Abstract: A cable for use in carrying electrical signals in the audio frequency range. The cable includes an elongate metallic core which can be positioned at the center of the cable. In the case of the coaxial cable, a sleeve of a dielectric material is positioned about the core and a metallic shield is located outwardly of the sleeve and coaxially with the core. The cable also includes a layer formed of ferrite positioned between the sleeve and the shield which substantially increases the inductance of the cable without a corresponding substantial increase in the energy loss so that the cable exhibits substantially constant phase velocity characteristics across the audio frequency band. The ferrite layer can be formed by a series of discrete ferrite sleeves or the ferrite layer might be formed by an extruded thermoplastic having a high loading of ferrite powder. A method of using the cable is also disclosed.

Abstract: A cable and method for making such cable is disclosed. The cable is especially suited for high frequency applications in which electrical attenuation and dissipation factor are of critical importance. The cable comprises a tubular outer conductor, and at least one inner conductor for transmission of electrical signals. Between the inner and outer conductor is a foamed dielectric material. This dielectric is formed from the extrusion of an olefin polymer or a fluoropolymer with a blowing agent gas. Sulfurhexafluoride (SF.sub.6), rather than environmentally unsafe chlorofluorocarbons, is used as a blowing agent to foam the dielectric.

Abstract: An electro-magnetic shielding comprising at least a two-layered electro-magnetic shielding in which one layer is formed by an electrical conductor, such as a metal braiding shield, and in which second layer is formed by a flexible, electrically non-conductive plastic layer doped with non-magnetic metal particles.

Abstract: A reinforced coaxial electric cable having low dielectric constant and a layer of convoluted dielectric insulation placed between either center conductor and conductive shield, optional porous dielectric and shield, or shield and jacket. FEP convoluted dielectric and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene insulation.

Abstract: A yieldably extensible, self-retracting cable comprises a flexible center conductor surrounded by a primary dielectric material with a flexible wire shield exterior thereof and a thermoplastic or thermosetting elastomeric outer jacket formed permanently in a helical shape. The primary dielectric insulation comprises materials such as polymeric fluorocarbon or irradiated polyethylene having an exceptionally low dielectric constant. The low dielectric constant is maintained despite the permanently coiled configuration of the cable by ensuring that the plasticizing or curing temperature of the jacket is less than the melting or other degradation temperature of the dielectric material, and by utilizing unbraided wire shielding comprising a pair of concentric layers of wire wound helically in mutually-opposite directions to avoid mechanical injury of the dielectric material.

Abstract: A system is provided for transmitting signals between a sensor assembly contained in one or more well probes lowered into a well at the end of a cable and a surface control and recording unit. The cable includes a central line surrounded by several other lines and an external metal sheath. The transfer of data from the reception assembly to the surface installation is provided by applying suitably coded signals between the central conductor and the external sheath. A considerable increase in the transmission flow rate of the cable is obtained.

Abstract: A miniaturized transmission link architecture for intercoupling high frequency miniaturized integrated circuit components comprises a thin conductive plate in one surface of which a matrix or grid work of rectilinear grooves or channels are formed, creating "waffle-iron"-like pattern in one surface of the conductive plate. The spacing between channels corresponds to the width of a channel which, in turn, may be sized to substantially match the outer diameter of insulation jacketed wire that is placed in the channels. The depth of a channel or groove is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the wire to accommodate wire crossovers at intersections of the channels. The top surface of the "waffle-plate" is provided with a conductive foil to complete the shielding for the wires.

Abstract: A coaxial cable having a tape with a metal deposited thereon which is wound over a laterally wound shielding layer which is, in turn, formed over an insulation layer about the conductor. The tape includes a plastic tape and a metal layer deposited on the plastic tape, and the tape is disposed such that the metal layer is in contact with the laterally wound shielding layer. Improved high frequency shielding characteristics are obtained using this structure without sacrificing cable flexibility.

Abstract: A precision transmission line in the form of a short air line, and calibration of a network analyzer using the short air line, are disclosed. The short air line is approximately one-quarter wavelength at the middle frequency of the measurement frequency range. One embodiment comprises a very short coaxial air line. The inner conductor is threaded onto a mating inner conductor, such as the inner conductor of the network analyzer test port. For reliable interface at the other end of the inner conductor, a precision coaxial connector is preferably provided for connection to a device under test. The outer conductor is then attached coaxially to the inner conductor between the network analyzer test port and the device under test. Another embodiment comprises a waveguide for calibrations at higher measurment frequencies. In the case of the waveguide, locating structure is provided for properly orienting the waveguide with respect to the network analyzer test port and the device under test.

Abstract: A flexible coaxial cable capable of high frequency signal propagation formed from a multilayer configuration having a plurality of adjacent signal traces etched in dielectric material and surrounded by a protective ground layer. Selected ones of the signal traces are designated to be conducting signal lines. A 360-degree signal return line is formed around each of the designated conducting signal traces utilizing signal traces adjacent those serving as conducting signal lines as part of the return line conductor. A 360-degree shield is also formed around the return line, again employing selected signal traces as part of the shield. The return line and shield are created using photo and laser etching, chemical milling and electroplating techniques. The cable allows electrical signal propagation in the gigahertz frequency range without appreciable signal loss and provides high density packaging. The flexible nature of the cable and its structure combine to provide an even variable standing wave ratio.

Abstract: A microstrip switch is provided comprising a rectangular ferrite rod having pair of ramp-shaped dielectric waveguide members at the ends thereof. The ramp members are made of dielectric waveguide material having a dielectric constant which is substantially the same as the dielectric constant of the ferrite. The rod and ramp members are mounted on one surface of a microstrip dielectric substrate having a dielectric constant substantially less than the dielectric constant of the ramp members and a ground plane on the other surface thereof. Input and output sections of microstrip conductor are mounted on the surface of the substrate and the sloping surfaces of the ramp members in axial alignment with the rod and ramp members.

Abstract: An electrical transmission line has improved signal transmission characteristics, low attenuation, constant phase and group velocity and constant and nearly ohmic characteristic impedance over a wide frequency band by providing low magnetic loss inductance along with the shunt capacitance of the insulation surrounding the conductors. The low loss inductance can be provided by particulate magnetic material, such as ferrites, homogeneously distributed in the insulating material or alternatively the inductance can be provided by ring(s) of magnetic material concentric with the conductor or by layer(s) of magnetic material when the conductor(s) are flat. A variety of radial or longitudinal profiles of the doping level is possible and can be used in combination with any of these basic loading designs. These concepts can be applied in twisted pair, coaxial or high voltage power transmission and distribution single or three phase cables or strip lines and other breadboard applications.

Abstract: Signal degradation is minimized in an electronic polarizer of the type having a circular input waveguide, rectangular output waveguide and an intermediate electromagnetic coil. A ferrite core is contained between impedance matching transformers within a small diameter intermediate waveguide section and air gaps are minimized by ferro-magnetic washers pressed onto the intermediate waveguide to hold the transformers in close contact with the ferrite core ends. The washers also support the electromagnetic coil coaxially within the cylindrical input waveguide, enhance the efficiency of the coil and define the transition walls between the small intermediate waveguide and the larger input and output waveguides.

Abstract: A delay line is provided for effecting a desired delay in the transmission of electromagnetic waves in the microwave and millimeter range of the spectrum. The line comprises a length L of a dielectric waveguide for transmission of electromagnetic waves comprising a core of polytetrafluoroethylene having one or more layers of polytetrafluoroethylene overwrapped around the core, wherein T=KL/c, in which T is the total time delay , c is the velocity of light in free space and K is the delay constant of the dielectric waveguide. Preferably, the delay line is overwrapped around a mandrel.

Abstract: A coaxial cable for coupling radio frequency (RF) signals therethrough with a predetermined, nominal attenuation comprising a center conductor selected to maintain the attenuation of the coaxial cable at substantially the nominal attenuation substantially independently of the frequency of the RF signals over a predetermined frequency range, such as from 2 to 18 GHz. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the center conductor is selected having a nominal volume resisitivity (.rho.) and a nominal permeability (.mu.), with the volume resistivity-permeability product thereof substantially varying inversely with changes in frequency of RF signals coupled through the cable. With such arrangement, a lossy coaxial cable providing substantially constant attenuation over a broad range of frequencies, such as greater than three octaves, is provided having reduced size, complexity and VSWR from conventional lossy cable assemblies comprising a conventional coaxial cable coupled in series with an attenuator.

Abstract: A coaxial wiring structure that is constructed by depositing and etching a series of conductor layers and insulator layers.

Abstract: An improved flexible coaxial cable (24) and method of making same employs an inner conductor (22) having a helically wound dielectric beading (20) wound thereabout in a predetermined pitch dependent on the desired velocity of propogation for the cable (24). A heat shrinkable dielectric tubing (26) surrounds the helically wound beading (20) and locks it to the inner conductor (22) to provide a dielectric core (28) having a constant pitch for the helically wound beading (20) during flexing of the cable (24). A convoluted outer conductor (30, 32, 34, 36) is locked to the tubing (26) of the dielectric core (28) by crimping it to the dielectric core (28) between the helically wound convolutions of the outer conductor (30, 32, 34, 36).

Abstract: An electrical transmission unit line is provided comprising a porous dielectric layer having positioned on one side thereof a pair of narrow, parallel elongated electrical conductors and on the other side thereof, opposite the pair of conductors and extending transversely across both wires of the pair and parallel thereto, a wide ground conductor. An electrical transmission line having a plurality of such unit lines is also provided. The porous dielectric is preferably porous, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene. The transmission lines are covered with an electrically insulating material, preferably a nonporous plastic.

Abstract: A miniaturized transmission link architecture for intercoupling high frequency miniaturized integrated circuit components comprises a thin conductive plate in one surface of which a matrix or grid work of rectilinear grooves or channels are formed, creating "waffle-iron"-like pattern in one surface of the conductive plate. The spacing between channels corresponds to the width of a channel which, in turn, may be sized to substantially match the outer diameter of insulation jacketed wire that is placed in the channels. The depth of a channel or groove is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the wire to accommodate wire crossovers at intersections of the channels. The top surface of the "waffle-plate" is provided with a conductive foil to complete the shielding for the wires.

Abstract: A radio frequency coaxial vacuum feedthrough is provided which utilizes a cylindrical ceramic vacuum break formed of an alumina ceramic. The cylinder is coaxially disposed and brazed between tapered coaxial conductors to form a vacuum sealed connection between a pressurized upstream coaxial transmission line and a utilization device located within a vacuum container. The feedthrough provides 50 ohm matched impedance RF feedthrough up to about 500 MHz at power levels in the multimegawatt range.

Abstract: In a shielded power cable of the type comprising inner and outer conductors separated by cable insulation defining a displacement current path between the conductors for high frequency currents, the cable insulation incorporates one or more coaxial layers of semiconductive material consisting of cable insulation material loaded with a conductive filler, such as carbon fibres or spheres. The semiconductive layer is designed to maximize high frequency losses thereby to facilitate attenuation of high voltage surges caused by lightning or by switching.

Abstract: A support board or substrate is disclosed for interconnecting various electronic components. One or more conductors are imbedded within the substrate for interconnecting the components. Each conductor is provided with shielding to permit the exchange of high frequency signals between the components without cross-coupled interference.

Abstract: An improved shielded radio frequency transmission cable having at least one center conductor surrounded by a dielectric and a plurality of metallic sheaths surrounding the dielectric with at least two of the metallic sheaths separated by at least one interlayer (preferably braided) that includes insulating material (which may be a good dielectric) and at least one conducting member.

Abstract: A microwave coupled line device constructed to equalize even and odd mode delay and comprising an outer conductor and first and second inner conductors at least one of which has insulation bonded thereto and separated by the thickness of said insulation therebetween. There is also provided an insulating sleeve disposed in the outer conductor and adapted to accommodate the first and second inner conductors. Means are provided for filling the void between the insulating sleeve and the outer conductor with an insulating material preferably having a dielectric constant in the range of 2.6-3.5.

Abstract: A shielded electric wire having an electric conductor, a high expansion insulating layer provided on the electric conductor, a rigid skin layer on the insulating layer, and a closed shield layer on the skin layer. The closed shield layer is produced by winding a number of electric wires on the insulating layer at a winding angle of 80.degree.-85.degree. from the normal to the longitudinal axis of the conductor. This electric wire is free from changes in its characteristics even if the degree of expansion of the insulating layer is as high as 65% or more and thus is suitable for use in wiring electronic devices such as computers.

Abstract: A low attenuation high frequency coaxial cable is provided for carrying microwave energy in the gigaHertz range. A center conductor is wrapped with a plurality of layers of low density PTFE dielectric material. At least one layer of high density unsintered PTFE dielectric material is tightly wrapped around the low density tape with overlapping edges and then is sintered for forming an envelope strong enough to hold the low density material in position during the remainder of the cable preparation and during an attaching of terminating connectors. An outer conductor of longitudinally extending, parallel, adjacent electrically conductive wire strands is applied with a slight helical lay around the dielectric of the cable along its axis thereof surrounding the high density tape. A serving may be applied over the longitudinal wire strands and a jacket applied around the cable over the serving. The cable so formed provides an improvement in performance.

Abstract: Radiating coaxial electric cable comprises a conductor core (1), a cellular dielectric (2), an outer conductor (3) having apertures for the passage of electromagnetic radiation, and an outer insulating sheath (4). The radiation-passing apertures consist of successive series of holes (6) aligned according to a helix segment pattern.

Abstract: A coaxial line as a rigid probe interposer is particularly useful for connecting an electrical tester to a high speed integrated circuit utilizes two coaxial dielectrics for spacing a center conductor from an outer conductor in the form of a holed metallic body. The line center conductor is initially coated with a first dielectric. The dielectric coated center conductor is thereafter positioned in an oversized hole within the conductive body. The annular free space existing between the inside wall of the hole and the outer circumference of the first dielectric is filled as by capillary action, with a second, liquid dielectric which flows into the fissures and cracks within the first dielectric prior to curing.

Abstract: A microstripline for use in a microwave heating comprising conductors each provided over both surfaces of a dielectric base plate. A plurality of slits are arranged distributed in the propagating direction of a microwave on at least one conductor, thereby to form a ladder portion. At least one conductor having the ladder pattern is sandwiched by a silicone resin.

Abstract: Foamed polymers having low loss at microwave frequencies are prepared through use of perfluorinated alkane foaming agents. The invention is particularly valuable for polymers which are melt-processed at high temperatures, especially fluoropolymers such as tetrafluoroethylene copolymers. The polymeric foams are particularly useful as electrical insulation, especially for coaxial cables suitable for use at microwave frequencies.

Abstract: A microwave coupled line device constructed to equalize even and odd mode delay and comprising an outer conductor and first and second inner conductors at least one of which has insulation bonded thereto and separated by the thickness of said insulation therebetween. There is also provided an insulating sleeve disposed in the outer conductor and adapted to accommodate the first and second inner conductors. Means are provided for filling the void between the insulating sleeve and the outer conductor with an insulating material.

Abstract: A rigid coaxial transmission line in which the inner conductor is formed by axially spaced sections. Adjacent sections are connected by a conductive bellows which permits thermal expansion and contraction of the inner conductor sections relative to one another and relative to the outer conductor of the transmission line. A rigid auxiliary connecting member is disposed within the bellows and is slidably connected to one of the conductor sections. The auxiliary connecting member limits expansion and contraction of the bellows to a safe range to prevent the bellows from being overstressed.

Abstract: A balanced-line transmission cable is disclosed for use in a communications system of the type having a differential driver which transmits a differential output in the form of two output voltage signals which are transmitted to two corresponding inputs of a differential receiver which produces an output proportional to the difference between the two input voltage signals. A woven balanced line transmission cable includes a plurality of balanced-line signal conductor pairs each pair consisting of first and second signal transmission wires laterally spaced closely adjacent one another and lying generally parallel with one another in the cable. The first and second signal transmission wires transmit one each of the two voltages for input into the differential receiver. A plurality of fiber warp and weft yarns are interwoven in the cable with the signal conductor wire pairs fixing the lateral spacing and parallel alignment of the first and second signal transmission wires.

Abstract: A transmission line for the transmission of electrical energy and signals, including at least one electrical conductor exhibiting high frequency skin effect; a low conductivity magnetic composite layer surrounding the at least one conductor and exhibiting an inductance characteristic; a resistive layer coupled to the magnetic composite layer and having a predetermined capacitance relative to ground potential, the resistive layer exhibiting a longitudinal resistance characteristic matched at least to the inductance characteristic of the magnetic composite layer to obtain a correspondingly determined low pass frequency characteristic wherein within a predetermined transition frequency range, current flow switches from the at least one conductor to the resistive layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high frequency attenuation core and cable. The core includes a conductor surrounded by a high frequency energy absorbing medium, then surrounded by a dielectric, and then surrounded by an outer layer made from a material having a high complex dielectric constant. The cable includes the above described core surrounded by an electromagnetic interference (EMI) shield which is further surrounded by a conductive layer. The cable and core as described above may be used in harness applications wherein a plurality of cores and/or cables as described above are surrounded by a gross shield. In addition, when the cores described above are used in multi-core applications, they may individually include an additional EMI shield for greater electromagnetic interference protection.

Abstract: A ferrite modulator/switch is disclosed for use in a dielectric waveguide ansmission line. A ferrite guide section inserted in a dielectric transmission line is longitudinally magnetized to cause a 90.degree. rotation of a wave traveling through the guide thereby inhibiting further propagation and resulting in the scattering out of wave energy away from the dielectric line.

Abstract: Novel discrete coaxial cable and coaxial cable assembly constructions are disclosed. One preferred embodiment of the invention is a flat coaxial cable assembly. The invention also provides a novel method for manufacturing the coaxial elements which are the primary structural components of the coaxial cables and assemblies. In this method a signal wire and at least one drain wire are embedded in a minor matrix of dielectric material. A portion of the minor matrix material is peeled or skived away to expose the drain wire or wires. The resulting product is then wrapped in metal foil so that the foil makes electrical contact with the exposed drain wires. This step yields a completed coaxial element. A single element may be embedded in a major matrix of dielectric to yield a coaxial cable or several elements may be so embedded to yield a coaxial cable assembly.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high frequency attenuation core and cable. The core includes a conductor surrounded by a high frequency energy absorbing medium, then surrounded by a dielectric, and then surrounded by an outer layer made from a material having a high complex dielectric constant. The cable includes the above described core surrounded by an electromagnetic interference (EMI) shield which is further surrounded by a conductive layer. The cable and core as described above may be used in harness applications wherein a plurality of cores and/or cables as described above are surrounded by a gross shield. In addition, when the cores described above are used in multi-core applications, they may individually include an additional EMI shield for greater electromagnetic interference protection.

Abstract: A woven electrical transmission cable A is illustrated which includes a plurality of warp elements (12, 12, 14) interwoven with a weft element (16). A number of the warp elements are ground conductors (10) and a number are signal conductors (12). The ground and signal conductors are arranged in clusters (D, E) which include signal conductor pairs (12a, 12b and 12c, 12d) isolated by ground conductors (10a-10c and 10d-10f), respectively. An input signal is split at the input (20, 24) of the cluster between the signal conductor pair which is then combined at the output to provide a single output signal (28, 30). The location of the ground conductors relative to the signal conductors is fixed in the cable by interweaving of the weft (16) and warp binder yarns (14) together with the warp conductors (10, 12) whereby the characteristic impedance is controlled.

Abstract: Control and monitoring devices for influencing safety-relevant system parts in a power station, including at least two rooms being separated from each other, similar electric circuits disposed in each of the rooms for at least one of giving commands and receiving acknowledgements for influencing a system part, a power supply being disposed in each of the rooms and being completely electrically separate from each other, electro-optical converters for transmitting signals being disposed in each of the rooms, and optical waveguide cables connecting the converters to each other.

Abstract: The device consist of a latching, nonreciprocal ferrite phase shifter, a ching Faraday rotator, a radiating element and the required matching transformers combined into a single unit used as a phased array element. The phase shift is provided by a toroid type non-reciprocal ferrite phase shifter. The polarization rotation is provided by an axially magnetized ferrite filled waveguide. The impedance matching between the sections is achieved with ceramic transformers. This device provides full polarization control.

Abstract: An extremely low-attenuation, and extremely low radiation loss, flexible coaxial cable for microwave energy in the high gigaHertz (GHz) frequency range includes a solid single-strand, smooth, silver-plated center conductor surrounded by a flexible dielectric medium with a plurality of longitudinal, parallel, contiguous conductive strands adjacent to the low-loss dielectric medium for defining the inner surface of the outer conductor concentric about the center conductor. Each of these strands is smooth silver plated. All of these strands run parallel one to another extending longitudinally of the cable, and they are sufficiently numerous for forming at least two full layers of these strands surrounding the dielectric medium. The inner layer of strands is contiguous to the dielectric medium, and the next layer comprises strands nesting in the valleys defined by the respective neighboring strands of the inner layer.

Abstract: An electric cable comprising a plurality of separate screenings (3, 8), immunized against external parasites, particularly of high amplitude (common mode current, EMP etc.), wherein the screenings are separated by one or more insulating or slightly conducting magnetic layers (7), formed from magnetic compositions and applied by extrusion.

Abstract: The subject invention is directed to a cable comprising at least one center conductor, a dielectric surrounding said conductor and a plurality of metallic sheaths with at least two of said metallic sheaths separated, having a high series impedance and high propagation function for the path between said separated metallic sheaths. Said metallic sheaths are disposed in coaxial relationship to said at least one center conductor along the length of said cable. The cable design improves the shielding, suppression of EMI and RFI interference and minimizes the number and/or cost of the metallic sheaths required to obtain desired shielding.

Abstract: Absorptive shields for transmission lines, especially those tending to radiate electromagnetic wave lengths within a frequency range of from about 10.sup.6 to about 10.sup.10 hertz, especially 10.sup.7 to 10.sup.10 hertz. The shields are flexible materials filled with ferromagnetic, or ferrimagnetic, powders of selected particle size and distribution.

Abstract: A high frequency attenuation cable which includes: a conductor; a high frequency absorption medium surrounding the conductor for attenuating high frequency energy through the cable; dielectric surrounding the absorption medium; electrical shielding surrounding the dielectric confining the high frequency energy to the absorption medium; and electrically conductive outer jacketing surrounding the shielding preventing the shielding from becoming a high frequency transmission line.

Abstract: A coaxial cable which is highly flexible and in which bending causes very little change in electrical characteristics is disclosed. Inner and outer conductors, each provided as a corrugated tube, are arranged coaxially with a thermoplastic resin insulating member therebetween. The insulating member is composed of a spiral rib joined to an outer insulating tube. The spiral rib is made of high density polyethylene and the insulating tube of low density polyethylene. The ratio of the corrugation pitch of the inner conductor to the pitch of the outer conductor is in a range of 0.9 to 1.2.

Abstract: The band-pass filter portion of a coaxial cable includes filter elements in the form of a laminate of dielectric material having a conductive layer on opposite faces. Attached to each conductive layer is a mass which is the electrical equivalent of a shunt capacitor. Each such mass is joined to a center conductor. A sleeve of dielectric material surrounds each center conductor except in the area of the filter. A seamless tube of dielectric material surrounds the filter elements and the dielectric sleeves. A monolithic jacket of electrically conductive metal surrounds said seamless tube.

Abstract: At least one conductive element combined with a magnetic absorbing mixture surrounding at least part of the conductor has a composite structure: a core is formed by a filament or fiber (rayon, nylon, glass) and a conductive coating (metal or metallic glass). There is so provided a high resistance element, with good mechanical properties and a great absorption of high frequencies.Applications: antiparasitic cables for ignition of internal combustion engines, instrumentation and low-pass cables, coaxial cables, shields and screens.

Abstract: A multi-signal transmission line is formed of a flat cable having a plurality of generally parallel conductors embedded in a dielectric core material, with an insulator jacket encasing the flat cable and being made of a dielectric material having a higher dielectric constant than the dielectric core material of the flat cable. The resulting composite transmission line cable insures that substantially all of the transverse electromagnetic propagation field created by the passage of a fast rise time pulse in a signal conductor is confined to the geometric area of the cable and the cable functions in a manner to greatly reduce the far end line-to-line interference (crosstalk) between the signal conductor and adjacent quiet lines.