Abstract: The machine comprises an openable moulding box which has a perforated top side and is in the form of two separable semi-moulds. A sand blowing head is movably connected to the machine stand by at least one pair of parallel connecting elements which form a deformable parallelogram structure. The head is capable of being moved away from the perforated top side or against the latter for blowing a mixture of sand and binder into the interior of the mould.

Abstract: Refrigeration apparatus for transferring heat from a space to be cooled to a cooler medium. A refrigerant is circulated from the space to be cooled to the cooler medium picking up heat from the space and transferring it to the cooler medium. Thermal pump apparatus is utilized to circulate the refrigerant with no energy input other than the heat input from the space to be cooled.

Abstract: A heat recovery device for recovering waste heat from a hot gas that carries solid and precipitable contaminants of the type given off from the grill area of a fast food restaurant in which a heat exchanger is provided through which these gases are directed for heat exchange with a gas to be heated such as ambient air. The heated air may then be supplied to the interior of the restaurant or to ambient. The two gases are directed through sets of spaced passages in the heat exchanger in heat exchange relationship with each other. A filter is used ahead of the heat exchanger for filtering the hot gas. This filter is easily removed for cleaning. A liquid receiving container may be periodically used to replace the filter. This receives a liquid such as a hot detergent solution that may be used to clean the contaminated passages of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: Crop uprooting and cultivating apparatus which includes at least one bar having at least one angled edge thereon that extends from a support at least partially across a row to be cultivated or from which crops and/or foliage are to be uprooted. The bar is rotatably supported by a support structure in cantilever fashion, leaving an outer end of the bar free. The bar may extend across a crop row in a direction generally transverse to the direction of movement of the apparatus along the row, or may be angled rearwardly with respect thereto to provide a self-cleaning action. The bar rotates beneath the surface of the soil and uproots crops and foliage as it moves along, the direction of rotation being in a direction opposite the direction of travel of the apparatus. A pair of bars may be provided, one being located on each side of a row being cultivated or where crops are to be uprooted with at least one of the bars extending a distance of more than 50 percent of the width of the row.

Abstract: A lawn edging tool to be mounted to a conventional rotating shaft on a lawn edging machine which is composed of a disc-shaped member having radially extending passageways and an inner opening spaced between the center of the disc and the periphery of the disc and in communication with the passageways and sized to nest an enlarged end of a strip of rubbery material, such as a strip cut from a tire carcass and wherein the strip extends radially outwardly through the passageway to serve as flailing members.

Abstract: Improvements in rotary harrows whereby an odd number of soil-working members are rotatably journalled thereon, the members having an even number on each side of a gear box located over one of the members, the gear box being in driving engagement with mechanism for rotating all of the members. The soil-working members include downwardly extending soil engaging tines removably mounted on the harrow, some of the tines differing in length than other of the tines. Shaper plates may be provided before the conventional roller of the harrow and improved crowders may be provided between the tines and the shaper plates. Tunnels to protect plants may also be provided between the tines and the plates aligned with spacing therebetween. Side shields may also be provided on the harrow for containing soil or the like within the area being plowed by the harrow.

Abstract: A folding sectional tool bar for agricultural implements and including a series of articulated hollow sections connected together in end-to-end fashion so as to provide an inner main-section, a pair of outer sections, and a pair of intermediate sections. An offset hinge joint between each outer section and its adjacent intermediate section permits them to be latched in an aligned working arrangement and allows generally horizontal folding of the outer sections forwardly relative to the adjacent intermediate sections. An offset hinge joint between each intermediate section and its adjacent main section permits the intermediate sections to float down about 5.degree. relative to the main section and allows vertical folding of the intermediate sections relative to such main section. Hydraulic two-stage cylinders are provided whereby an initial partial fold of 5.degree. intermediate sections can elevate them relative to the inner main section to an angle of about 5.degree.

Abstract: A reversible ground perforating device powered by a gaseous medium under ssure, comprising a hollow cylindrical body with a pointed front end. The body accommodates a hammer adapted to reciprocate therein. A front power chamber of variable volume is formed by the hammer in the body. The rear end of the hammer has a cylindrical hollow which forms a rear power chamber of variable volume. The power chambers are interconnected by means of ports provided in the hammer. A stepped cylindrical barrel is located inside the cylindrical hollow in the hammer and coaxially therewith. The barrel is secured in the rear end of the body and the large-diameter portion of the barrel is arranged to interact with the hammer. The wall of the large-diameter portion of the barrel has ports. A spring-loaded stepped sleeve is mounted coaxially with the stepped barrel so that the large-diameter portion of the sleeve is adapted to cover the ports in the barrel.

Abstract: Weighing apparatus including a supporting stand, a balance scale disposed on the supporting stand, the balance scale having a beam pivotally supported on a fulcrum and a weighing receptacle suspended from the beam adjacent one end thereof, powder-supplying means disposed on the supporting stand above the weighing receptacle, unit dispensing means associated with the powder-supplying means, and powder delivery means disposed on the supporting stand below the weighing receptacle; the weighing receptacle including a conical portion tapering to a bottom opening, a conical plug disposed within the opening with the point of the plug extending upwardly toward the powder-supplying means, the powder delivery means including a conical portion tapering downwardly into a cylindrical portion, actuating means disposed adjacent the cylindrical portion and extending upwardly through the conical portion with the upper end thereof bearing against the underside of the conical plug, stop means associated with the actuating means

Abstract: A coolant circulating system for a motorcycle having a liquid cooled engine. The system includes a radiator mounted to the front fork, an engine mounted to the frame, pipes from the engine, pipes from the radiator, and a fluid conducting, two-channel swivel connector on the steering shaft to enable the radiator and engine to be interconnected without requiring flexure of the pipes. Preferably the swivel connector is a body separate from and attachable to the steering shaft.

Abstract: Relates to a lightweight electric battery powered motor vehicle which is divisible into separable front, middle and rear sections. The front section includes a pair of steerable road engaging wheels, the middle section includes a seating compartment for two or three persons, and the rear section includes a single road engaging drive wheel driven by an electric motor. The basic supporting structure of the vehicle is served by a double set of longitudinally extending main frame members each preferably of tubular cross-section and extending through the middle section and into the front and rear sections of the vehicle. The hollow interiors of the tubular frame members are substantially filled with resiliently compressible and deformable balls which are compressibly engagable with one another when external forces are applied against either bumper in the direction of the vehicle and transferred to the balls by the push rods associated with each bumper.

Abstract: A land vehicle such as a motorcycle has a frame and seat which, when the seat is in a normal operating position, define between themselves a space which is substantially closed and substantially inaccessible. A structure which includes components such as electronic components is situated in this latter space so as to be protected from the outer atmosphere and from unauthorized access when the seat is in its normal operating position. By way of a suitable connecting structure the seat can be displaced from its normal operating position to a location where the seat is at least partially spaced from the frame to give access to the space where the structure which includes electronic components or the like is situated, so that access may be had to the structure for servicing or the like.

Abstract: Apparatus for fixing and driving a displacement member (such as a wheel) of a vehicle is disclosed. In particular, an axle journal is coupled to the vehicle chassis. At least one rotating bearing surface is disposed between the displacement member and the axle journal for the rotatable assembly of the displacement member. A drive motor is provided having a stator which is removably attached to the axle journal and a rotor which is removably mounted to rotate with respect to the stator by means of rotating bearings in contact with the bearing surface. Since the rotating bearings of the motor only contact the removable bearing surface, the motor can be dismantled while maintaining the displacement member in place on the axle journal.

Abstract: A pressure balancing system for an internal combustion engine wherein a conduit means connects the intake manifold to the crankcase for balancing the pressures therein. A valve is located in the conduit means and is responsive to the speed of the vehicle. A vehicle speed responsive device controls the opening and closing of the valve. The valve is normally closed at low or no speed and is opened at a predetermined speed, such as about 20 to 25 miles per hour, to connect the intake manifold to the crankcase so as to substantially balance the pressures therein at higher speeds. An oil separator may be inserted in the conduit means.

Abstract: An exponential horn for use in a speaker is provided and includes a horn having a mouth, a throat and horn wall sections connecting the horn mouth and the horn throat. The horn wall sections define a horn whose cross sectional area progressively increases at a selected rate from a value S.sub.o at the horn throat substantially in accordance with the function S(z)=S.sub.o e.sup.mz. S(z) is the cross sectional area measured at any distance z from the horn throat, m is the flare constant defined as 4.pi.f.sub.c /c, where f.sub.c is the cutoff frequency of the horn and is from about 300 Hz to about 500 Hz. The horn mouth is rectangular in shape and has a perimeter substantially equal to one wavelength of the cutoff frequency of the horn. The distance between the horn throat and the horn mouth is from about 10 inches to about 17 inches.

Abstract: A safety device for a press and the like machinery includes a safety deflector surrounding a tool carriage reciprocable along a path with respect to a fixed frame. The safety device also includes a limit switch associated with a door that defines part of the safety deflector. First and second contactless switches are located adjacent a work supporting surface and respectively sense the position of opposite surfaces of the workpiece to insure that the workpiece is within limits of the work supporting surface and the safety deflector. The switches are in a circuit leading to a machine clutch for the tool carriage to prevent operation when the door is open or either surface of the workpiece is outside prescribed limits of the deflector and the support surface.

Abstract: A closure cap for bottles which is stamped from a blank and has a pair of tear assisting tabs thereon especially adapted for high speed bottling equipment and designed so as not to jam in the equipment. The tabs in the transport position form a V-configuration on their inner edges and their outer lateral edges are in parallel planes spaced apart a distance equal to the diameter of the cap; such construction permitting a following cap to enter between the tabs without riding up on the preceding cap.

Abstract: An entry control device is provided for controlling the entry of a preselected document, such as a coded credit card into a dispensing machine wherein various checking and dispensing functions are performed as a result of the information obtained from the coded card. The control device includes a housing having an entry passage therein for receiving and orienting the preselected document for transport into the dispensing system. A gate is pivotally mounted to the housing for pivotal movement between a closed position for barring entry of the document into the dispensing system and is rotatable to an open position by insertion of the document into the entry passage of the housing. A trigger is pivotally mounted to the housing for movement between first and second positions. The trigger extends into the entry passage and is disposed adjacent the gate.

Abstract: The herein described conveyor mechanism for conveying flexible pouches adapted to contain fluids, granular substances and the like, consisting of a conveyor mechanism for individually engaging, supporting and holding flexible pouches in an approximately fixed position on a conveyor belt which is formed of a series of independent fingers which are laterally and individually secured to a sprocket-driven endless roller bearing link-chain and located adjacent to one another and having their upper and lower portions shaped to automatically engage, support and hold the sides and bottom of the flexible pouches, while being transported, at approximately any angle from zero to 90.degree., between given points, and when reaching the top of the climb, the pouches are automatically released in succession by the fingers, thereby causing them to drop in an approximately straight downward direction for bagging or other disposal of the pouches.

Abstract: A conveyor for conveying a series of successive buckets along a path from a charging hopper through various processes to a receiving hopper, which comprises a pair of chain links holding the buckets therebetween so that they are spaced apart along sections of the path and conjoined in at least one horizontal section of the path. Each bucket has a pivotal cover held between two bell cranks and spring-biased selectively into open and closed positions. The buckets are positioned with the covers facing the receiving hopper. A rocking arm is arranged for periodically engaging the cover of each successive bucket to open the cover when the bucket is positioned above the receiving hopper and the cover is closed after each successive bucket is charged.

Abstract: A wafer packaging system for clean packaging and damage-free transporting of semiconductor wafers. The system includes tubular outer and inner containers, the inner container adapted to be contained by the outer container with the longitudinal axes of both containers extending in the same axial direction. The inner container includes provision for holding a plurality of the semiconductor wafers in spaced face-to-face relationship. The system provides a sealed container arrangement preventing contaminants outside the outer container from contaminating wafers within the inner container. Shock-absorbing features associated with the containers prevent shocks applied to the outer container from damaging the wafers.

Abstract: Large heavy objects, such as garden tractors, other wheeled vehicles and non-wheeled objects are packaged in a carton which includes a rectangular skid or frame formed of elongated structural members, preferably wood, arranged with two spaced parallel side members (footings) and a plurality of cross members extending therebetween. Some of said cross members (slats) are attached to the underneath surface of the side members while others of the cross members (chocks) are attached to the top surface of the side members at points spaced inwardly a prescribed distance from the outermost of the slats lying therebeneath. A cover member formed from some conventional material such as corrugated cardboard includes an opposed pair of side walls connected by an opposed pair of end walls, and a pair of upper major side flaps and upper minor side flaps attached to and extending upwardly from the upper edge of said side and end walls respectively.

Abstract: A corrugated fibreboard shipping box for packing a stack of sheet material stacked into a flat rectangular shape having a certain thickness is made of a single box blank. The box blank is comprised of a rectangular bottom section, a pair of rectangular side sections connected to the opposite sides of the bottom section, a pair of top half sections connected to the sides of the side sections, and flaps connected to the opposite ends of the bottom section, side section and top half sections. The flaps are provided with parallel folding lines at which the flaps are folded inside to form folded end portions. The folded end portions close the open ends of the box. The corrugated fibreboard shipping box packs and protect the stack of sheet materials without pads.

Abstract: A display package which is formed of a pair of serving packages each including a bowl-like container with a removable cover. The covers are interlocked with the containers and require outward radial expansion for removal. The serving packages are arranged with the covers in face-to-face engagement and are joined together by a circumferential band shrunk in place and interlocked behind the covers. A separately formed hook of the bent wire type has a loop receiving the band and serves as hanging means for the package.

Abstract: This invention relates to the classification of a stream of documents, such as mixed mail pieces, into size and orientation of categories for subsequent processing. The apparatus includes a laser beam which scans a conveying belt upon which the documents are placed. Appropriate circuitry is provided so that a determination may be made as to the length and width of the document being conveyed across the belt. Downstream from the belt is a segregation system in which the various sizes of documents are segregated according to size in response to the determination of the circuitry.

Abstract: A package insert formed of a one piece sheet of paperboard for isolating and protecting a fragile article within an outer package.

Abstract: The apparatus is intended for automatic sorting of articles, particularly, f postal correspondence. The apparatus comprises a plurality of parallel linear guiding channels with limbs branching off to accumulators of sorted articles, arranged alongside of the guiding channels. At the branching-off points of the guiding channels selectors are provided, arranged successively in the direction of the progress of said articles, the foremost selector in the article-progress direction being the most remote from said accumulators.

Abstract: Shrimp are introduced individually onto a rotating disk inward of an adjustable gauging strip fixed above the disk's surface. Shrimp passing under the gauging strip under the influence of centrifugal force and are channeled to a first output chute. Those retained by the strip exit the disk through a second output chute. Disks may be ganged vertically to provide a plurality of sorted grades or in parallel for increased throughput.

Abstract: A foldable hanger assembly for mounting on a wall. The assembly includes an elongated housing to which is pivotally connected a hanger arm that is stored in the housing when not in use. The hanger arm is dropped to a horizontal position for supporting clothes hanger or the like and a brace is hingedly positioned at one end on the hanger arm and the opposite end thereof is slidably engaged with the housing at a point intermediate its length.

Abstract: A two piece pourer closure, comprising a base portion with a cover portion which on rotation is raised by cooperating protuberances to open a pouring aperture, is provided with a separable guarantee strip, at least partly covering the cover portion to prevent it from being grasped and rotated and with means for centering and supporting a jacket portion of the cover against laterally acting forces. The means for supporting the jacket portion may be the protuberances on the base portion or a ring of guide elements on the base portion engaging the inner surface of the jacket portion.

Abstract: A fuel tank for motor vehicles, especially for motorcycles, whose fill-in opening is located in the tank wall; a short pipe-like member adapted to be mounted over the fill-in opening in or at the tank wall is provided for receiving the fuel discharge nozzle.

Abstract: A composite steel-jacketed plastic barrel comprises a blow-molded inner container of synthetic resin that has external peripheral ribs molded integrally thereon and projecting flanges at its opposite ends. The side wall of the inner container is thinnest adjacent its midsection and progressively increases in thickness toward its ends. The steel jacket has inwardly opening peripheral crimps into which the ribs of the inner container snap, and end edges that are rolled over the end flanges of the inner container.

Abstract: An improved locking system for a vending machine of the type comprising a plurality of vertical magazines each consisting of an endless belt having a plurality of spaced trays thereon. A receiving tray mounted below each of the belts has a lock lever associated therewith. The lock lever is normally biased into a first position which prevents unauthorized rotation of the receiving tray to prevent the dispensing of a product held thereon. Rotation of the endless belt forward causes one of the trays thereon to engage the lock lever to move it to a second position to unlock the receiving tray and thereafter engages the receiving tray to pivot such tray to a dispensing position.

Abstract: A holder for pills, capsules and similar uniformly shaped objects for dispensing said objects one by one. A hollow inner tube has an open bottom for receiving the objects and a closed top for limiting axial movement thereof. A hollow outer tube has a spring affixed to a closed bottom and receives the inner tube, the spring biasing the objects upwardly. A dispensing mechanism in a cylindrical casing is affixed to the upper end of the outer tube. The dispensing mechanism operates through diametrically opposed slots in the periphery of the inner tube to dispense the objects one by one. The unit is arranged so that with minor modification a variety of sizes and shapes of objects can be dispensed.

Abstract: A simulated potted plant including one or more artificial flowers having tubular stems extending from a vase, each flower provided with a socket for an illuminating lamp bulb and a pressurized source of scenting fluid together with an electrical timer in the vase for automatically dispensing the scenting fluid through the stem and from the flower at a selected interval and duration with the lamp bulb and timer energized by an associated source of electrical power.

Abstract: The disclosed container for fluids has a pouring spout, the periphery of the container when empty and flat being defined essentially by straight side margins, and top and bottom margins that are curved inward and outward, respectively. A series of containers, formed of strip material, makes efficient use of the strip material by avoiding waste and by realizing a remarkably high ratio of container volume to area of wall material. The disclosed containers have a hang-up tab at the upper end of the container remote from the spout, the container being proportioned to avoid spilling of contents from the spout when the container is suspended by its hang-up tab.

Abstract: The invention provides apparatus for scooping a number of small articles or a small quantity of particulate material from a larger reservoir thereof, the volume of the amount scooped and therefore its quantity being regulated by adjusting the capacity of the scoop. In a preferred example of the invention a number of scoops work simultaneously in separate reservoirs and eject the scoopfuls into a common outlet when they are swept to a packaging point by a swift current of air.

Abstract: The invention provides a low pressure package or packaging system for dispensing a product of high viscosity, namely, 10,000 cps. or above at a pressure of only about 6-40 lbs. per sq. in. gauge (psig). The low pressure reduces the safety hazard to practically zero, reduces the cost of the container very substantially and minimizes the use of metals, plastics and other scarce materials. The container is preferably provided with a barrier in the form of a piston, bag, disc or the like, to separate the product from the propellant.By reason of the low pressure, the wall of the container can be relatively thin, of the order of 0.005 inch or less in the case of aluminum in 2-inch diameter containers. The necessary thickness of materials other than aluminum (such as steel, plastic, paper board or laminates of metal, plastic and paper) will depend on their relative strengths.

Abstract: An actuator for mounting on the end of a pressurized container from which a centrally located, depressible valve stem protrudes. The actuator is characterized by a base surrounding the axis defined by the stem, an actuator tab hinged to the base and extending across the axis to terminate in a finger-depressible free end, a stem-engaging member on the tab which forms with the tab a passageway terminating in a discharge orifice, and a disabling member on the base adjacent the free end and moveable between a locked position blocking tab depression and an unlocked non-blocking position. Other preferred features relate to a hinge attachment of the disabling member to the base, a snappingly engageable catch on the disabling member to engage the tab, a cam on the disabling member to direct the tab upwardly as the disabling member is moved to the locked position, a ledge at the tab free end blocking access to the catch means, and a one-piece construction of the entire structure.

Abstract: A convertible carrier for skis in which skis are contained in a hand carrier portion which allows easy transportation of skis to the slope and, at the same time, is capable of being slidably attached and locked to a bracket portion which remains permanently fixed on the automobile. An auxiliary locking mechanism allows the carrier to be locked to a tree, etc., at the slope.The carrier housing is L-shaped with a handle attached to one leg of the L. Skis rest on their side on the other leg of the L. A locking mechanism is interconnected with the handle by a bar of the lock which fits into a groove of the handle shank. The shank extends through the housing and through an opening the bracket plate, thus preventing the carrier from being released from the bracket. To release the carrier from the bracket, a key is inserted in the lock and rotation of the key rotates the bar from the groove in the handle shank.

Abstract: Carrier apparatus for a packhorse includes a pair of cabinets, each constructed of a rigid, unitary shell of upwardly convergent configuration having a door forming an inclined front panel portion also serving as a table in open position and removable, internal shelf separations for carrying items of various sizes. Each cabinet is contoured on the rear or inner side thereof to generally conform to the sides of the packhorse. Nylon straps or mounting frames suspend the cabinets on each side of the horse in a balanced arrangement from a pair of cross bucks. Further, each cabinet has a flat, rigid base, a flat, horizontal top surface, and substantially vertical rear side extending downwardly from an upper concave surface forming a part of the shell so that when the cabinets are removed from the horse they can be placed back-to-back on the ground with no other support such that the combination of the top surfaces provides an additional enlarged flat working surface or table top.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed herein for extending the length of a trailing wave of a double sided laminar wave of solder by the use of a dam in an oil intermix wave soldering system to create a dead zone while still being able to remove oil from the surface of the dead zone area on a continuous basis to prevent contaminants from interfering with soldering operations.

Abstract: A space divider is provided for use within the interior of a container having a bottom and upstanding walls extending therefrom and delimiting same. The divider is formed from a single blank of foldable sheet material and includes first and second partitions arranged in spaced side-by-side relation. The first and second partitions are each formed of at least two panels in face-to-face relation and having corresponding first peripheral portions thereof foldably interconnected. Extending angularly from corresponding second peripheral portions of the first and second partitions is a pair of relatively spaced third partitions having the outer peripheral portions thereof foldably interconnected by a fourth partition. The fourth partition is spaced from the first and second partitions and coacts with the pair of third partitions to substantially span the distance between the first and second partitions.

Abstract: A display carry container having first and second opposed side wall panels, first and second end wall panels and bottom closure panels for closing the bottom of said container, and an improved top closure comprising a first flap integrally formed with said first side wall panel and having a handle integrally formed therein, second and third flaps integrally formed with said first and second end wall panels respectively for overlapping said first flap and forming an elongated slot through which said handle protrudes, a fourth flap integrally formed with said second side wall panel and having an elongated slot therein through which said handle protrudes when said fourth flap overlaps said second and third flaps, and means removably retaining said fourth flap in its overlapped position.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bag adapted for lining the inside of a container, comprising side walls and a closed end wall comprised of a flexible synthetic resinous sheet material and an open end wall opposite to the closed end wall, wherein the inside circumference of the bag defined by the side walls becomes increasingly larger from an intermediate point on the side walls in the direction of the open end wall, while the outside circumference preferably remains substantially constant.

Abstract: Error detection circuitry for use in a data processing system which utilizes a programmable logic array for controlling, during a write operating mode, the generation of a write error word by an error register, which write error word is thereupon stored together with the associated data words in a data storage device and for controlling, during a read operating mode, the generation of a read error word, the error register thereupon effectively comparing the read error word with the originally stored write error word to produce a remainder word when an error is present.

Abstract: An identification card with a holographic security safeguard in the form of a large area Lippmann-Bragg hologram recorded on a layer or sheet-like carrier disposed on a face of the identification card, capable of being read out without the use of laser light, employing merely normal light sources which produce incoherent light, whereby an image can be observed with the naked eye, and which can contain both binary and analog information, comparable, for example, with printed and other information contained on the identification card; and a method of producing such a card.

Abstract: A vehicle-type thermostat having a housing provided with a valve seat that is controlled by a movable valve member which is interconnected to a temperature responsive device which is carried by the housing, the housing having a positioning arrangement thereon for rotationally orienting the housing in a vehicle engine cooling system whereby the structure of the thermostat can be disposed in a desired rotational position within the engine cooling system.

Abstract: An individual thermostat unit for the valve housing of a central heating radiator replaces the conventional radiator valve mechanism and affords a simplified mounting without the need for modifications of pipe connections. This thermostat unit comprises two setting means, one for basic settings, and another for temperature settings. A setting knob gives different temperature settings by being turned on a thread. This same thread permits the setting knob to be screwed off as part of the housing of the unit, to make the basic setting means accessible when mounting the unit in a valve housing.

Abstract: A temperature anticipator and night light apparatus which may be conveniently utilized with existing heating systems by mounting the apparatus within an air-flow influencing distance from a conventional thermostat which controls the heating system. When operating, the apparatus provides a convection flow of heated air during prescribed time intervals in order to cause the thermostat to turn off the heating system prior to reaching the setting thereon.