Abstract: A document recording method for recording a document on a microfilm, the document including a series of pages, a format of which is specified so as to include at least a page representing commencement, a page representing an original, and a page representing conclusion. The method includes recording all or a portion of the series of pages on the microfilm in a hologram format that is obtained by interference between object light and reference light.

Abstract: A method capable of converting motion image data, which is captured in an ordinary way without intending to produce parallax image printed matter, to data that can be printed as parallax image printed matter is provided. The method includes the steps of specifying at least one frame as a reference frame from a plurality of frames constituting the motion image data, and setting a point-of-regard on an object in the reference frame, calculating an amount of movement of the point-of-regard using a relation between the point-of-regard in the reference frame and a point corresponding thereto in another frame, obtaining a motion compensation amount for each frame based on this amount of movement thereof, and executing a motion compensation processing for the motion image data based on the motion compensation amount, thereby converting the motion image data to parallax image data.

Abstract: A digital watermark which is incorporated, perceptibly or imperceptibly, into a diffractive device such as a hologram. When applied to protect and/or authenticate a document of value or a product, the device provides an increased degree of overt and covert security, and permits tracking of the sale, use or other parameters associated with the product and/or document of value.

Abstract: A method and system for establishing extended optical traps for commercial use. The method and system employs a diffractive optical element (DOE) to process a light beam wherein the DOE includes phase information and amplitude information to create the extended optical trap. Such extended traps can be line traps and can be further expanded to two and three dimensional configurations.

Abstract: A hologram medium manufacturing method is disclosed. The hologram medium manufacturing method includes: disposing a first pair of master hologram media with a predetermined interval so that the first pair of the master hologram media face each other; forming a master hologram in the master hologram media by irradiating the first pair of the master hologram media with spherical wave light and reference light so that the spherical wave light and the reference light interfere with each other in the master hologram media, the spherical wave light and the reference light having a focal point between the first pair of the master hologram media; disposing a hologram medium between the first pair of the master hologram media; and forming a hologram in the hologram medium by irradiating the first pair of the master hologram media with the reference light.

Abstract: A hologram apparatus capable of recording and reproduction of a recording medium with stability. The hologram apparatus includes: a suspension unit for holding a recording medium in a freely mountable fashion, the recording medium storing an optical interference pattern inside as a diffraction grating; a reference light optical system for emitting reference light toward the recording medium; and a signal light optical system for emitting signal light toward the recording medium, being arranged on a side opposite from the reference light optical system coaxially across the recording medium, the diffraction grating being formed by opposite irradiation of the recording medium with the signal light and the reference light.

Abstract: A hologram recorder (A) records a hologram in a hologram recording medium (B) by interference of a recording beam (S) irradiated at a predetermined incident angle to the medium (B) via a spatial light modulator (2) incliningly in a predetermined direction with a reference beam (R) irradiated incliningly in an opposite direction to the recording beam (S) so that the beams (S,R) crosses at a predetermined crossing angle. The recorder includes a beam modulator (1) for converting a Gaussian-beam having a Gaussian-distribution of intensity into a parallel beam having an intensity distribution tending to be uniform and allowing the parallel beam to travel to the spatial modulator (2) as the recording beam (S). The Gaussian-beam has a center axis (Gs) decentered from an optical axis (1A) of the beam modulator (1) in a decentering direction including a directional component of the predetermined direction in which the recording beam (S) is inclined or an opposite directional component thereto.

Abstract: A method of holographically recording and reading information is disclosed. The method includes: recording information in a holographic recording medium by irradiating the holographic recording medium with a laser beam, wherein a transverse sectional area of the laser beam is divided into a central area for a signal beam and a ring-shaped area for a reference beam, the ring-shaped area surrounding the central area with a predetermined gap; and reading out the information from the holographic recording medium by irradiating the holographic recording medium with a ring-shaped readout beam having an area greater than that of the reference beam in at least one of directions inward of an inner diameter thereof and outward of an outer diameter thereof.

Abstract: A method comprises computing an interference pattern between a simulated design input optical signal and a simulated design output optical signal, and computationally deriving an arrangement of at least one diffractive element set from the computed interference pattern. The interference pattern is computed in a transmission grating region, with the input and output optical signals each propagating through the transmission grating region as substantially unconfined optical beams. The arrangement of diffractive element set is computationally derived so that when the diffractive element set thus arranged is formed in or on a transmission grating, each diffractive element set would route, between corresponding input and output optical ports, a corresponding diffracted portion of an input optical signal incident on and transmitted by the transmission grating. The method can further comprise forming the set of diffractive elements in or on the transmission grating according to the derived arrangement.

Abstract: A method for fabricating microparticles is provided. The method includes providing a removable substrate that has a photosensitive material. The substrate has a plurality of inner regions. Each inner region surrounds a corresponding outer region. The method also includes providing at least one optically detectable code within at least one of the inner regions of the substrate and etching lines into the substrate to create a plurality of microparticles having at least one optically detectable code therein. The microparticles have elongated bodies that extend in an axial direction. The optically detectable codes extend in the axial direction within the microparticles.

Abstract: A harmonic holography (H2) technique and system that combines holography and nonlinear optics that enables holographic recording of 3D images with femtosecond framing time are provided. The H2 technique records holograms with second harmonic (SH) signals scattered off specialized nanocrystals that are functionalized to label specific protein or other biomolecules in a living organism. The capability of generating second harmonic radiations is specific to materials with noncentrosymmetric crystalline structures only, and ?(2) vanishes for all other types of materials. Therefore, a sharp contrast is formed when particles of noncentrosymmetric structures are dispersed in a medium of other species, pumped at a fundamental frequency, and imaged at the second harmonic frequency. The new scheme described herein provides a sound basis for a new type of contrast microscopy with enormous potential in molecular biomedical imaging.

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems and methods for managing images or video and related information. In one embodiment, geographic information system (GIS) layer information is registered or aligned to an image or video using digital watermark information embedded within the image or video. Other embodiments are provided as well.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for producing a hologram of an object uses light, having photon packets, to illuminate the object and to serve as a reference light. Each photon packet includes a plurality of photons correlated in a quantum-mechanical manner and jointly form a multi-photon Fock state. Some of the photon packets may be used for illuminating the object, and some may be used as a reference light. Photon packets arriving from the object may be made to interfere with the reference light in an interference field, and the brightness distribution in the interference field or a part thereof may be registered by a detector. A light source emitting a plurality of mutually coherent rays of photon packets may be used for generating the packets, some of the rays being used for illuminating the object, and some of the rays being used as a reference light or for forming same.

Abstract: The present invention provides a computer generated hologram which forms a light intensity distribution on a predetermined plane by giving a phase distribution to a wavefront of incident light, comprising an anisotropic layer whose refractive index with respect to linearly polarized light in a first direction is different from a refractive index of the anisotropic layer with respect to linearly polarized light in a second direction perpendicular to the linearly polarized light in the first direction, and an isotropic layer whose refractive index with respect to the linearly polarized light in the first direction is equal to a refractive index of the isotropic layer with respect to the linearly polarized light in the second direction.

Abstract: A method is disclosed to optimize the performance of a holographic data storage system, where that holographic data storage system comprises a plurality of calibratable components, and where each of the plurality of calibratable components comprises one or operational parameters, and where each of those operational parameter is associated with a nominal range. The method seriatim tests each calibratable component and measures the one or more operational parameters for that device. The method determines if the one or more operational parameters associated with each of the calibratable components fall within the associated nominal ranges. If an operational parameter associated with a selected calibratable component fall outside the associated nominal range, then the method recalibrates that selected calibratable component.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention are generally directed to a holographic system. Generally, aspects of the present invention are directed to allocating power of a light beam generated by a coherent light source among the various discrete light beams used in a holographic system. Specifically, a variable optical divider is incorporated into an optical steering subsystem of the holographic memory system to redirect the coherent light beam into one or more discrete light beams, and to dynamically allocate power of the coherent light beam among the discrete light beams.

Abstract: A holographic read only memory card which can be coupled to and read by a card reader to which electronic read only memory cards can also be coupled to and read by the card reader is disclosed. The holographic read only memory card comprises: a housing having a compartment for receiving a holographic storage medium; a holographic storage medium having stored thereon holographic data; and optionally a an electronics panel member having an electronic memory component which can be read by the card reader when the holographic read only memory card is coupled to the electronic card reader. The housing comprises one or more card locating members to thereby repeatedly position the holographic read only memory card each time the holographic read only memory card is coupled to the electronic card reader so that the holographic data can be read.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process of manufacturing electronic media that ensures that all files on the media are functional duplicates of the master copy of the media and provides CD-ROM software with low lead-time, as well as, providing a high amount of product reliability and readability through the use of the ISO format. This process ensures the production of defect free disks through the utilization of electronic means of transferring data, minimization of process steps, minimization of physical touches, verification of data integrity at every point where data is transferred and by a final certification through a functional test of the disk. The disclosed process further includes just-in-time processes that allow the short-term demand of the electronic media to regulate the quantities of product that is manufactured.

Abstract: A hologram apparatus comprises a vibration detection beam generation unit to apply a vibration detection beam, incoherent to the data and reference beams and to detect the presence/absence of vibrations, to the hologram recording medium; a light reception/determination unit to receive the vibration detection beam emitted from the medium after the beam is applied to and propagates through the medium and to determine whether the beam receiving position is within a preset range; and an interruption unit to interrupt at least one of the data and reference beams from being applied to the medium, when this unit has determined that the position of beam reception is not within the preset range.

Abstract: In a method of determining the effectiveness of a sterilization procedure using a biological indicator, the biological indicator comprises a holographic sensor and spores or an enzyme. The method and the biological indicator rely on the holographic sensor to indicate the effectiveness of me sterilisation procedure and do not require a conventional pH indicator, a fluorophore or chromophore.

Abstract: In a mirror with a non-reflective portion provided within its reflective mirror surface as an information provider the portion is transparent and is backed by a display. The display has a moving image or has a colored image representation. Preferably at least one loudspeaker is connected to the display behind the mirror surface. That loudspeaker can also be connected to an input device.

Abstract: The present invention describes an ultrafast secure data communication system that can link remote users to an encrypted database with holographic-stored data and a high security and ultrafast transfer rate.

Abstract: An array of discrete sensors disposed on a substrate, each sensor comprising a holographic support medium and a hologram disposed throughout the volume of the medium, whereby interaction with an analyte results in a variation of a property of the medium.

Abstract: A distributed system for producing holographic stereograms (holograms). A data acquisition station is typically remote from image processing, printing, and replicating stations. The data acquisition station is designed to maximize customer convenience, and may be the customer's own personal computer. The data acquisition station is further designed to accept a wide variety of source data and to perform whatever processing is required to deliver image data to the image processing station in an acceptable format. The data acquisition station further has processing capability to display preview images, which may be assembled by programming executing at the data acquisition station or downloaded from a server.

Abstract: Quantum information processing device includes resonator incorporating material containing physical systems, each of physical systems having at least four energy states, transition between two energy states of at least four energy states, and transition energy between at least two energy states of at least four energy states, at least four energy states being non-degenerate when magnetic field fails to be applied to physical systems, transition resonating in resonator mode that is in common between physical systems, each of at least four energy states representing a quantum bit, transition energy being shifted when magnetic field is applied to physical systems, and magnetic-field application unit configured to apply magnetic field having direction and intensity to material, to eliminate linear transition energy shift between two energy states included in physical systems, each of two energy states included in physical systems being with excluding two energy states resonating in resonator mode.

Abstract: A driving mechanism includes a driven member partially having a spherical surface, piezoelectric units that support the driven member between them and drive the driven member, and a base that holds the piezoelectric units. Each of the piezoelectric units includes a driving portion having a flat surface in contact with the spherical surface of the driven member, a first piezoelectric element that moves the driving portion along a first axis parallel to the flat surface, a second piezoelectric element that moves the driving portion along a second axis that is parallel to the flat surface and intersects the first axis, and a support member that supports the driving portion through the first and second piezoelectric elements.

Abstract: High efficiency reflective volume Bragg gratings with chirped gratings recorded in photo-thermo-refractive glass having an absolute diffraction efficiency exceeding 95% in transmitting and reflecting modes are used to stretch and/or compress ultrashort laser pulses with high efficiency. Robustness, compactness, thermal and laser stability along with placement of multiple elements in the same space provides femtosecond laser system with high efficiency of stretching and re-compression of femtosecond pulses.

Abstract: A method to evaluate a holographic data storage medium is disclosed. In certain embodiments, the holographic data storage medium is evaluated by a manufacturer. In certain embodiments, the holographic data storage medium is evaluated by a customer prior to encoding customer information into the storage medium. In certain embodiments, the holographic data storage medium is evaluated by a customer after encoding customer information therein.

Abstract: An inspection device in accordance with the present invention is configured so that a light source used for irradiating light, and a reflection-type prism that irradiates the light from the light source to a hologram provided on an inspection target that is placed downward and that diffracts light rays in different directions that are reflected from the hologram upward in the same or substantially the same direction are housed in a case. With such an arrangement, it becomes possible to provide an inspection device that can positively conduct an inspection process for identifying the genuineness of an inspection target having a hologram quickly, and is also advantageous in costs.

Abstract: A method and system for optical interconnections with backplanes, cache/memory, chip/die stacks, and mass storage in a supercomputing system. The method includes, but is not limited to, matching a plurality of transmitters to a plurality of receivers to a predetermined phase of an optical signal via a plurality of transmit holographic optical elements and a plurality of receive holographic optical elements; organizing the plurality of transmitters and the plurality of receivers to receive the optical signal via a reflective medium; and modulating the optical signal via the reflective medium from each transmit holographic optical element tuned to the associated receive holographic optical element.

Abstract: An apparatus for compressing holographic data includes an image capture device for capturing an image of an interference pattern reconstructed by irradiating a reference beam and converting the image into m bits. In such an apparatus, a splitter removes least significant j bits from the m-bit data and divides m?j bits of the m-bit data into most significant k bits and remaining m?j?k bits. Thereafter, a compressor converts the most significant k bits into l bits, which is combined with the m?j?k bits to output n bits, wherein l<k and n=l+m?j?k. In this way, by compressing a certain number of most significant bits of the m-bit data and thus relatively increasing the number of the remaining least significant bits of the m-bit data, the BER of final reconstructed image data can be improved.

Abstract: Laser information is prepared which indicates the irradiation interval and intensity level to be irradiated on an optical disc in advance. Then, when image drawing is indicated together with the indication of the forming spacing for pits, a laser is controlled so as to achieve the irradiation interval and intensity level indicated by the laser information that corresponds to the indicated formation spacing to fabricate pits in the optical disc.

Abstract: A hologram element is composed of a hologram element body shaped as a right prism having two rhombus-shaped bottom surfaces. A hologram is disposed on one bottom surface of the hologram element body, the hologram being divided by a division line into a plurality of regions having different grating periods. A grating is disposed on another bottom surface of the hologram element body. A first diagonal line of the bottom surface is longer than a second diagonal line thereof. A center of the hologram is located at a point of intersection of the first diagonal line and the second diagonal line. The division line lies in the first diagonal line. Light which enters through the one bottom surface having the hologram illuminates a plane which is perpendicular to the one bottom surface and includes the division line.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for reading from and/or writing to holographic storage media, and more specifically to an apparatus for reading from and/or writing to holographic storage media having an apodization filter. According to the invention, an apparatus for reading from and/or writing to a holographic storage medium, with a collinear split aperture arrangement of a reference beam and an object beam or a reconstructed object beam, includes an apodization filter for the reference beam.

Abstract: The invention relates to an information carrier (801) comprising: a data layer (802) intended to store a set of elementary data, a layer (803) comprising an array of apertures (804) placed parallel to said data layer (802) for generating an array of light spots intended to be applied to said data layer (802). The invention also relates to a system and apparatus for reading such an information carrier.

Abstract: A method for producing a holographic recording medium having a holographic recording layer between a first substrate and a second substrate including the steps of: providing a holographic recording layer forming composition onto the first substrate, forming the holographic recording layer between the first substrate and the second substrate by facing the second substrate to the first substrate, and hardening the holographic recording layer by at least one of heat and light.

Abstract: A holographic disc recording medium records a hologram over the entire holographic disc recording medium by using a conical reference beam for recording. A hologram recorded image includes recorded images of a plurality of data pages including a plurality of pixels arranged in an approximately rectangular array. A cylindrical reference beam for reading having coherent light having an approximately cylindrical wavefront shape with a small curvature is used to minimize the mismatch in wavefront shapes between the reference beam for recording and reference beam for reading.

Abstract: A security hologram is disclosed that is invisible to a human eye or to various optical detectors until the hologram is optically coupled to a suitable modifier (e.g., a prism). Also disclosed is a method of recording the security hologram and a method of using the hologram in security applications to establish authenticity of article(s).

Abstract: A decorative lighting apparatus includes a structure, a plurality of light emitting elements supported by the structure, and a diffractive surface. The diffractive surface is connected to the structure such that the plurality of light emitting elements is behind the diffractive surface. The plurality of light emitting elements is configured to emit light through the diffractive surface to a viewer. The diffractive surface includes a rainbow hologram.

Abstract: A method for the calculation and storage of a computer-generated multilayer hologram with more than or equal to 2 holograms includes the following steps. Field AO of a readout beam and field AR in the reflection plane are preset as mathematical functions. Except for the hologram to be calculated, all the other holograms of the layer structure are also preset as mathematical functions. Fields A+/A? are then calculated on both sides of hologram hi, as a result of which hologram function hi, is calculated by forming a quotient from fields A+/A?.

Abstract: An interference lithography system is described that is capable of exposing high resolution patterns in photosensitive media and employing yield increasing active stabilization techniques needed in production environments. The inventive device utilizes a division-of-wavefront interference lithography configuration which divides a single large field size optical beam using one or more mirrors, and is actively stabilized with a subsystem employing; a phase modulator operating on each divided wavefront section; a novel feedback apparatus for observing the relative phase shifts between interfering wavefront sections; and a control system for holding the relative phase shifts constant.

Abstract: A method and system for providing multi-color holographic optical traps and patterns. The method and system employs a laser beam which interacts with a diffractive optical element with a hologram and for optics which acts to selectively pass or attenuate different light color wavelengths and to position the particular color light at selected different locations to form the different color holographic optical trap patterns and to use these patterns for various commercial purposes.

Abstract: A light receiving apparatus comprises a holographic optical device having a plurality of holograms recorded in a light receiving surface thereof. The holographic optical device is configured to diffract light of a predetermined wavelength incident thereon from different directions onto a common focal area. The holographic optical device is shaped such that a first vector normal to the light receiving surface at a first location thereon is oriented along a first direction and such that a second vector normal to the light receiving surface at a second location thereon is oriented along a second direction, the second direction being different from the first direction.

Abstract: A method of writing a spatially heterodyne hologram having spatially heterodyne fringes includes: passing a single write beam through a spatial light modulator that digitally modulates said single write beam; and focusing the single write beam at a focal plane of a lens to impose a holographic diffraction grating pattern on the photorefractive crystal, the holographic diffraction grating pattern including the spatially heterodyne hologram having spatially heterodyne fringes, wherein only said single write beam is incident on said photorefractive crystal without a reference beam.

Abstract: A reflective printed article includes a substrate having a top surface and a bottom surface with a graphic image printed thereon. A reflective or glossy ink layer is printed over the entire top surface of the substrate. A graphic image is printed over the reflective ink layer. The image may cover the entire portion of the reflective layer or only selected portions thereof. The graphic image includes hidden or latent images printed within the graphic image layers. An optional glossy layer of transparent ink may be printed over the graphic image. A textured pattern of lines is printed or applied in sections over the optional glossy layer or graphical image, with each line in the section printed at the same angle or orientation, with the lines of adjacent sections printed at different angles in order to reflect light in different directions to create the illusion of depth, three-dimensionality, hidden images and motion.

Abstract: An optical information processing apparatus is provided. The optical information processing apparatus includes: an optical system which irradiates a reference beam on an optical information recording medium having a plurality of recording regions adjacent to each other so that the reference beam is wider than each of the recording regions; a filter which filters readout beams reproduced from the optical information recording medium to pass a selected readout beam reproduced from a selected recording region and separates neighborhood readout beams reproduced from neighborhood of the selected recording regions; a readout beam detector which detects the selected readout beam passing through the filter; a neighborhood readout beam detector which detects the neighborhood readout beams separated by the filter; and a controller which compares the neighborhood readout beams detected by the neighborhood readout beam detector to control a reproduction condition of the selected readout beam.

Abstract: A system of visual authentication of digital media. A visual means is provided at the point of purchase for a user to verify that the source of software is genuine. An authentication image is embedded into a portion of a media. The authentication image is not visible to the naked eye. Embodiments of the invention further include a view port integrated in the packaging for the media. The viewing port includes a decoder lens that allows the user to see the hidden authentication image, marking the authenticity of the media.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) realizes a high brightness by using cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) in a color filter and a polarizer, and improves viewing angles by using a hologram diffuser. The LCD includes a back light unit to produce and supply light, and a collimating sheet to collimate the light supplied by the back light unit. A CLC polarizer transmits left-circularly polarized light from the collimating sheet, and reflects other light. A lower substrate is disposed above the CLC polarizer, and an upper substrate is disposed above the lower substrate and includes a holographic diffuser which diffuses light without altering a polarization of the light. A liquid crystal layer is disposed between the lower substrate and the upper substrate, and a color filter layer which transmits only predetermined wavelengths of light is also disposed between the lower substrate and the upper substrate. An upper linear polarizer is located above the upper substrate.

Abstract: A coated sheet comprising a substrate, a coating and a surface embossing. The substrate includes a top surface and a bottom surface. The coating is applied to at least one of the top surface and the bottom surface. The coating includes an IR absorbing material dispersed within the coating. The surface embossing is disposed within the coating. A method of embossing such a coated sheet is likewise disclosed.

Abstract: An optical information reproducing apparatus and an optical information reproducing method using the same are provided. The optical information reproducing apparatus includes: a light source; a beam splitter which splits a beam emitted from the light source into a reference beam and a temporary beam; a temporary beam splitter which splits the temporary beam into a pair of assistant beams; an incident optical system which inputs the reference beam and the assistant beams to a recording medium in which optical information is recorded; a reproduction beam detector which detects reproduction beams reproduced in response to the reference beam, sets the position of the reproduction beam having the largest light intensity as a reference position, and sets a signal region on the basis of the reference beam; and an assistant beam detector which compares the light intensity of the assistant beams incident on the signal region with each other and sets an incident angle of the reference beam.