringe barrels. A medicinal powder is sealed in an outer barrel adjacent the nozzle section by means of a pierceable stopper and the diluent is sealed in an inner barrel between another pierceable stopper and a plunger stopper. A double-pointed cannula is positioned between the two pierceable stoppers by means of a telescoping guide arrangement. Movement of the plunger stopper inwardly in the inner barrel initially effects a piercing of both pierceable stoppers and intermixing of the medicinal powder with the diluent. Continued movement of the plunger stopper will expel the mixed medicament from the syringe.

Abstract: A steam sterilizable copolymer is prepared from 60 to 50% by weight of alpha methyl styrene and 40 to 50% by weight of methyl methacrylate. The copolymer is useful to make the barrel of syringe which is clear, water-white and shows no distortion upon steam sterilization for at least 20 minutes at 250.degree. F.

Abstract: In a high-frequency surgical apparatus having a number of electrode-connections for a neutral electrode and a number of electrodes, respectively, for monopolar and bipolar operation, two high-frequency generators are connected to a single voltage source, so that the second generator may serve exclusively for supplying a high-frequency current to the electrode-connections for bipolar electrodes. A warning signal is produced only if a switch is closed for a monopolar use, even if the neutral electrode is not properly connected. Therefore the bipolar high-frequency generator may be actuated independently of whether a natural electrode is connected to the apparatus or not. In this manner unintended injuries or damages by a contact with an electrode are avoided.

Abstract: A tweezer useful for plucking hair comprising a housing; arms extending out of the housing and having jaws for grasping a hair to be plucked; first means for closing the arms around the hair until the hair is grasped between the jaws; second means for automatically retracting the arms into the housing after the hair has been grasped between the jaws; means mounted for movement along the housing, whereby a first movement thereof causes the first means to close the arms around and grasp the hair between the jaws, and a second movement thereof, in the same direction as the first movement, causes the second means to retract the arms into the housing, thereby plucking the hair; and means for automatically returning the arms to their unretracted and unclosed position.

Abstract: This invention provides carboxylic acid flavorant-release oligomeric and polymeric derivatives corresponding to the structural formula: ##STR1## WHEREIN R is a member selected from aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbon radicals and n is an integer. The oligomeric and polymeric derivatives are stable when used in smoking products and on pyrolysis release the carboxylic acid flavorants to enhance the flavor and aroma of the smoke.

Abstract: A multiple bowl arrangement for a water pipe, bong or other smoking device in the form of a mounting base in place of the conventional bowl and a turret or magazine with multiple bowls rotatably mounted on the base so that each bowl is brought into successive, selective registry with the primary smoke inlet passageway of the smoking device. Visual indicators may be provided on the base and the turret to assure registry of any one bowl in use with the primary smoke inlet passageway of the smoking device.

Abstract: A flying pipe comprising a disc of the type adapted for manual toss and glide; a housing defining a chamber for receiving a smokeable substance; means for securing the housing to the disc; access means to the chamber for accommodating placement of the smokeable substance therein; a pair of spaced apertures in the housing in communication with the chamber; and means associated with the housing for blocking the passage of the smokeable substance through the apertures.

Abstract: This invention relates to a cigarette filter of cellulosic material composed at least partially of modified cellulose modified with at least one fatty acid group containing at least 14 carbon atoms in the molecule selected from the group consisting of a complex compound of a fatty acid containing basic chromium chloride and a melamine resin precondensate containing a fatty acid group.

Abstract: A method for removing water from a ponding area of a flat roof having a run-off system which is no longer operable to drain water from the ponding area which comprises directing a quantity of the run-off water flow in the run-off system as a result of the commencement of a rain condition or the like into a priming chamber from which run-off water is allowed to discharge into the run-off system at a rate less than the rate of flow of run-off water into the priming chamber and effecting a siphoning action as a result of the diminishing of the flow of run-off water in the run-off system as by the cessation of the rain condition so that the quantity of run-off water flowing into the priming chamber is less than the quantity flowing out thereby lowering the water level within the priming chamber and creating a suction action which is utilized to commence the movement of the water in the ponding area through the siphon device hose which movement continues until all of the water in the ponding area has been sucked u

Abstract: There is provided a method and apparatus for controlling the flow of liquid etal in a tubular conduit of elongated cross-section by means of an external magnetic field. The method comprises providing means for applying a magnetic field adapted to traverse the flow path of said fluid wherein the orientation of the magnetic field relative said conduit is adapted to be varied and varying said field direction in order to control the flow of liquid metal in said conduit whereby when a magnetic field is applied in a direction traversing the elongated wall sections of said conduit the rate of flow is decreased and when a magnetic field is applied in a direction traversing the shorter wall sections of said conduit the rate of flow is increased.

Abstract: A bypass and unloader valve capable of operation as a full unloader valve or volume control for fluid pressure systems. The structure utilizes a valve body having an inlet, an outlet, and a bypass, with check valve means being provided to accommodate normal flow from the inlet to the outlet. When the pressure rises in the outlet, this pressure is applied against a reciprocatory plunger, and the force generated lifts the plunger, and a stem extension coupled to the plunger unseats a check valve, thereby opening a fluid path from the inlet to the bypass. Improved guide and sealing means are provided for the plunger and associated stem assembly, the plunger and stem being spring biased to accommodate normal flow.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing water from a ponding area of a flat roof having a run-off system which is no longer operable to drain water from the ponding area which comprises a structure for directing a quantity of the run-off water flowing in the run-off system as a result of the commencement of a rain condition or the like into a priming chamber, a structure for displacing water from the priming chamber back into the run-off system in such a way as to establish a negative pressure condition within the priming chamber, and a structure for communicating the negative pressure condition to an end of a siphon hose at a vertical level below the level of the ponding area, the other inlet end of which is disposed in water sucking relation to the ponding area to thereby prime the siphon hose and commence the flow of water from the ponding area which flow after the cessation of the rain condition or the like continues until the water is substantially removed from the ponding area.

Abstract: A closed system is provided for simultaneously mixing pesticide with water and transferring the same to a storage or spray tank for subsequent use. The system includes a pipe casing having a water inlet section for connection to a pump and a water discharge section for connection to the spray tank with a venturi chamber defined therebetween. A sealed hose connects the venturi chamber to a pesticide shipping container so that when water is pumped into the spray tank, pesticide is drawn into the venturi chamber in a proper proportion for mixing with the water.

Abstract: An improved plug valve is of the type that includes a valve body having a bore extending therethrough and a pair of passages intersecting the bore and being substantially normal to the axis of the bore. A valve plug is disposed within the bore for selective rotation between an opened and a closed position to respectively align and misalign a port through the plug with the passages. A first circumferential sealing member between the plug and the bore above the port and the passages and a second circumferential sealing member between the plug and the bore below the port prevents fluid from escaping from an interior of the plug valve and balances fluid pressure acting on the plug. The improvements include providing opposed circumferential semi-circular grooves respectively on the bore and the plug to define a circumferential channel therebetween. The body includes a circular hole extending therethrough which is tangentially aligned with the channel.

Abstract: A venting valve connected to the interior of the fuel tank has a sliding piston and a plurality of springs which hold the piston in different operative positions dependent upon the amount of pressure within the tank.

Abstract: The abutment mechanism provides a resilient damping stop to dampen the initial stopping motion of a moveable drive member of a weft thread return mechanism or weft thread mixer changer as well as a rigid stop to stop movement of the drive member. The mechanism employs a spring biased bolt as an initial stop member. The housing for the bolt can be used as the final stop member or a rigid stop can be positioned within the housing to arrest motion of the bolt. A pin laterally offset from the bolt can also be used as the rigid stop.

Abstract: The filling machine has a rotary tank containing the liquid, an annular channel surrounding the tank and containing gas having a lower pressure than the gas in the tank but higher than the atmospheric pressure, a filling unit adapted for sealing the container to be filled and including a filling pipe communicating with the interior of the tank and projecting into the container to be filled, a pressure control space communicating with the interior of the container around the filling pipe and connectable via a first control valve to the outer atmosphere, and further connectable via a second control valve to the annular channel, the second control valve being opened mechanically in response to the angular position of the rotary liquid tank and in addition being controlled during its open position by a separate timing device that closes the second valve if the mechanical control exceeds a predetermined time.

Abstract: A device for transporting containers arranged in a spiral path past a fixed treatment station includes a carriage to support the containers in their spiral path, with a driving mechanism which rotates the carriage about a vertical axis while simultaneously shifting the axis in a horizontal direction to bring the containers successively to a predetermined location. The driving mechanism also includes a sensing device which can control the starting and stopping of the carriage's movements.

Abstract: The disclosure is a two-solution tray, each a substantial duplicate of the other, and each illustrating the principle of a chicken feeder supply, an overflow control that doubles as a drain cock and a sealed system drain container for ecologically safe disposal of spent chemicals.

Abstract: A handbag whose exterior surface can be changed to display a selected color in order to match a particular ensemble. The handbag includes two opposed compartments which are hingedly connected to each other. Each compartment has a C-shaped sidewall with a top and bottom wall connected thereto. Spools are supported within each compartment adjacent the ends of the sidewall. A roll of material is threaded between the spools and passes around the exterior of the sidewall. By turning knobs connected to the spools, the material can be moved from one roll to the other roll passing around the exterior of the sidewall. The roll of material includes a sequence of colored sections, whereby a particular desired color section can be displayed on the exterior of the handbag.

Abstract: A flexible anti-skid fitting for mounting on tires to aid winter driving of automotive vehicles and trucks, comprising independent strips placed across the tread of the tires and held at their ends by a known means. The strips are characterized in that each strip includes: (a) on its outer surface towards the road, molded-on profiles which are fitted with studs located on both the lateral shoulders and the central region; (b) on its inner surface which comes in contact with the tire, pointed rigid molded-on profiles specifically aligned with and/or provided immediately around the base of the studs. Additional molded-on profiles can be provided spaced about the remainder of the inner surface.

Abstract: An individually adjustable wall plate of a mold for continuously casting is connected to a transducer in the rear to indicate the effective tilt angle. A one transducer system includes two transducer elements being supported in different vertical levels; a two transducer system includes vertically spaced, displaceable transducer elements and stationary reference elements.